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HW2 Book Solutions: 16 0 M/S, 7 42 M/s

The document contains solutions to homework problems involving kinematics concepts such as velocity, acceleration, and vector addition. Some key points extracted from the solutions: 1) For a car moving with non-constant acceleration, the acceleration at a given velocity of 16 m/s is calculated to be 7.42 m/s^2. 2) For a pin falling with constant acceleration due to gravity, the time taken to reach its highest point and return is calculated. 3) For a rocket experiencing non-constant acceleration, the position and velocity over time are calculated using integral definitions of velocity and position.

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23 views3 pages

HW2 Book Solutions: 16 0 M/S, 7 42 M/s

The document contains solutions to homework problems involving kinematics concepts such as velocity, acceleration, and vector addition. Some key points extracted from the solutions: 1) For a car moving with non-constant acceleration, the acceleration at a given velocity of 16 m/s is calculated to be 7.42 m/s^2. 2) For a pin falling with constant acceleration due to gravity, the time taken to reach its highest point and return is calculated. 3) For a rocket experiencing non-constant acceleration, the position and velocity over time are calculated using integral definitions of velocity and position.

Uploaded by

FaithBoaz21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HW2

Book Solutions

2.14.

I DENTIFY : We know the velocity v(t) of the car as a function of time and want to find its
acceleration at the instant that its velocity is 16.0 m/s.
S ET U P :

dvx d ((0.860 m/s3 )t 2 )


=
.
dt
dt
dv
ax (t ) = x = (1.72 m/s3 )t. When vx = 16.0 m/s, t = 4.313 s. At this time,
dt

ax (t ) =

E XECUTE :

ax = 7.42 m/s2.
E VALUATE :


2.37.

The acceleration of this car is not constant.

I DENTIFY : The pin has a constant downward acceleration of 9.80 m/s2 and returns to its initial
position.
S ET U P : We can use the kinematics formulas for constant acceleration.
1
E XECUTE : The kinematics formulas give y y0 = v0 yt + a yt 2 . We know that y y0 = 0, so
2
2v0 y
2(8.20 m/s)
t =2
=2
= +1.67 s.
ay
9.80 m/s 2
E VALUATE :
return.

It takes the pin half this time to reach its highest point and the remainder of the time to


2.51.

I DENTIFY : The acceleration is not constant, but we know how it varies with time. We can use the
definitions of instantaneous velocity and position to find the rockets position and speed.
t

The basic definitions of velocity and position are v y (t ) =


a y dt and y y0 =
v y dt.

S ET U P :

(a) v y (t ) =
a y dt =
(2.80 m/s3 )tdt = (1.40 m/s3 )t 2

E XECUTE :

3 2

y y0 =
v y dt =
(1.40 m/s )t dt = (0.4667 m/s3 )t 3. For t = 10.0 s, y y0 = 467 m.
(b) y y0 = 325 m so (0.4667 m/s3 )t 3 = 325 m and t = 8.864 s. At this time

v y = (1.40 m/s3 )(8.864 s)2 = 110 m/s.


E VALUATE :

The time in part (b) is less than 10.0 s, so the given formulas are valid.


2.84.

I DENTIFY : The flowerpot is in free-fall. Apply the constant acceleration equations. Use the motion
past the window to find the speed of the flowerpot as it reaches the top of the window. Then consider
the motion from the windowsill to the top of the window.
S ET U P :
E XECUTE :

Let + y be downward. Throughout the motion a y = +9.80 m/s2 .


Motion past the window: y y0 = 1.90 m, t = 0.420 s, a y = +9.80 m/s2 .

y y0 1
1.90 m 1
2 a yt =
(9.80 m/s 2 )(0.420 s) = 2.466 m/s. This
t
0.420 s 2
is the velocity of the flowerpot when it is at the top of the window.
Motion from the windowsill to the top of the window: v0 y = 0, v y = 2.466 m/s, a y = +9.80 m/s2 .
y y0 = v0 yt + 12 a yt 2 gives v0 y =

v 2y

= v02y

+ 2a y ( y y0 ) gives y y0 =

is 0.310 m below the windowsill.

v 2y v02y
2a y

(2.466 m/s) 2 0
2(9.80 m/s 2 )

= 0.310 m. The top of the window

E VALUATE :

It takes the flowerpot t =

v y v0 y

2.466 m/s

= 0.252 s to fall from the sill to the top


9.80 m/s 2
of the window. Our result says that from the windowsill the pot falls 0.310 m + 1.90 m = 2.21 m in
ay

0.252 s + 0.420 s = 0.672 s. y y0 = v0 yt + 12 a yt 2 = 12 (9.80 m/s 2 )(0.672 s) 2 = 2.21 m, which checks.


1.27.

I DENTIFY : Draw each subsequent displacement tail to head with the previous displacement. The
resultant displacement is the single vector that points from the starting point to the stopping point.
r r
r
r
S ET U P : Call the three displacements A, B, and C . The resultant displacement R is given by
r r r r
R = A + B + C.
r
E XECUTE : The vector addition diagram is given in Figure 1.27. Careful measurement gives that R
is 7.8 km, 38o north of east.
E VALUATE : The magnitude of the resultant displacement, 7.8 km, is less than the sum of the
magnitudes of the individual displacements, 2.6 km + 4.0 km + 3.1 km.

Figure 1.27


1.44.

I DENTIFY : A unit vector has magnitude equal to 1.


S ET U P : The magnitude of a vector is given in terms of its components by Eq. (1.12).
E XECUTE : (a) |i + j + k | = 12 + 12 + 12 = 3 1 so it is not a unit vector.

(b) | A| = Ax2 + Ay2 + Az2 . If any component is greater than +1 or less than 1, | A| > 1, so it cannot be
r
a unit vector. A can have negative components since the minus sign goes away when the component
is squared.
r
1
(c) | A| = 1 gives a 2 (3.0)2 + a 2 (4.0)2 = 1 and a2 25 = 1. a =
= 0.20.
5.0
E VALUATE : The magnitude of a vector is greater than the magnitude of any of its components.


1.46.

r r
Target variables are A B and the angle between the two vectors.
r
r
S ET U P : We are given A and B in unit vector form and can take the scalar product using Eq.
(1.19). The angle can then be found from Eq. (1.18).
I DENTIFY :

E XECUTE :

(a) A = 4.00i + 7.00 j, B = 5.00i 2.00 j; A = 8.06, B = 5.39.

r r
A B = (4.00i + 7.00 j) (5.00i 2.00 j ) = (4.00)(5.00) + (7.00)(2.00) = 20.0 14.0 = +6.00.
r r
A B
6.00
(b) cos =
=
= 0.1382; = 82.1.
AB (8.06)(5.39)

r
r
r
E VALUATE : The component of B along A is in the same direction as A, so the scalar product is
positive and the angle is less than 90.

1.49.


3.50.

r r
I DENTIFY : A D has magnitude AD sin . Its direction is given by the right-hand rule.
S ET U P : = 180 53 = 127
r r
r r
E XECUTE : (a) | A D| = (8.00 m)(10.0 m)sin127 = 63.9 m2. The right-hand rule says A D is in
the z -direction (into the page).
r r
r r
(b) D A has the same magnitude as A D and is in the opposite direction.
r
r
E VALUATE : The component of D perpendicular to A is D = D sin53.0 = 7.99 m.

r r
| A D| = AD = 63.9 m2 , which agrees with our previous result.

I DENTIFY :

The velocity has a horizontal tangential component and a vertical component. The

vx2
.
R
S ET U P : Let + y be upward and + x be in the direction of the tangential velocity at the instant we
are considering.
E XECUTE : (a) The birds tangential velocity can be found from
circumference 2 (6.00 m)
vx =
=
= 7.54 m/s.
time of rotation
5.00 s
Thus its velocity consists of the components vx = 7.54 m/s and v y = 3.00 m/s. The speed relative to
vertical component of acceleration is zero and the horizontal component is arad =

the ground is then v = vx2 + v 2y = 8.11 m/s.


(b) The birds speed is constant, so its acceleration is strictly centripetalentirely in the horizontal

vx2 (7.54 m/s)2


=
= 9.48 m/s2 .
r
6.00 m
3.00 m/s
(c) Using the vertical and horizontal velocity components = tan 1
= 21.7.
7.54 m/s
E VALUATE : The angle between the birds velocity and the horizontal remains constant as the bird
rises.
direction, toward the center of its spiral pathand has magnitude arad =

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