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14 Reading Rezaeich2pt2

The document discusses key concepts in mechanics of materials including Poisson's ratio, Hooke's law, shear strain, and the relationship between modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate strain, stress, and shear force based on these fundamental relationships.

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Norbert Julius Lim
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67 views6 pages

14 Reading Rezaeich2pt2

The document discusses key concepts in mechanics of materials including Poisson's ratio, Hooke's law, shear strain, and the relationship between modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate strain, stress, and shear force based on these fundamental relationships.

Uploaded by

Norbert Julius Lim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Fourth

Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Poissons Ratio
For a slender bar subjected to axial loading:

x =

x
E

y =z = 0

The elongation in the x-direction is


accompanied by a contraction in the other
directions. Assuming that the material is
isotropic (no directional dependence),

y = z 0
Poissons ratio is defined as
y

lateral strain
=
=
= z
axial strain
x
x

17

From: Rezaei, Chapter 2, Part 2

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2-1

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Generalized Hookes Law


For an element subjected to multi-axial loading,
the normal strain components resulting from the
stress components may be determined from the
principle of superposition. This requires:
1) strain is linearly related to stress
2) deformations are small
With these restrictions:

x y z

x = +

y =
z =
18

x
E

y z
E

x y
E

z
E

From: Rezaei, Chapter 2, Part 2

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2-2

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Shearing Strain
A cubic element subjected to a shear stress will
deform into a rhomboid. The corresponding shear
strain is quantified in terms of the change in angle
between the sides,

xy = f ( xy )

A plot of shear stress vs. shear strain is similar to the


previous plots of normal stress vs. normal strain
except that the strength values are approximately
half. For small strains,

xy = G xy yz = G yz zx = G zx
where G is the modulus of rigidity or shear modulus.

19

From: Rezaei, Chapter 2, Part 2

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2-4

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Example 2.10
SOLUTION:
Determine the average angular
deformation or shearing strain of
the block.

A rectangular block of material with


modulus of rigidity G = 90 ksi is
bonded to two rigid horizontal plates.
The lower plate is fixed, while the
upper plate is subjected to a horizontal
force P. Knowing that the upper plate
moves through 0.04 in. under the action
of the force, determine a) the average
shearing strain in the material, and b)
the force P exerted on the plate.
20

Apply Hookes law for shearing stress


and strain to find the corresponding
shearing stress.
Use the definition of shearing stress to
find the force P.

From: Rezaei, Chapter 2, Part 2

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2-5

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Determine the average angular deformation


or shearing strain of the block.
xy tan xy =

0.04 in.
2 in.

xy = 0.020 rad

Apply Hookes law for shearing stress and


strain to find the corresponding shearing
stress.

xy = G xy = 90 103 psi (0.020 rad ) = 1800 psi

Use the definition of shearing stress to find


the force P.
P = xy A = (1800 psi )(8 in.)(2.5 in.) = 36 103 lb
P = 36.0 kips

21

From: Rezaei, Chapter 2, Part 2

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2-6

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Relation Among E, , and G

An axially loaded slender bar will


elongate in the axial direction and
contract in the transverse directions.
An initially cubic element oriented as in
top figure will deform into a rectangular
parallelepiped. The axial load produces a
normal strain.
If the cubic element is oriented as in the
bottom figure, it will deform into a
rhombus. Axial load also results in a shear
strain.
Components of normal and shear strain are
related,
E
= (1 + )
2G
22

From: Rezaei, Chapter 2, Part 2

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2-7

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