CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS for Classes XI & XII

376

MATHEMATICS
One Paper
Units
I.

II.

III.

IV.
V.
VI.

CLASS - XI
Time : 3 Hours
Unitwise Weightage
Sets, Relations and Functions
[29 marks]
1. Sets, Relations and Functions
2. Trigonometric Functions
Algebra
[37 marks]
1. Complex Number, Quadratic Equations and Linear Inequalities
2. Permutations, Combinations, Mathematical Induction and
Binomial Theorem
3. Sequence and Series
Co-ordinate Geometry
[13 marks]
1. Locus and Equation, Straight Lines
2. Circle, Conic Section and Introduction to
Three-dimension Geometry
Calculus
[6 marks]
Limits and Derivatives
Mathematical Reasoning
[3 marks]
Statistics and Probability
[12 marks]
Total =

100 Marks
Marks Periods
13
16

23
29

13
15

23
27

16

6
7

11
13

6
3
12
100

11
5
22
180

Unit-I: Sets, Relations and Functions

[29 marks]
1. Sets
Sets and their representations, Finite and infinite sets, Empty set, Equal sets, Subsets,
Subsets of the set of real numbers, especially intervals (with notations), Power sets,
Universalset, Venn diagrams, Complements of a set, Operation on sets (union, intersection
and difference of sets).
2. Relations and Functions
Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets, Number of elements in the Cartesian product
of two finite sets. The product sets RR (or R2) and RRR (or R3) where R is
the set of real numbers.
Relation from one set to another, Domain and range of a relation. Function as a
special kind of relation from one set to another. Domain, Co domain and range
of a function. Diagramatic (Pictorial) representation of a function. Real valued function
of a real variable and their domain and range. Some specific functions and their

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS for Classes XI & XII

378
graphs including constant, identity,polynomial,rational, modulus, signum and greatest integer
function. Sum, difference, product and quotients of real valued functions.
3. Trigonometric functions
Positive and negative angles, Measurement of angles, Sexagesemal system and circular
system, Conversion from one system to another. Definition of trigonometric functions
with the help of unit circle. Signs of trigonometric functions (Quadrant Rule). The
identity Sin2x+Cos2x =1. Graphs of trigonometric functions. To express Cos (xy)
and Sin(x y) in terms of Sin x, Sin y, Cos x and Cos y. Deduction of other addition
and subtraction formulae. To express Sin x Sin y and Cos x Cos y as products.
Identities related to multiple and submultiple angles. General solution of trigonometric
equations. Sine and Cosine formulae in a triangle and their simple applications.
Unit-II: Algebra

(G.M.), Insertion of geometric means between two numbers. Relation between A.M.
and G.M. sum to n terms of special series n, n2 and n3.
Unit-III: Coordinate Geometry

[13 marks]

1.

Locus and equation of a locus :

Brief recall of 2D geometry from earlier classes. Shifting of origin. Locus
and equation of a locus.

2.

Straight lines :
Slope of a line and angle between two lines, various forms of equation
of a straight line, Parallel to axes, slope-intercept form, point-slope form, two
point form, intercepts form and normal form. General equation of first degree
in two variables represents a straight line. Reduction of the general equation
ofalinetodifferent forms. System of lines passing through the point of intersection
of two lines. Distance of a point from a line.

[37 marks]

1. Complex numbers and Quadratic Equations.

Need for complex numbers. The fundamental imaginary unit 1 (or i). Complex
numbers in the form of a + ib, Real and imaginary parts of a complex number,
Complex conjugates, Representation of a complex number by a point in a plane,
Argand diagram, Modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number,Algebra
of complex numbers, Triangle inequality, Polar representation of a complex number.
Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Solution of quadratic equation in
the complex number system. Square root of a complex number, Cube root of unity
and their properties.

3.

Circle :
Definition, Equation of circle with given centre and radius, General equation
of a circle, its centre and radius. Equation of a circle when the end points of
a diameter are given. Interior and exterior of a circle.

4.

2. Linear Inequalities.
Linear inequalities, Algebraic solution of linear inequalities in one variable
and their representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities
in two variables. Solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables - graphically.
Inequalities involving modulus functions.

Conic section :
Sections of a cone. Definition of a conic section. Equation of a conic section
having given eccentricity,focusanddirectrix.Standard equation and simple properties
of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.

5.

Introduction to Three-dimentional Geometry :

Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates
of a point. Distance between two points and section formula.

3. Premutations and Combinations.

Fundamental principle of counting, Factorial n where n is a non-negative integer,
Permutation as an arrangement, Meaning of nPr or P(n,r), Permutations in which
things (i) may be repeated (ii) are not all different. Combination, Meaning of nC r
or C(n,r). Important properties of nPr and nC r. Applications of permutations and
combinations.
4. Mathematical Induction.
Principles of Mathematical Induction and its applications.

Unit-IV: Calculus
[06 marks]
Limits and derivatives :
Idea of limit, Left hand and right hand limits, conditions for existence of limit. Fundamental
Theorem on limit (statement only) and standard limits
(i)

xn an
= na n1 (with Proof)
x a x a
sin x
lim
= 1 (with Proof)
x0 x
lim

5. Binomial Theorem.
Bionomial theorem for a positive integral index. Pascal's triangle, General term,
Middle terms, Equidistant terms, properties of Binomial co-efficients,Simple Applications.

(ii)

6. Sequence and Series.

Sequence and Series, Arithmetic Progression (A.P.), Arithmetic Mean (A.M.)
Insertion of arithmetic means between two numbers, Geometric progression (G.P.),
First term, Common ratio, general term, sum to n terms of a G.P., Geometric Mean

Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and

geometrically. Definition of derivative, relate it to slope of tangent to a curve; Derivative
of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivative of polynomial and
trigonometric functions.

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS for Classes XI & XII

Unit-V:

379

380

DESIGN
QUESTION PAPER/UNIT TEST

Mathematical Reasoning :
[03 marks]
Mathematically acceptable statements. Basic connecting words or phrases. Simple
and compound statements. Truth tables. Understanding of and, or implies, implies
by, if and only if, there exists, for all and their use through variety of examples
related to Mathematics. Negation of a statement. Contra positive and converse of
an implication. Validating statement involving connecting words. Checking the truth
of a statement by method of contradiction.

Unit-VI: Statistics and Probability

[12 marks]
1.
Statistics :
Measure of dispersion, Mean deviation, Variance and Standard deviation
of ungrouped/grouped data. Analysis of frequency distribution with equal means
but different variances.
2.

Appendix :
1.
2.

Probability :
Random experiment, Outcomes, sample spaces (set representation), Events,
occurrence of events, not, and & or events, exhaustive events, mutually
exclusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with the
theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of not, and
& or events.
Infinite series : Exponential and Logarithmic series.
Mathematical Modelling :
Consolidating the understanding developed upto Class X. Focus on modelling
problems related to real life (like environment, travel, etc.) and connecting with
other subjects of study where many constraints may really need to be ignored,
formulating the model, looking for solutions, interpreting them in the problems
situation and evaluating the model.

PRESCRIBED TEXTBOOK :
Frank Senior Secondary Mathematics for Class XI (As per latest syllabus of the
Council).
By : S.N. Chhibber, G.D. Dhall & J.C. Nijhawan.
Published by : Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi-110 002.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1.
Mathematics (Textbook for Class XI)
Published by : NCERT, New Delhi
2.
Moderns abc of Mathematics for Class XI
By : J.P. Mohindru
Published by : Modern Publishers, Jalandhar.

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS for Classes XI & XII

Subject
Class
Time
Full Marks
I.

:
:
:
:

MATHEMATICS
XI
3 Hours
100

WEIGHTAGE TO OBJECTIVES :
Objectives
K
U
A
S
Total
Percentage of Marks
20 to 35
30 to 55
6 to 18
0 to 5
100
Marks
20 to 35
30 to 55
6 to 18
0 to 5
100
II.
WEIGHTAGE TO FORM OF QUESTIONS :
Forms of Questions
E
SA-I
SA-II
VSA
O
Total
No. of Questions
7
6
6
10
6
35
Marks Allotted
42
24
18
10
6
100
Estimated Time (in Minutes)
90
44
30
10
6
180
III.
WEIGHTAGE TO CONTENT :
Units
Topics
Marks
Unit-I
1. Sets, Relations and Functions
13
2. Trigonometric Functions
16
Unit-II
1. Complex numbers, Quadratic equation and Linear Inequalities 13
2. Permutations and Combinations, Mathematical Induction,
and Binomial Theorem
15
3. Sequence and Series
9
Unit-III 1. Locus and equation, Straight lines
6
2. Circle, Conic section & Introduction to 3 Dimension Geometry 7
Unit-IV Limits and Derivatives
6
Unit-V
Mathematical Reasoning
3
Unit-VI Statistics and Probability
12
Total :
100
IV.
SCHEME OF SECTIONS : NIL
V.
SCHEME OF OPTIONS: Internal option in any two SA-I type and in any three Essay
Type
VI.
DIFFICULTY LEVEL :
Difficult : 15% marks
Average : 50% marks
Easy : 35% marks
Abbreviation : K (Knowledge), U (Understanding), A (Application), S (Skill), E (Essay Type),
SA (Short Answer Type), VS A (Very Short Answer Type), O (Objective Type)

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS for Classes XI & XII

381
Unit-II:

MATHEMATICS
CLASS - XII
One Paper
Units
I.

II.

III.

IV.

Time : 3 Hours

100 Marks

Unitwise Weightage
Relations and Functions

Marks

Periods

[10 marks]

1.

Relations and Functions

2.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Algebra

[13 marks]

1.

Matrices

13

2.

Determinants

11

Calculus
Continuity and Differentiability

10

18

2.

Applications of Derivatives

14

3.

Integrals

14

26

4.

Applications of Integrals

5.

Differential Equations

14

Vectors

14

2.

Three dimensional Geometry

16

Linear Programming

[06 marks]

11

VI.

Probability

[10 marks]

10

18

Total :

100

180

1.

2.

Determinants :
Determinant of a square matrix (upto 3x3 matrices), properties of determinants,
minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint
and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of
system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or
three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix. Cramers Rule and its
applications.
Unit-III: Calculus
1.

[44 marks]

Continuity and Differentiability :

Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule,
derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit function.
Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions and their derivatives. Logarithmic
functions as inverse of exponential functions
1

1.

Relations and Functions

Matrices :
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero-matrix, transpose of a
matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar
multiplication of matrices, simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar
multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of nonzero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2)
Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the
uniqueness of inverse, if it exists : (Here all matrices will have real entries).

[17 marks]

V.

Unit-I:

[13 marks]

[44 marks]

1.

Vectors and Three Dimensional Geometry

Algebra

1
1
log(1 + x )
e x 1
1 x
1
lim , lim , lim 1 + , lim1 + , lim
, lim
x 0 x x x x
x0
x x0 x x 0
x
x

Logarithmic differentiation. Derivative of functions expressed in parametric

forms. Second order derivatives. Rolles and Lagranges Mean Value Theorems
(without proof) and their geometric interpretations and simple applications.
2.

Applications of Derivatives :
Applications of derivatives : rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions,
tangents & normals, approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test
motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple
problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as
real-life situations).

3.

Integrals :
Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of
functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, only simple integrals of
the type

[10 marks]

Relations and Functions :

Relation in a set. Types of relations, reflexive, symmetric, transitive and
equivalence relations. Types of functions, injective (one-one), subjective (onto),
bijective functions. Inverse of a function, Composite of functions. Binary operations.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions :
Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse
trigonometric functions, Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.

dx
,
a2

dx
x2 a 2

dx
a2 x2

ax

dx
,
+ bx + c

dx
ax 2 + bx + c

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS for Classes XI & XII

( px + q )
dx,
ax 2 + bx + c

( px + q)
ax 2 + bx + c

dx,

383

a 2 x 2 dx and

Unit-V:

x 2 a 2 dx

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS for Classes XI & XII

384
Linear Programming
1.

dx
dx
,
ax 2 + bx + c dx, ( px + q) ax 2 + bx + c dx,
a + b cos x a + b sin x

to be evaluated.
Definite integrals as a limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
(without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite
integrals.
4.

5.

Applications of Integrals :
Application in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, areas of
circles, parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only), area under the curves y =sin x,y
= cos x, etc. area between the two above said curves (the region should be clearly
identifiable).
Differential Equations :
Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential
equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution
of differential equations by method of separation of variables, homogeneous
differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential
equations of the type :
dy
+ p(x)y = q(x), where p(x) and q(x) are functions of x and
dx

Linear Programming :
Introduction, definition of related terminology such as constraints, objective
function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems,
mathematical formulation of L.P. problems, graphical method of solution of
problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible
solutions, optimal feasible solutions (upto three non-trivial constraints).

Unit-VI: Probability
1.

[10 marks]

Probability :
Multiplication theorem on probability, Conditional probability, independent
events, total probability, Bayes theorem. Random variable and its probability
distribution, mean and variance of random variable. Repeated independent
(Bernoulli) trails and Binomial distribution.

Appendix :
1.

Proofs in Mathematics :
Through a variety of examples related to mathematics & already familiar to
the learner, bring out different kinds of proofs : direct, contrapositive, by
contradiction, by counter example.

2.

Mathematical Modelling :
Modelling real-life problems where many constraints may really need to be
ignored (continuing from Class XI). However, now the models concerned would
use techniques/results of matrices, calculus and linear programming.

dx
dy + p(y)= q(y), where p(y) and q(y) are functions of y.

Unit-IV: Vectors and Three dimensional Geometry

[6 marks]

[17 marks]
PRESCRIBED TEXTBOOK :

1.

2.

Vectors
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/
ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors),
position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of
vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a
line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector
on a line. Vector (cross) product of vectors. Scalar triple product.
Three-dinensional Geometry :
Orthogonal Projection, Projection of a point on a line/plane. Direction cosines,
direction ratios; Projection of the joint of two given points on a line. Cartesian and
Vector equation of a line, Coplanar lines, Skew lines, Shortest distance between
two lines. Cartesian and Vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i) two lines (ii)
two planes (iii) a line and a plane. Conditions for perpendicularity and parallelism.
Distance of a point from a plane.

Frank Senior Secondary Mathematics for Class XII (As per latest syllabus of the
Council).
By : S.N. Chhibber,G.D. Dhall & J.C. Nijhawan.
Published by : Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi-110 002.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1.

Mathematics Part I & II (Textbook for Class XII)

Published by : NCERT, New Delhi

2.

Moderns abc of Mathematics for Class XII

By : J.P. Mohindru
Published by : Modern Publishers, Jalandhar.

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS for Classes XI & XII

385

DESIGN
QUESTION PAPER/UNIT TEST
Subject
Class
Time
Full Marks
I.

II.

III.

IV.
V.
VI.

:
:
:
:

MATHEMATICS
XII
3 Hours
100

WEIGHTAGE TO OBJECTIVES :
Objectives
K
U
A
S
Total
Percentage of Marks
20 to 35
30 to 55
6 to 18
0 to 5
100
Marks
20 to 35
30 to 55
6 to 18
0 to 5
100
WEIGHTAGE TO FORM OF QUESTIONS :
Forms of Questions
E
SA-I
SA-II
VSA
O
Total
No. of Questions
7
6
6
10
6
35
Marks Allotted
42
24
18
10
6
100
Estimated Time (in Minutes)
90
44
30
10
6
180
WEIGHTAGE TO CONTENT :
Units
Topics
Marks
Unit-I
1.1 Relations and Functions
5
1.2 Inverse Trigonometric functions
5
Unit-II
2.1 Matrices
7
2.2 Determinants
6
Unit-III 3.1 Continuity and Differentiability
10
3.2 Applications of derivatives
8
3.3 Integrals
14
3.4 Applications of Integrals
4
3.5 Differential Equations
8
Unit-IV 4.1 Vectors
8
4.2 Three-dimentional Geometry
9
Unit-V
5.1 Linear Programming
6
Unit-VI 6.1 Probability
10
Total :
100
SCHEME OF SECTIONS : NIL
SCHEME OF OPTIONS: Internal option in any two SA-I type and in any three Essay Type
DIFFICULTY LEVEL :
Difficult : 15% marks
Average : 50% marks
Easy : 35% marks

Abbreviation : K (Knowledge), U (Understanding), A (Application), S (Skill), E (Essay Type),

SA (Short Answer Type), VSA (Very Short Answer Type), O (Objective Type)