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Calculation For Earthing Mat

This document provides data for designing an earthgrid system for a substation, including system data, soil data, conductor data, switchyard layout data, and earth electrode data. Key values given are a fault current of 25 kA, soil resistivity of 40 ohm-m, and grid conductor selected as 40 mm diameter mild steel rod. Calculations are shown to determine the required grid conductor length of 477m, earth electrode length of 234m, and that the attainable touch and step voltages of 668V and 915V respectively are below the tolerable limits of 676V and 2213V. The calculated grid resistance of 0.69 ohms is also below the safe limit of 1 ohm.

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1K views11 pages

Calculation For Earthing Mat

This document provides data for designing an earthgrid system for a substation, including system data, soil data, conductor data, switchyard layout data, and earth electrode data. Key values given are a fault current of 25 kA, soil resistivity of 40 ohm-m, and grid conductor selected as 40 mm diameter mild steel rod. Calculations are shown to determine the required grid conductor length of 477m, earth electrode length of 234m, and that the attainable touch and step voltages of 668V and 915V respectively are below the tolerable limits of 676V and 2213V. The calculated grid resistance of 0.69 ohms is also below the safe limit of 1 ohm.

Uploaded by

pvpavan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 11

1.

0 SYSTEM DATA
Description

Symbol Unit

Value

Rms value of symmetrical fault current

kA

= 25

Fault clearing time for conductor selection

tr

sec

= 1

Fault diversion factor

Sf

= 0.7

1.1 SOIL DATA


Soil Resistivity (Actual Value)

-m

= 16.3

Soil Resistivity (Design value for safety)

-m

= 40

Surface resistivity

-m

= 3000

Thickness of Surface layer

hs

= 0.1

Max allowable temperature of the conductor

= 500

Ambient temperature

= 50

Reference temperature for material constant

= 20

Coefficient of resistivity at Tro C (Mild Steel)

Resistivity of ground conductor

-cm

= 13.8

Thermal capacity factor

TCAP

J/cm3/C

= 3.749

Diameter of grid conductor in m

= 0.04

Spacing of grid conductor Chosen

= 4.4

Depth of burial of Grid conductor

= 0.6

Duration of shock

ts

Sec

= 0.5

1.2 GRID CONDUCTOR DATA


The Conductor Selected is 40 mm dia Mild steel Rod

= 0.0045

1.3 SWITCHYARD DATA


(Refer Annexure-2 for Earthgrid layout) )
Length of switchyard earthmat

= 41

Width of switchyard earthmat

= 21

Area of substation

Sq.m

= 861

Grid conductor periphery length

Lp

= 124

Maximum distance along grid length

Lx

= 41

Maximum distance along grid width

Ly

= 21

Diameter of Pipe/rod earth electrode in m

De

= 0.04

Length of each rod conductor in m

Lr

= 3

No.of Earth electrodes (Earth station)

Nos

= 73

Total length of ground rods


(Refer Annexure-1 for No. of Earth Electrodes)

LR

= 234

1.4 EARTH ELECTRODE DATA

2.0

METHODOLOGY:

2.1

The Earthing Design Calculation is done as per the recommendations given in IEEE Std. 80,2000

2.2

The Corrosion Allowance is Considered for Mild Steel as per the recommendations given in CBIP
Manual Publication No.223

2.3

The Following are considered for determination of grounding conductor length


h

Total Length of Earth mat

Length of Auxiliary Earth mats for Isolators

Length of Earth Electrodes

3.0

CALCULATION:

3.1

Selection of cross section of grid conductor (A)


The Crosssection of Conductor is Given by
A

mm2

25
mm2

3.749/10000
1x0.0045x13.8
A

ln 202.22+500
. 202.22+50

= 318 Sq.mm

Where
K0 = 1 / r - Tr
= 202.22
As per CBIP "Manual on substation" publication number 223, corrosion allowance is
recommended as per following rule
In case of conductor to be laid in soil having soil resistivity greater than 100-m- No allowance
In case of conductor to be laid in soil having soil resistivity from 25 to 100-m- 15% allowance
In case of conductor to be laid in soil having soil resistivity lower tha 25-m-30% allowance
considering soil resistivity for conductor sizing as 40 -m
A mm2

= 1.15 x A
= 1.15 x 317.97
= 366 Sq.mm
For 366 Sq.mm, Size of the Conductor Required is

=
=

Selected Conductor Size is

Hence safe.

366 x 4
3.14
21.6 mm
40 mm dia MS Rod

3.2

Determination of grounding conductor length:


The Earth Mat spacing considered for safe Step & Touch Potential

= 4.4 m x 4.4 m

Area of Substation

= 861 Sq.m

Grid conductor periphery length

Lp

= 124 m

Maximum distance along grid length

Lx

= 41 m

Maximum distance along grid width

Ly

= 21.0 m

Length of each ground rod

Lr

= 3m

Total length of ground rods

LR

= 234 m

Spacing of grid conductor chosen

= 4.4

Estimation of Grid Conductor Length


Rectangle - (41m x 21m)
The number of conductors parallel to the breadth

= 6

The number of conductors parallel to the length

= 11

Length of Conductor for Rectangle

= 477 m

Grid conductor Combined Length (Lc) used in the switchyard

LC

= 477 m

Effective length of the buried Conductor in m

LT

= LC + LR
= 711 m

3.3

Calculation of Tolerable Touch voltage(Et) & Step voltage(Es)


The Surface Layer Derating factor Cs is given by

Cs

Cs

Cs

1-

( )

0.09 1-

2 h s +0.09

50
3000
12 ( 0 . 1 ) +0 . 09

0 . 09 1-

= 0.694

Tolerable Touch Voltage Et is given by


Et50 =

( 1000+1. 5 C S S )0 . 116 =

tS

Et50 = 676 V

( 1000+1. 50 .6953000 )0 . 116


0 . 5

Tolerable Step Voltage Es is given by


Es50 =

( 1000+6 C S S ) 0 . 116

tS

( 1000+ 60 .6953000 ) 0 . 116


0. 5 .

( 1000+6 C S S ) 0 . 116
Es50 = 2213 V

tS

( 1000+ 60 .6953000 ) 0 . 116


0. 5 .

3.4

Determination of Grid resistance (Rg)

Rg

40

1
1
+
1+
LT 20 . A

20
1+h
A

1
1
+
1+
770 20861

Rg

Rg

= 0.690 Ohms

)]

1
1+0. 6

20
861

)]

Since the Grid resistance Rg is Less than 1,the design is safe.


3.5

Maximum Grid current (IG):


IG

= sf x I
= 0.7 x 25
= 17.50 kA

3.6

Calculation of Attainable Mesh voltage(Et) & Step voltage(Es)

3.6.1 Determination of the effective No.of Parallel Conductor (n)


= na x nb x nc x nd

Where
na

LC
LP

= 2 x (477 / 124)

= 7.69
nb

nc

LP
=
4A

= 1.03
=

L
LX Y
A

0 . 7A
L X L=
Y

(67x(78/5226)((0.7x5226) / (67x78))

= 1
nd

= 1 (For Square,Rectangular & L-shaped grids)


= 7.921

3.6.2 Determination of Ki:


Ki

= 0 . 644+ ( 0 . 148n )
= 0.644 + (0.148 x 7.921)
= 1.82

3.6.3 Determination of Km:


Km

[(

2
K
1
D 2 ( D+2 h )
h
8
ln
+

+ ii . ln
2
16 hd
8 Dd
4 d Kh
( 2 n1 )

)]

Where
Kii = 1
(For grid with ground rods along the perimeter, or for grids with ground rods in the grid
corner, as well as both along the perimeter and throughout the grid area)

Kh

ho

1+(0.6/1)

= 1.265
Where ho=1m (Grid reference depth)

K
m

[(

( 5x2 x 1 )2
1
52
1
1
8
ln
+

+
.ln
2 x 3 .14
16 x 1 x 0.04 8 x 5 x 0 .04 4 x 0. 04 1. 265 3. 14 x ( (2 x 8.559 )1 )

Km = 0.45
3.6.4 Determination of Ks:
Ks

=
=

Ks

1 1
1
1
+
+ ( 10 . 5n2 )
2 h D+h D

1
1
1 1
8. 5592
)
+
+ ( 10 .5
3 . 14 21 5+1 5

= 0.4

3.6.5 Determination of the effective buried Length of conductor (Lm for Touch Voltage)
For grids with Earth electrodes

Lm

Lm

LC + 1.55+1.22

( ( ))
Lr

Lx +L y
2

L R

515+
3998+

1.55 + 1.22
(672+782 )

= 858 m

3.6.6 Determination of the effective buried Length of conductor (Ls for Step Voltage):
Ls

= 0.75Lc + 0.85LR for grids with ground rods


= (0.75 x 477) + (0.85 x 234)

Ls

= 557 m

``
``

x 120
x153

)]

Attainable Mesh voltage Em is given by

K m K il G
Lm

Em

Em

= 668 V

= (40 X 0.45 X 1.82 X 17.5 X 1000) / 858.29

Attainable Step voltage Es is given by

K s K il G
Ls

Es

Es

= 915 V

4.0

CONCLUSION:

a)

Em vs Et50

=(40 X 0.4 X 1.82 X 17.5 X 1000) / 557

The Calculated Mesh Voltage of 668 V is lower than the tolerable Touch Voltage 676 V.
b)

Es vs Es50
The Calculated Step Voltage of 915 V is lower than the tolerable Step Voltage 2213 V.

c)

Grid Resistance Rg
The Calculated Grid Resistance of 0.69 Ohms is less than 1 Ohms
HENCE THE DESIGN IS SAFE

ANNEXURE - 1
Estimation of No. of Earth Electrodes

S.NO

DESCRIPTION

NO. OF EARTH
ELECTRODE

1.1

LA

40

1.2

CT&PT

18

1.3

ISMB POLE , T/F,ISO WITH E/S

15

Total No. of Equipment Earth Electrodes

73

Total length for 3 m long earth electrodes.

219

Grid corners & along periphery of 1 m long rod

15

Total Length of Earth Electrodes

234

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