Review Exercise 1

1 a

Let A be the origin and let AF lie on the positive x-axis.

x 1 0
16 =
  8  + 8 
y  2 5
x 1  8 
 =  
 y  16  56 
 0.5 
= 
 3.5 
So the centre of mass lies 0.5 cm from AB and 3.5 cm from AF

0.5
tan θ =
3.5
θ = 8.1301...
= 8.13° (3 s.f.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
2

Let A be the origin and let AD lie on the positive x-axis.

The centre of mass of the lamina is at the point (2, 3)
Then the y-coordinate of the centre of mass of successive laminas would be;
3, 9, 15, …
Let n be the number of laminas that can be placed on top of each other.
When n = 1
2
tan10 0.176... <
=
3
Therefore the lamina will not topple.
number of laminas that can be placed on top of each other.
When n = 2
2
tan10 0.176... <
=
9
Therefore the lamina will not topple.
When n = 3
2
tan10 0.176... >
=
15
Therefore the lamina will topple.

3 a

From A to the greatest height, taking upwards as positive:

0, a −9.8, s =
v == 25.6, u = ?
2
v= u 2 + 2as
02 u 2 + 2 × (−9.8) × 25.6
=
u 2 =2 × 9.8 × 25.6 =501.76
u = 501.76 = 22.4, as required.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
3 b u = 22.4, s = −1.5, a =
−9.8, t = T
2
s ut + 12 at
=
= 22.4T + 12 (−9.8)T 2
−1.5
4.9T 2 − 22.4T − 1.5 =
0

( −22.4 )
2
22.4 + − 4 × 4.9 × −1.5
T=
2 × 4.9
= 4.637...
= 4.64 (3 s.f.)

Find the speed of the ball as it reaches the ground:

u = 22.4, s = −1.5, a = −9.8, v = ?
v 2 =u 2 + 2as =22.42 + 2 × (−9.8) × (−1.5) =531.16

Find the deceleration as the ball sinks into the ground:

u 2 = 531.16,=v 0,=s 0.025,=a ?
v 2 = u 2 + 2as ⇒=
02 531.16 + 2 × a × 0.025
a = − 531.16
0.05 =−10 623.2
F = ma
0.6 g − F= 0.6 × (−10 623.2)
0.6 g + 0.6 ×10 623.2 =
F= 6380 (3 s.f.)

e Consider air resistance during motion under gravity.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3
4 a u y = 0 , a y = 9.8 m s −2 , sy = 0.8 m
1
s ut + at 2 gives:
Using =
2
1
0.8 ( 0 ) t + ( 9.8 ) t 2
=
2
2
4.9t = 0.8
2 2
t= s
7
t = 0.404 s (3 s.f.)
2 2
b u x = 2 m s −1 , ax = 0 , t = s
7
1
s ut + at 2 gives:
Using =
2
2
2 2 1 2 2
=s 2   + ( 0 )  
 7  2  7 
4 2
= m
7
t = 0.808 m (3 s.f.)

5 a Let the horizontal distance travelled be x.

By Pythagoras’ theorem:
=x 402 − 202
= 20 3 m
s y = 20 m , a y = 9.8 m s −2 , u y = 0 ,
1
s ut + at 2 gives:
Using =
2
1
=20 ( 0 ) t + ( 9.8 ) t 2
2
1
=20 ( 0 ) t + ( 9.8 ) t 2
2
10 2
t= s
7
10 2
=t =, ax 0,=
sx 20 3
7
2
 10 2  1  10 2 
20 3 u 
=  + ( 0 )  
 7  2  7 
u x = 7 6 m s −1
u x = 17.1 m s −1 (3 s.f.)

b The ball as a projectile has negligible size and is subject to negligible air resistance.
Free fall acceleration remains constant during flight of ball.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 4
6 a u y = 150sin10 m s −1 , ay = -9.8 m s−2, vy = 0
Using v= u + at gives:
= 0 150sin10 − 9.8t
t = 2.657...
= 2.66 s (3 s.f.)

b u x = 150 cos10 m s −1 , ax = 0, t = 2.657… s

1
Using = s ut + at 2 gives:
2
1
s (150 cos10 )( 2.657...) + ( 0 )( 2.657...)
2

2
= 392.625...
= 393 m (3 s.f.)

7 a u y = 3u , ay = −9.8 m s−2, sy = −12 m, t = 3 s

1
s ut + at 2 gives:
Using =
2
1
= 3u ( 3) + ( −9.8 )( 3)
2
−12
2
1
= 3u ( 3) + ( −9.8 )( 3)
2
−12
2
9u = 32.1
107
u=
30
u = 3.57 ms-1 (3 s.f.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 5
 428
7 b u=
x 8=
u , ax = 0, t = 3 s
15
1
Using = s ut + at 2 gives:
2
 428  1
 ( 3) + ( 0 )( 3)
2
=s 
 15  2
428
= m
5
k = 85.6 m
107
c uy = m , ay = −9.8 m s−2, sy = −30 m
10
2
Using v= u 2 + 2as gives:
2
2  107 
vy 
=  + 2(−9.8)(−30)
 10 
v y 2 = 702.49
v y = ±26.5045....
v y = −26.5045....

428
In the x-direction, vx = 8
15

26.5045..
tan θ =
28.5333...
θ = 42.8889...
= 42.9° (3 s.f.)

8 a u y = u sin α , a y = − g , sy = 0
1
s ut + at 2 gives:
Using =
2
1
=0 u sin α t − gt 2
2
2u sin α
t= as required.
g

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 6
 2u sin α
8 b u x = u cos α , ax = 0 , sx = R, t =
g
1
Using =s ut + at 2 gives:
2
 2u sin α 
R = u cos α  
 g 
u 2 cos α sin α
=
g
2u 2 sin 2α
= as required
g

u 2 sin 2α
c R=
g
dR 2u 2 cos 2α
=
dα g
dR
The maximum range occurs when =0
dα
2u 2 cos 2α
=0
g
2α = 900
α = 450 as required
2u 2 u 2 sin 2α
d R= and R =
5g g
2u 2 u 2 sin 2α
=
5g g
2
sin 2α =
5
2α = 23.5781... or 2α =
180 − 23.781... =
156.4218...

So α =11.8° or α =78.2° (3 s.f.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 7
9 a= 5 − 2t
=v ∫ a=dt ∫ (5 − 2t )dt
= 5t − t 2 + C

When
= t 0,= v 6
6 = 0−0+C ⇒ C = 6

Hence
v =6 + 5t − t 2

When P is at rest
0 =6 + 5t − t 2
t 2 − 5t − 6 = (t − 6)(t + 1) =
0
t = 6, − 1

t >0
∴ t =6
P is at rest at t = 6 s

10 v= 6t − 2t 2

a Maximum value of velocity occurs when a = 0

dv
a= = 6 − 4t
dt
3
Maximum velocity occurs at t = s
2
2
 3 3
v = 6 ×  − 2  
 2 2
9 9
v =9 − =
2 2
The maximum velocity is 4.5 ms−1.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 8
10 b When P returns to O, s = 0
=s ∫ v=
dt ∫ 6t − 2t 2 dt
2
s =3t 2 − t 3 + c
3
At t = 0, s = 0 so c = 0

 2 
=0 t2 3 − t 
 3 
2
= t 0= or t 3
3
P returns to O after 4.5 s.

11 v = 3t 2 − 8t + 5

a When the particle is at rest, v = 0

0 = 3t 2 − 8t + 5
 8 5
0= 3  t 2 − t + 
 3 3
 3  5 
0 =3  t −  t − 
 3  3 
(or by using quadratic equation formula)
5
P is at rest at 1 s and s.
3

dv d
b a= = (3t 2 − 8t + 5)
dt dt
a= 6t − 8
t=4
a = (6 × 4) − 8
After 4 s, the acceleration of P is 16 ms−2.

c Distance travelled in third second = s3

3 3

∫ v dt= ∫ 3t
2
s3= − 8t + 5 dt
2 2
3
s3 = t 3 − 4t 2 + 5t 
2

s3 = [ 27 − 36 + 15] − [8 − 16 + 10]
s3= 6 − 2
The distance travelled in the third second is 4 m.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 9
 3
12 a v= 6t − 2t 2 , t ≥ 0
1
dv
a= = 6 − 3t 2 ms −2
dt
3
b v= 6t − 2t 2
 3

= s ∫  6t − 2t 2  dt
 
5
4
=3t 2 − t 2 + c
5
When t = 0, s = 0, therefore:
4 5
0 =3 ( 0 ) − ( 0 ) 2 + c
2

5
c=0
2 4 52
=s 3t − t m
5

1  1 
13 a r =  t 3 + 2t  i +  t 2 − 1 j
3  2 
dr
v = = ( t 2 + 2 ) i + tjms −1
dt
b When t = 5 s

dr
dt
( )
= ( 5) + 2 i + ( 5) j
2

= ( 27i + 5 j)
dr
= 27 2 + 52
dt
= 27.459
= 27.5 ms −1 (3 s.f.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 10
 dr
13 c = ( t 2 + 2 ) i + tj
dt
d 2r
a
= = 2ti + j
dt 2
When t = 2 s
d 2r
= 4i + j
dt 2

d 2r
= 42 + 12
dt 2
= 17 ms −2
1
tan θ =
4
θ = 14.036...
= 14.0° (3 s.f.)
14.0° below the horizontal

14 a r = ( 4t 2
+ 1) i + ( 2t 2 − 3) j
dr
v
= = 8ti + 4tj
dt
When t = 3 s
dr
= 8 ( 3) i + 4 ( 3) j
dt
= 24i + 12 j m s −1
d 2r
b =
a = (8i + 4 j) m s −2 therefore the acceleration is constant.
dt 2

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 11
15 v =−2ti + 3 t j
1
v=−2ti + 3t 2 j
 1

s = ∫  −2ti + 3t 2 j  dt
 
3
=−t i + 2t j + c
2 2

When t = 0, s = 2j
3
− ( 0) i + 2 ( 0) 2 j + c
2
2j =
c = 2j
 32 
s=−t i +  2t + 2  j
2

 
When t = 4 s
 3

− ( 4) i +  2 ( 4) 2 + 2  j
2
s=
 
=−16i + 18 j

s = ( −16 ) + 182
2

= 2 145 m

16 a v = ∫ a dt = ∫ ( 2t − 3t 3 ) i − 4 ( 2t + 1) j dt
2

 3 
v =  t 2 − t 4  i − 4 (t 2 + t ) j + c
 4 
t = 0 ⇒ v = ( 3i + j) m s−1
3i + j = 0i − 4(0) j + c
c= 3i + j
 3 
⇒ v =  t 2 − t 4 + 3  i − ( 4t 2 + 4t − 1) j
 4 

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 12
16 b If P is moving in the direction of i, the coefficient of j in the velocity vector is 0.
0 = 4t 2 + 4t − 1
−4 ± 16 − (4 × 4 × (−1))
t=
8
−1 ± 2
t=
2
The negative solution can be ignored as it is outside the range over which the equation applies.
 2 −1 
P is moving in the direction of i after   s (0.207 s to 3 s.f.).
 2 

17 a v = ∫ a dt = ∫ ( −4ti − 2 j) dt
v= −2t 2 i − 2tj + c
t=0 ⇒v= 8i ms−1
8i = 0i − 0 j + c
c = 8i
⇒ v= 2 ( 4 − t 2 ) i − 2tj

b When the windsurfer is moving due south, the coefficient of i in the velocity vector is 0.
=0 2(4 − t2 )
t2 = 4
t = ±2
The negative solution can be ignored as it is before the time the windsurfer starts to move.
When t = 2 , v =−2 × 2 j =−4 j
The windsurfer is moving due south after 2 s.

 2  4 0  4
18 a (8 + λ ) m   =3m   + 5m   + λ m  
k  0  −3   2
 2   12 + 4λ 
(8 + λ )   =  
 k   −15 + 2λ 
2 ( 8 + λ ) =12 + 4λ
16 + 2λ =12 + 4λ
2λ = 4
λ = 2 as required.

b 10k =−15 + 4
11
k= −
10

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 13
  2  2 1  3
19 ( 2 + x + y ) M=   2 M   + xM   + yM  
 4 5  3 1
 4 + 2x + 2 y   4 + x + 3y 
 = 
 8 + 4 x + 4 y  10 + 3 x + y 
4 + 2x + 2 y = 4 + x + 3y ⇒ x − y = 0 ⇒ x = y (1)
8 + 4 x + 4 y = 10 + 3 x + y ⇒ x + 3 y = 2 (2)
Substituting (1) into (2) gives:
x + 3x = 2
1
x=
2
Therefore:
1
y=
2

x 2  2  4
20 0.6   = 0.1  + 0.2   + 0.3  
y  −1 5  2
 x  1  0.2 + 0.4 + 1.2 
 =  
 y  0.6  −0.1 + 1.0 + 0.6 
1 1.8 
=  
0.6 1.5 
 3 
= 
 2.5 
Therefore the centre of mass lies at:
(3i + 2.5j) m

 3 6 0  2
21 a (3 + k ) M   = 2 M   + M   + kM  
c 0  4  −2 
 9 + 3k  12 + 2k 
 = 
 3c + ck   4 − 2k 
9 + 3k = 12 + 2k
k = 3 as required

b 3c + 3c = –2
1
c= −
3

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 14
22 a

Let D be the origin and let DC lie on the positive x-axis.

x 10  6
( 200 − 9π )   = 200   − 9π  
y 5 5
x 1  2000 − 54π 
 =  
 y  200 − 9π  1000 − 45π 
10.658... 
= 
 5 
Therefore the centre of mass lies 10.7 cm from AD.

5
tan θ =
10.658...
θ = 25.132...
= 25° (to the nearest degree)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 15
23 a

Let E be the origin and ED be the positive x-axis.

 28a 
2x 2  4a  2
60a   48a   + 12a
= 3 
y  3a  
 3a 
 
 x  1  304a 
 =  
 y  60  180a 
 76 
a
=  15 
 
 3a 
76
Therefore G lies a from AE
15
76
GX = 8a − a
15
44
= a as required.
15

b Taking moments about the point of suspension gives:

44
M × a =λ M × 4a
15
11
λ=
15

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 16
24

Let A be the origin and let AD lie on the positive x-axis.

x l  0 0  2l   2l 
20 M  = 10 M   + M   + 2 M   + 3M   + 4 M  
y l  0  2l   2l  0
 x  1  24l 
 =  
 y  20  20l 
6 
x   l
 = 5
 y   l 
 
6
a The distance of the centre of mass from AB is l
5

b The distance of the centre of mass from BC is l.

l
tan θ =
4
l
5
5
=
4
θ = 51.340...
= 51° (to the nearest degree)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 17
25 a

8 
3  a
2x 2 a 2  3 
5a   6a 2 − a 
= 
y    2 
 a   a
3 
 19 
a
  1 3 
x
 =  
 y  5  16 a 
 
 3 
 19 
 15 a 
= 
 16 a 
 
 15 
19
The centre of mass lies a from AD.
15

b Since AB is horizontal
Taking moments about the point of suspension gives:
3 19  3
 a − a× M = a× m
2 15  2
7 3
M= m
30 2
7
m= M
45

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 18
26 a

Let the point B be the origin and let AB lie on the positive y-axis
x 0 0
500
= π   400π   + 100π  
 y 0  30 
x 1  0 
 =  
 y  500π  3000π 
0
= 
6
Therefore the centre of mass lies 6 cm from B.

10
tan θ =
24
θ = 22.619...
= 22.6° (to 1 d.p.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 19
27 a

Let A be the origin and let AB lie on the positive x-axis.

 5 
 25   x   5  25  
100 − π   y  =100  −5  − π  20 
 2     2  − 
 3π 
 125 
 500 − π
x 1 2 
  =  
 y  100 − 25 π   −500 + 500 
  
 2  6 
x  5 
 = 
 y   −6.860... 
Therefore the centre of mass lies 6.86 cm below AB.

3.1390...
tan θ =
5
θ = 32.1209...
= 32.1° (to 1 d.p.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 20
28 a

Let D be the origin and let DC lie on the x-axis.

x  2.5a   0  5a   5a 
10m  = 3m   + 4m   + m   + 2m  
y  a   2a   2a  0
 x  1  22.5a 
 =  
 y  10  13a 
 2.25a 
= 
 1.3a 
Therefore the centre of mass lies 2.25a from AD as required.

b The centre of mass lies 0.7a from AB.

0.7 a
tan θ =
0.25a
θ= 70.346...= 70° (to the nearest degree)

d Taking moments about O gives:

P × 2a= 10mg × ( 2.5a − x )
10mg × ( 2.5a − 2.25a )
P=
2a
5
= mg as required
4
2
5 
(10mg )
2
e Magnitude of force = +  mg 
4 
5 65
= mgN
4
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 21
29 a

Let A be the origin and let AD be the positive x-axis.

x 0 1.5a   3a   3a   3a  1.5a 
12m   =m   + m   + 6m   + m   + 2m   + m  
y a  2a   2a  a 0  0 
 x  1  30a 
 =  
 y  12  16a 
5 
 2 a
= 
 4 a
 
3 
5
i Therefore the centre of mass lies a from AB.
2

4
ii Therefore the centre of mass lies a from AD.
3

2
a
tan θ = 3
5
a
2
θ = 14.931...
= 14.9° (3 s.f.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 22
30 a

Let A be the origin and let AB be the positive x-axis.

1 
1   0   2l
x  l  
6m   = 2m 2 + m 1 + 3m  
y    l 1 
 0  2   l
2 
5 
x  1 l
  = 2
 y  6  2l 
 
 5 
 12 l 
= 
 1l 
 
 3 
5
i Therefore the centre of mass lies l from BC.
12

1
ii Therefore the centre of mass lies l from BA.
3
b

5
l
tan θ = 12
1
l
3
θ = 51.340...
= 50° (to the nearest degree)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 23
31 a

Let A be the origin and let AB be the positive x-axis.

x 0  3.5   5.5   2
0.225M   =0.04 M   + 0.07 M   + 0.075M   + 0.04 M  
y  2  4   2  0
x 1  0.7375 
 =  
 y  0.225  0.51 
 59 
 18 
= 
 34 
 
 15 
59
Therefore the centre of mass lies from AB.
18

b Taking moments about the point of suspension gives:

( 3.5 − x ) × M = 3.5 × kM
 59 
 3.5 − 
18 
k=
3.5
4
=
63

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 24
Challenge

1 a

Let A be the origin and let AB be the positive x-axis.

 80 
x  40   3 
5600   6400 
=  − 800  
y  −40   − 200 
 
 3 
 704000 
x 1  3 
 =  
 y  25600  − 608000 
 
 3 
 880 
 
=  21 
 − 760 
 
 21 
880
Therefore the centre of mass lies from AE.
21

b Res(↑) T1 + T2 = W (1)
Taking moments about the centre of mass gives:
880  880 
× T1 =  80 −  × T2
21  21 
880 800
T1 = T2
21 21
10
T1 = T2 (2)
11
Substituting (2) into (1) gives:
10
T2 + T2 = W
11
21
T2 = W
11
11 10
T2 = W N and T1 = W N
21 21

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 25
1 c Res(↑) T1 + T2 = W + kW (3)
Taking moments about the centre of mass gives:
880  880   880 
× T1 =  80 −  × T2 +  80 −  kW
21  21   21 
880 800 800
= T1 T2 + kW
21 21 21
10
= T1 (T2 + kW ) (4)
11
Substituting (4) into (3) gives:
10
(T2 + kW ) + T2 = W + kW
11
10 10
T2 + kW + T2 = W + kW
11 11
21 1
T=
2 W + kW
11 11
11 1
=T2 W + kW
21 21
1
= T2 W (11 + k )
21
If T2 exceeds 8W N it will snap, therefore:

1
W (11 + k ) < 8W
21
11 + k < 168
k < 157
1
=If T2 W (11 + k ) then substituting into (4) gives:
21
10   1  
=T1   W (11 + k )  + kW 
11   21  
10   11 1  
=   W + kW  + kW 
11   21 21  
10  11 22 
=  W + kW 
11  21 21 
10 20
= W + kW
21 21
If T1 exceeds 10W N it will snap, therefore:
10 20
W + kW < 10W
21 21
10 + 20k < 210
k < 10
Largest value of k is 10

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 26
 2 v 3sin kt + cos kt , t ≥ 0
=
=s ∫ ( 3sin kt + cos kt ) dt
3 1
s= − cos kt + sin kt + c (1)
k k
dv
= 3k cos kt − k sin kt
dt
dv
At t = 0, = 1.5
dt
3k cos k ( 0 ) − k sin k ( 0 ) =
1.5
3k = 1.5
k = 0.5
Substituting k = 0.5 into (1) gives:
3 1
s= − cos ( 0.5 ) t + sin ( 0.5 ) t + c
( 0.5) ( 0.5)
−6 cos ( 0.5t ) + 2sin ( 0.5t ) + c
s=
When t = 0, s = 0
( 0) =
−6 cos ( 0 ) + 2sin ( 0 ) + c
c=6
Therefore:
s= −6 cos ( 0.5t ) + 2sin ( 0.5t ) + 6
ds
= 3sin ( 0.5t ) + cos ( 0.5t )
dt
ds
At maximum value =0
dt
3sin ( 0.5t ) + cos ( 0.5t ) =0
− cos ( 0.5t ) =
3sin ( 0.5t ) = 0
sin ( 0.5t ) 1
= −
cos ( 0.5t ) 3
1
tan ( 0.5t ) = −
3
0.5t = 161.565...
t = 323.130...
= 323 s (3 s.f.)
When t = 323.130…
s= −6 cos ( 0.5 ( 323.130...) ) + 2sin ( 0.5 ( 323.130...) ) + 6
= 12.324...
= 12.3 m (3 s.f.)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 27
3 Res(→) d cos θ = ut sin θ
d cos θ
t=
u sin θ
d
t= (1)
u tan θ
1
Res(↑) −d sin θ = ut cos θ − gt 2 (2)
2
Substituting (1) into (2) gives:
2
 d  1  d 
−d sin θ u 
=  cos θ − g  
 u tan θ  2  u tan θ 
d cos θ gd 2
−d sin θ = − 2
tan θ 2u tan 2 θ
d cos θ gd 2
+ d sin θ − 2 =0
tan θ 2u tan 2 θ
 cos θ  gd 2
d + sin θ  − 2 =0
 tan θ  2u tan θ
2

 cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ  gd 2
d  − 0
=
 sin θ  2u tan θ
2 2

 1  gd 2
d  − = 0
 sin θ  2u tan θ
2 2

gd 2
d − 2u tan θ =
2 2
0
1
sin θ
gd 2 sin θ
d− 2 = 0
2u tan 2 θ
gd 2 sin θ cos 2 θ
d− =0
2u 2 sin 2 θ
gd 2 cos 2 θ
d− = 0
2u 2 sin θ
 gd cos 2 θ 
d 1 − 2 = 0
 2u sin θ 
gd cos 2 θ
d = 0 or 1 − 2 = 0
2u sin θ
gd cos 2 θ
=1
2u 2 sin θ
2u 2 sin θ
d=
g cos 2 θ
2u 2
d= tan θ sec θ as required.
g

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 28