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Types of Educational Technology

Educational technology has three forms: 1) Hardware Approach which uses machines like projectors, computers and TVs to teach more students in less time. 2) Software Approach which uses psychological principles of teaching and learning rather than machines. 3) Systems Approach known as management technology which helps study educational administration scientifically to make the system more effective and less costly.

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12K views2 pages

Types of Educational Technology

Educational technology has three forms: 1) Hardware Approach which uses machines like projectors, computers and TVs to teach more students in less time. 2) Software Approach which uses psychological principles of teaching and learning rather than machines. 3) Systems Approach known as management technology which helps study educational administration scientifically to make the system more effective and less costly.

Uploaded by

tariqghayyur2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instructor: Tariq Saleem Ghayyur Course: Teaching Strategies and Educational

Technology

Types or Educational Technology


As Lumsdane suggests, educational technology has the following three forms
1. Hardware Approach.
2. Software Approach.
3. System Approach.
1. Hardware Approach. The use of engineering machines in teaching is called Educational
Technology-1. It is to be remembered that physical science and engineering technology have
given birth to Educational Technology-1. Davis has said clearly that Educational Technology1 or Hardware Approach is the application of physical science in education and teaching with
which the teaching process is being mechanised gradually so that maximum pupils may be
educated in minimum time and at low cost.
Educational Technology includes cinema, gramophone, radio tape-recorder, projector,
computer, closed circuit television (CCTV) and electronic video-tape etc., all the teaching
machines the use of which makes the teaching more and more effective in order to achieve
the teaching objectives. It has already been mentioned that the human knowledge has three
aspects. These are(1) Preservation (2) Transmission, and (3) Development.
It should be remembered that the history of preservation of the knowledge is believed to exist
since the printing machines started. The knowledge is preserved with these machines in the
form of books which are shelved in the Libraries. Not only this, now we see that the
knowledge is also preserved through tape-recorder and films in addition to books.
The second aspect of human knowledge is its expansion or transmission. A teacher can impart
knowledge himself to his pupils but such direct benefitters happen to be small in number.
Now a days, transmission or expansion of the knowledge is supported by machine like mike,
radio and television etc.
With these, thousands of pupils enjoy this home-delivery of such benefits. In this way, due to
educational technology-1, surprising changes have occurred in the process of education. The
correspondence courses and open-university are the gifts of educational technology.
The third aspect of the human knowledge is its development. For this aspect, provisions are
made for research work. In the research programmes, the main function is the collection and
analysis of data. For this purpose, presently the researcher uses the electric machines and
computers. Hence, all the three aspects of knowledge allow the use of machines.
In short, now the teaching process has been mechanised. This mechanisation of teaching
process is termed as Educational Technology-1 or Hardware Approach.
Software Approach. Educational Technology-2 or Software Approach is also named as
Instructional Technology or Teaching Technology or Behavioural Technology. It must be
remembered that Educational Technology-2 does not allow the use of engineering machines.
However, psychological principles of teaching and learning are utilized so that desirable
changes in the behaviour of the pupils may be brought about. If the machines are even used,
this is done only to make the subject-matter effective. Hence, the Educational Technology-2
is concerned with the teaching objectives in behavioural terms, principles of teaching,
methods of teaching and techniques, reinforcement of instructional-system, feed-back devices
and evaluation.
In nut-shell, in Educational Technology-2 or Software Approach, it is tried to develop all the
three aspects i.e. Input, Process and Output.
The above description makes it clear that the Educational Technology-1 or Hardware
Approach means the use of machines in teaching, while Educational Technology-2 or
Software Approach means the use of teaching and learning principles. In this way, there is
close relationship between Educational Technology 1 and 2.
3. Systems Approach. Educational Technology-3 or System Analysis is also known as
Management Technology. It was developed after World War-II. It has provided a scientific

Instructor: Tariq Saleem Ghayyur Course: Teaching Strategies and Educational


Technology

basis to the decision-making regarding the problems associated with administration,


management, commerce, industry and army. Remember that Educational Technology-3 helps
to study the problems of educational administration and management in a scientific and
conclusive way. By using it, we can make the educational system, educational administration
and management effective. In short, Educational Technology-3 helps in the development of
educational administration and formulation of instructional out-line. By using it educational
system, educational administration and management can be made more effective and less
costly. Hence, these days the educational technology-3 occupies an important place in the
field of teaching.
The above description makes it clear that the Educational Technology-1 or Hardware
Approach means the use of machines in teaching, while Educational Technology-2 or
Software Approach means the use of teaching and learning principles. In this way, there is
close relationship between Educational Technology 1 and 2.
3. Systems Approach. Educational Technology-3 or System Analysis is also known as
Management Technology. It was developed after World War-II. It has provided a scientific
basis to the decision-making regarding the problems associated with administration,
management, commerce, industry and army. Remember that Educational Technology-3 helps
to study the problems of educational administration and management in a scientific and
conclusive way. By using it, we can make the educational system, educational administration
and management effective. In short, Educational Technology-3 helps in the development of
educational administration and formulation of instructional out-line. By using it educational
system, educational administration and management can be made more effective and less
costly. Hence, these days the educational technology-3 occupies an important place in the
field of teaching.

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