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Power Transmission, Distribution and Utilization: Lecture# 7: Shunt Parameters of A Transmission Line

This document discusses the shunt parameters of transmission lines, specifically the calculation of line capacitance. It begins by explaining how to calculate the capacitance of a single-phase two-wire line using Gauss's law and the electric field strength between the conductors. It then expands the calculations to determine the capacitance of a three-phase line with both equal and unequal conductor spacing. The key equations and assumptions used to calculate the per-phase capacitance to ground and line-to-line capacitance are presented.

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PhD EE
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689 views19 pages

Power Transmission, Distribution and Utilization: Lecture# 7: Shunt Parameters of A Transmission Line

This document discusses the shunt parameters of transmission lines, specifically the calculation of line capacitance. It begins by explaining how to calculate the capacitance of a single-phase two-wire line using Gauss's law and the electric field strength between the conductors. It then expands the calculations to determine the capacitance of a three-phase line with both equal and unequal conductor spacing. The key equations and assumptions used to calculate the per-phase capacitance to ground and line-to-line capacitance are presented.

Uploaded by

PhD EE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Power Transmission, Distribution and

Utilization
Lecture# 7: Shunt parameters of a
Transmission line

Slide credits
This presentation is based on the textbook by
D. P. Kotari

Dr.Sher
2

Contents
Transmission (T/M) line capacitance
calculations
Case of multiple conductors
Capacitance of a two wire system
Capacitance of three phase system with equal
spacing
Capacitance of three phase system with
unequal spacing
Dr.Sher
3

T/M lines Capacitance calculations


Calculation of Electric field strength (E)
Gausss Law

Estimation of voltage between conductors


Capacitance (C) =Charge/Potential = q/V
Like the inductance, the capacitance will be
derived for
Single phase line (solid conductor)
Three phase line
With equilateral spacing
With unequal spacing
Dr.Sher
4

T/M lines Capacitance calculations


Line conductors have voltage difference
between phases and the ground.
These conductors are separated by a
dielectric (air) over entire length of T/M line
In cables , it can be XLP (Cross link
polyetheline insulation) or paper or some
other kind of insulation.
Dr.Sher
5

T/M lines Capacitance calculations


Gausss law
Total electric flux leaving the close surface is equal
to total charge within the volume enclosed by the
closed surface.
Mathematically
kE ds= Qenclosed
k= Permittivity of the medium
E= Electric field strength at the surface
Dr.Sher
6

T/M lines Capacitance calculations


In a perfect conductor the electric field inside
is zero.
Therefore, electric field only external to
conductor will be discussed.
Consider a long straight conductor with charge
q colomb/meter
Electric field intensity at a distance y from the
axis of the conductor is
=q/2ky V/m
Dr.Sher
7

T/M lines Capacitance calculations


P1 and P2 are two
points at D1 and D2
from the conductor.
V12 is given by

V12= integral of electric


field intensity
=q/(2ky) dy Volts
=q/(2k) ln D2/D1 Volts

The thick line shown


the path of the
potential difference
Dr.Sher
8

The case of multiple conductors


Assumptions
Conductors are far from
the ground and sufficiently
spaced from each other.
Conductor radius is <<
distances between them
Charge on conductors is
uniformly distributed

Note: First two


assumptions meet the
overhead T/M line .
Dr.Sher
9

The case of multiple conductors


To get the potential difference between any
two conductors of the group = individual
charged conductors

This is valid for DC as well as AC quantities.

Dr.Sher
10

Capacitance of a two wire line


Consider the figure.
A single phase voltage is
applied to this wire
Equal and opposite
sinusoidal charges are
developed
qa=-qb

Assume that ra=rb << D


Dr.Sher
11

Capacitance of a two wire line


Cab then be equal to

If ra=rb=r

Dr.Sher
12

Capacitance of a two wire line


Line to line capacitance
is like two equal
capacitances in series.
The capacitance of each
line to neutral is then
given by

Dr.Sher
13

Capacitance of three phase line with


equal spacing
Using the Vab we can write

Adding above two equations


Sum of charges on three conductors is zero.
qa+qb+qc=0
qb+qc=-qa
Dr.Sher
14

Capacitance of three phase line with


equal spacing
For a balanced three
phase voltage to a line
Vab+Vac=3Van
So putting back in the
last equation

For air kr=1


Dr.Sher
15

Capacitance of three phase line with


unequal spacing
We assumed that the
T/M line over the entire
length is transposed.
Therefore, for each
section the expression
can be written as

Dr.Sher
16

Capacitance of three phase line with


unequal spacing
If we neglect the voltage drop, we can safely
assume that Vab in all above equations is
same.
Vbc=Vab -120
The equations for the conductor b and c can
also be written on the same pattern.
For a transposed cycle of all three sections
nine equations are available.
Dr.Sher
17

Capacitance of three phase line with


unequal spacing
We assume that
Also, Vab will be averaged for all three sections
of transposed line. Therefore,

Dr.Sher
18

Capacitance of three phase line with


unequal spacing

Therefore,

Capacitance of line to neutral


Dr.Sher
19

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