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Mathematics Computer Science Operations Research

The document discusses three methods for finding the maximum and minimum values of a quadratic equation: 1) Determining whether to find the maximum or minimum based on whether the a-value is positive or negative. 2) Using the completing the square method to rewrite the quadratic in the form f(x)=a(x+m)2+n, where n is the maximum or minimum value based on the sign of a. 3) Differentiating the quadratic written as y=ax2+bx+c, setting the derivative equal to 0 to find the x-value, and substituting back into the original quadratic to find the corresponding y-value, which is the maximum or minimum.

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Dhivagar Nageswaran
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56 views4 pages

Mathematics Computer Science Operations Research

The document discusses three methods for finding the maximum and minimum values of a quadratic equation: 1) Determining whether to find the maximum or minimum based on whether the a-value is positive or negative. 2) Using the completing the square method to rewrite the quadratic in the form f(x)=a(x+m)2+n, where n is the maximum or minimum value based on the sign of a. 3) Differentiating the quadratic written as y=ax2+bx+c, setting the derivative equal to 0 to find the x-value, and substituting back into the original quadratic to find the corresponding y-value, which is the maximum or minimum.

Uploaded by

Dhivagar Nageswaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part 1

(i) Mathematical Optimization


In mathematics, computer science, operations research, mathematical optimization
(alternatively, optimization or mathematical programming) is the selection of a best
element (with regard to some criteria) from some set of available alternatives.[1]
In the simplest case, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real
function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing
the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other
formulations comprises a large area of applied mathematics. More generally, optimization
includes finding "best available" values of some objective function given a defined domain
(or a set of constraints), including a variety of different types of objective functions and
different types of domains.

(ii) Global maximum/minimum

A function f has an absolute maximum (or global maximum) at c if f(c) f(x) for all x in D,
where D is the domain of f. The number f(c) is called the maximum value of f on D.
Similarly, f has an absolute minimum (or global minimum) at c if f(c) f(x) for all x in D and
the number f(c) is called the minimum value of f on D. The maximum and minimum values
of f are called the extreme values of f.
(iii) Local maximum/minimum
A function f has a local maximum (or relative maximum) at c if f(c) f(x) when x is
near c. [This means that f(c) f(x) for all x in some open interval containing c.]
Similarly, f has a local minimum (or relative minimum) at c if f(c) f(x) when x is near
c.

b) Methods In Finding The Maximum and Minimum Value Of A Quadratic Equation

Method 1- If the quadratic is in the form y = ax 2 + bx + c

1. Determine whether
you're going to find the
maximum value or
minimum value.

If the avalue> 0 ,a
minimum
value can be
obtained

If the a-value
< 0, a
maximum
value can be
obtained

Method 2: By using completing square method

Given a quadratic function of f(x)=ax+bx+c

Use the completing square method


e.g: f(x)=ax+bx+c
f(x)= a[x+b/a+c/a]
f(x)= a[(x+b/2a)-(b/2a)+c/a]
f(x)= a(x+b/2a)-b/4a+c/a

f(x)= a(x+b/2a)-b/4a+c/a can be rearranged as f(x)=a(x+m)+n


n-value is the maximum or minimum value.
To determine whether the n-value is a max/min value,check the avalue
* If the a-value>0, the quadratic function has a minimum value of n
* If the a-value<0, the quadratic function has a maximum value of n

Method 3: Using differentiation when the quadratic is in the form

bx + c

Differentiate y
with respect to x.
e.g y = ax2 + bx + c
dy/dx= 2ax +b

Equate the dy/dx


to 0 and find the
x-value
e.g: 2ax+b=0
x=-b/2a

y = ax2 +

Substitute the xvalue into the yvalue to obtain


the max/m in
value
e.g: y= a(b/2a)+b(-b/2a)
+c

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