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Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

The document discusses volumes obtained by rotating a region bounded by a curve about an axis. It provides the general formula for finding such volumes using cylindrical shells. Several examples are worked out applying this formula to find the volume of solids obtained by rotating regions bounded by various curves about different axes.

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Aneesh Amitesh Chand
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131 views7 pages

Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

The document discusses volumes obtained by rotating a region bounded by a curve about an axis. It provides the general formula for finding such volumes using cylindrical shells. Several examples are worked out applying this formula to find the volume of solids obtained by rotating regions bounded by various curves about different axes.

Uploaded by

Aneesh Amitesh Chand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section 7.

3 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

Volumes by Cylindrical Shells


Let S be the solid obtained by rotating about the y-axis the region bounded by y = f (x) [where f is
continuous and f (x) 0], y = 0, x = a, and x = b, where b > a 0.

The volume of the solid in the figure above, obtained by rotating about the y-axis the region under the
curve y = f (x) from a to b, is
V =

2xf (x)dx where 0 a < b

The best way to remember the above formula is to think of a typical shell, cut and flattened as in the
figure below, with radius x, circumference 2x, height f (x), and thickness x or dx:
Z b
(2x) [f (x)] dx
| {z } | {z }
a
circumference

height

EXAMPLE: Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the y-axis the region bounded by
y = 2x2 x3 and the x-axis.
1

Section 7.3 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

EXAMPLE: Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the y-axis the region bounded by
y = 2x2 x3 and the x-axis.

Solution: We have
2(radius)(height) = 2 x (2x2 x3 ) = 2(2x3 x4 )

Note that 2x2 x3 = 0 if x = 0, 2. Therefore


V =

2
3

2(2x x )dx = 2

x4 x5

(2x x )dx = 2
2
5
3

2
0

16
5

EXAMPLE: Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the y-axis the region bounded by
y = (x 1)(x 3)2 and the x-axis.

Section 7.3 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

EXAMPLE: Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the y-axis the region bounded by
y = (x 1)(x 3)2 and the x-axis.

Solution: We have
2(radius)(height) = 2 x (x 1)(x 3)2 = 2(x4 7x3 + 15x2 9x)
Note that (x 1)(x 3)2 = 0 if x = 1, 3. Therefore
Z 3
V =
2(x4 7x3 + 15x2 9x)dx
1

= 2

x5 7x4
9x2
(x 7x + 15x 9x)dx = 2

+ 5x3
5
4
2
4

3
1

24
5

EXAMPLE:
Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the x-axis the region bounded by

3
y = x, x = 8 and the x-axis.

Section 7.3 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

EXAMPLE:
Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the x-axis the region bounded by

y = 3 x, x = 8 and the x-axis.

Solution 1 (Discs): We have


A(x) = (x1/3 )2 = x2/3
therefore
V

A(x)dx =
0

8
2/3

x2/3+1
dx =
2/3 + 1

Solution 2 (Shells): We have


y=

8
0

3
= x5/3
5

8
0

3
96
= 85/3 =
5
5

x = x = y 3

hence
2(radius)(width) = 2 y (8 y 3 ) = 2(8y y 4 )

Note that 8y y 4 = 0 if y = 0, 2. Therefore


V =

2
4

2(8y y )dy = 2

y5
(8y y )dy = 2 4y
5
4

2
0

96
5

EXAMPLE:
Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the line x = 6 the region bounded
by y = 2 x 1 and y = x 1.

Section 7.3 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

EXAMPLE:
Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the line x = 6 the region bounded
by y = 2 x 1 and y = x 1.

Solution 1 (Shells): We have

2(radius)(height) = 2 (6 x) (2 x 1 x + 1)

= 2(x2 7x + 6 + 12 x 1 2x x 1)

Note that 2 x 1 = x 1 if x = 1, 5. Therefore


Z 5

V =
2(x2 7x + 6 + 12 x 1 2x x 1)dx
1

= 2

5
1

(x2 7x + 6 + 12 x 1 2x x 1)dx

x3 7x2
4
4
= 2

+ 6x + 8(x 1)3/2 (x 1)3/2 (x 1)5/2


3
2
3
5
=

272
15
5

5
1

Section 7.3 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

Solution 2 (Discs): We have

y2
y = 2 x 1 = x =
+1
4
y =x1

hence
2
2
A(y) = Rbig
Rsmall

Note that

= x = y + 1

!
2

 2
y
2
2
2
+1
[6 (y + 1)]
= (Rbig
Rsmall
) =
6
4
!

2
y2
2
=
5
(5 y)
4


1 4 7 2
=
y y + 10y
16
2

y2
+ 1 = y + 1 if y = 0, 4. Therefore
4
4

 5
Z 4
Z 4 
1 4 7 2
272
y
7y 3
2
V =
A(y)dy =

=
y y + 10y dy =

+ 5y
16
2
80
6
15
0
0
0

EXAMPLE: Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the line y = 1 the region bounded
by x = (y 2)2 and y = x.

Section 7.3 Volumes by Cylindrical Shells

2010 Kiryl Tsishchanka

EXAMPLE: Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the line y = 1 the region bounded
by x = (y 2)2 and y = x.

Solution: We have
2(radius)(width) = 2 (y + 1) (y (y 2)2 ) = 2(y 3 + 4y 2 + y 4)
Note that (y 2)2 = y if y = 1, 4. Therefore
Z 4
V =
2(y 3 + 4y 2 + y 4)dy
1

= 2

4
1

(y 3 + 4y 2 + y 4)dy

y 4 4y 3 y 2
+
4y
= 2 +
4
3
2
=

63
2

4
1

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