Development Communication

Solved MCQs

1) Development support communication is based on which of the following?

i) Intrapersonal communication
ii) E-mails
iii) Cultural based communication
iv) Social Constructs
2) The roots of the modern western concept of development can be traced back from:
i) Ancient Greece history
ii) Ancient Egypt history
iii) Ancient Roman history
iv) Ancient Islamic history
3) Farm Radio Forums was founded in which of the following country?
i) America
ii) France
iii) Canada
iv) England

4) Which of the following was presumed to equate to Westernization?

i) Transformation
ii) Revolution
iii) Modernization
iv) Insurrection
5) In the new view of development, communication is:
i) An important catalyst for change
ii) An important cause of change
iii) The only catalyst of change
iv) Not important in bringing change
6) What is the correct sequence of Lass well formula?
i) Who says what, through which channel, with what effect.
ii) Through which channel, who, says what, to whom, with what effect.
iii) Who, says what, to whom, through which channel, with what effect
iv) Says what, who, to whom, through which channel, with what effect.
7) Which of the following are two decoding skills according to David Berlo?
i) Listening and reading

ii) Speaking and listening

iii) Speaking and writing
iv) Listening and writing
8) In which of the following year UNFPA allocated 17 percent of its resources for communication and
education programmes?
i) 1990
ii) 1992
iii) 1995
iv) 2000
9) Which of the following is sufficient to address communication problems?
i) Media buying
ii) Media training
iii) Development Communication
iv) Propoganda
10)Which of the following tool is used for audience segmentation, to identify perceived benefits, build
programme brand and create demand in the process of change through communication?
i) Mass Media
ii) Folk Media
iii) Social Mobilization
iv) Social marketing
11) The effects of __________ cause the city to become 2 to 10o F warmer than surrounding landscapes.
i) Modernization
ii) Industrialization
iii) Urbanization
iv) Globalization
12) The construction of new towns by the Housing Development Board of Singapore is an example of:
i) Planned urbanization
ii) Unplanned urbanization
iii) Collision of nations
iv) Urban designing

13)In transistor radios there is ___________ of communication.

i) One-way flow
ii) Two-way flow
iii) Three-way flow
iv) Tetra-way flow
14)According to Everett M Rogers, which of the following is an engine of change from the traditional to the
modern society?
i) Development Journalism
ii) Development Communication
iii) Development Support Communication
iv) Public service broadcasting

15)All are the characteristics of Development Journalism, except:

i) Inclusion of hitherto unheard voices
ii) Cultural identity and community
iii) Journalistic agency or free will
iv) Good programming
16) Which of the following refer to the organized efforts to use communication process and media to bring

social and economic improvement, generally in developing countries?

i) Development Communication
ii) Development Support Communication
iii) Lasswell Formula
iv) Community Journalism
17)In the SMCR model, what is S?
i) Specialty
ii) Source
iii) Start
iv) Sender

18)Rogers Innovation Decision Process theory states that diffusion of innovation is a process that occurs
over time through five stages. Which one is the first stage?
i) Knowledge
ii) Persuasion
iii) Decision
iv) Implementation
19)All are among the five stages of the process of Diffusion of Innovation stated by Roger Except:
i) Socialization
ii) Knowledge
iii) Persuasion
iv) Decision
20) Who among the following defined development communication as "A process of dialogue, information

sharing, mutual understanding and agreement, and collective action"?

i) National Book Foundation
ii) Rockefeller Foundation
iii) Mckee Foundation
iv) World Development Foundation
21) According to Michael Lipton, the most important class conflict in the poor countries of the world today

exists between:
i) Labor and Capital Class
ii) Foreign and National Interests
iii) Rural and Urban Class
iv) Elite and Middle Class
22) In Asia, One of the fastest rates of industrialization occurred in the late 20th century across four countries

which are known as:

i) The Asian Tigers

ii) The Asian Devils

iii) The Asian Lions
iv) The Asian Gorillas
23) According to Lerner, the interaction between __________can make people in Third World countries break

out of the bonds of traditionalism and adopt modernizing values and practices.
i) Literacy and mass media
ii) Democracy and Urbanization
iii) Government and People
iv) Industrialization and rural development
24)A significant part of implementing development journalism emphasizes on framing audiences as:
i) Consumers
ii) Citizens
iii) Commodities
iv) Emotional Fools
25)Which of the following theory dominates the early generation of development communication studies?
i) Socialization
ii) Modernization
iii) Post modernization
iv) Development
26)GNP stands for what?
i) Gross National Product
ii) Greater Nottingham Partnership
iii) Grand Nationwide Partnership
iv) Grand Nation Presentation
27)Which of the following phenomena is considered to be a product of Technology and Capital?
i) Industrialization
ii) Communism
iii) Localization
iv) Religious extremism
28) The last step of Rural Development Campaigns is

i) Formulation of specific objectives aimed at solving a significant problem

ii) Systematic monitoring and evaluation
iii) Focus on a few critically important messages
iv) Planning the entire process

29) Which of the following is true about Development support communication?

i) It has specific goals.
ii) It has general goals.
iii) It has universal goals.
iv) It has diversified goals.
30) Which of the following view considers communication as a source of power and oppression of individuals

and social groups in the communication theory framework?

i) Systemic
ii) Critical
iii) Mechanistic
iv) Psychological
31)The practice of Development Support Communication is a __________ process.
i) Multi-sectoral
ii) Uni-sectoral
iii) Bi-sectoral
iv) Tri-sectoral
32)Which of the following country made an experimental satellite communication project to bring
informational television programs?
i) Maldives
ii) Indonesia
iii) Malaysia
iv) India
b) , pioneered in Brazil has demonstrated some success in disseminating pro-social messages.
i) Radio
ii) Television
iii) Telenovela
iv) Internet

33)According to David Berlo, there are _________ verbal communication skills.

i) Three
ii) Five
iii) Two
iv) Ten
34) Who presented SMCR model?
i) Lasswell
ii) David Berlo
iii) E. Roger
iv) Dr. Mahboob ul Haq

35) United Nations mandated _________ as the principal organization to be responsible for communication.

i) UNESCO
ii) UNICEF
iii) WTO
iv) WHO
36)In the late 1960s, ___________ ruled intellectual definitions and discussions of development.
i) Dependency paradigm
ii) Dominant paradigm
iii) Modernization paradigm
iv) Developmental paradigm
37)

Development communication refers to the combination of actions by:

i) Government
ii) Donors
iii) Civil Society
iv) All of the given options

38) _____________ in development communication is decisive for behavioral change.

i) Intrapersonal communication
ii) Interpersonal communication
iii) Meta communication
iv) Non verbal communication
39) Which of the following city is American grid system of development?
i) Chicago
ii) New York
iii) California
iv) Washington
40) The effects of __________ cause the city to become 2 to 10 o F warmer than surrounding

landscapes.
i) Modernization
ii) Industrialization
iii) Urbanization
iv) Globalization
41) The construction of new towns by the Housing Development Board of Singapore is an
example of:
i) Planned urbanization
ii) Unplanned urbanization
iii) Collision of nations
iv) Urban designing
42) Which of the following refers to the process by which an innovation is communicated through
certain channels over time among the members of a social system?
i) Globalization
ii) Demotion
iii) Diffusion
iv) Modernization

43) Which of the following paradigm of development communication stressed on the transfer of
technology and socio-political culture of modernity from the developed North to the Third World?
i) Development Paradigm
ii) Dominant Paradigm
iii) Modernization Paradigm
iv) Dependency Paradigm
44)

Community-based dangue prevention in Lahore is an example of __________.

i) Media Advocacy
ii) Development Communication
iii) Community Empowerment
iv) Social Marketing

45) All are the characteristics of Development Journalism, except:

i) Inclusion of hitherto unheard voices
ii) Cultural identity and community
iii) Journalistic agency or free will
iv) Good programming
46) Which of the following refer to the organized efforts to use communication process and media to

bring social and economic improvement, generally in developing countries?

i) Development Communication
ii) Development Support Communication
iii) Lasswell Formula
iv) Community Journalism
47) Rogers Innovation Decision Process theory states that diffusion of innovation is a process that

occurs over time through five stages. Which one is the first stage?
i) Knowledge
ii) Persuasion
iii) Decision
iv) Implementation
48) Who among the following defined development communication as "A process of dialogue,

information sharing, mutual understanding and agreement, and collective action"?

i) National Book Foundation
ii) Rockefeller Foundation
iii) Mckee Foundation
iv) World Development Foundation
49) Which of the following theory dominates the early generation of development communication

studies?
i) Socialization

ii) Modernization
iii) Post modernization
iv) Development
50) As per modernization theory, which of the following was viewed as the bottleneck that
prevented the adoption of modern attitudes and behavior for the sake of development?
i) Culture
ii) Information
iii) People
iv) Media
51)

Development policies of the 1950s and 1960s paid little attention to the:
i) Equality of development benefits
ii) Growth of development projects
iii) Implementation of development projects
iv) None of the given options

52) As per Rogers Model of Diffusion of Innovation, the third world countries population is placed in

the category of Laggards. Which means that?

i) They are slow to adopt any change
ii) They do not take any time to adopt a change
iii) They never adopt any change
iv) They adopt the change if there are financial incentives
53)Over the last few years urbanization of rural areas has:

i) No change
ii) Increased
iii) Decreased
iv) Slow down
54)What is Not true for public service broadcasting?
i) Universal appeal
ii) Attention to minorities
iii) National identity & community
iv) Focus on rural (remotest) areas

55)The roots of the modern western concept of development can be traced back from:
i) Ancient Greece history
ii) Ancient Egypt history
iii) Ancient Roman history
iv) Ancient Islamic history
56) Which of the following view considers communication as a source of power and oppression of individuals

and social groups in the communication theory framework?

i) Systemic

ii) Critical
iii) Mechanistic
iv) Psychological
57) Which of the following country made an experimental satellite communication project to bring

informational television programs?

i) Maldives
ii) Indonesia
iii) Malaysia
iv) India
58)In the new view of development, communication is:
i) An important catalyst for change
ii) An important cause of change
iii) The only catalyst of change
iv) Not important in bringing change
59)When did David Berlo presented his SMCR model?
i) 1980
ii) 1965
iii) 1960
iv) 1970
60)Which of the following are two decoding skills according to David Berlo?
i) Listening and reading
ii) Speaking and listening
iii) Speaking and writing
iv) Listening and writing
61)According to World Bank, __________, if used correctly, can help increase workers productivity, make
governments and companies more flexible, and improve decision-making?
i) Information technology
ii) Man power
iii) Economic policies
iv) Nuclear technology
62)Which of the following tool is used for audience segmentation, to identify perceived benefits, build
programme brand and create demand in the process of change through communication?
i) Mass Media
ii) Folk Media
iii) Social Mobilization
iv) Social marketing

63)The ultimate objective of development communication is to improve opportunities for _________ and
access to information.
i) International dialogue
ii) Bilateral dialogue
iii) Community dialogue
iv) National dialogue
64) Development communication refers to the combination of actions by:
i) Government
ii) Donors
iii) Civil Society
iv) All of the given options

65)

How is empowerment measured?

i) By delayed effects
ii) By social diffusion model
iii) By developing and refining indicators
iv) By changing the social norms

66)

Public service broadcasting is inherited from which of the following model?

i) BBC model
ii) SMCR model
iii) Linear model
iv) Circular model

67)

In transistor radios there is ___________ of communication.

i) One-way flow
ii) Two-way flow
iii) Three-way flow
iv) Tetra-way flow

68) What type of change is involved in development in which new ideas are introduced into a social

system in order to produce higher per-capita incomes and levels of living through more modern
production methods and improved social organization?
i) Social
ii) Material
iii) Economical
iv) Behavioral
69)

The primary focus of FAO's work in communication for development lies in _____________.
i) Rural areas
ii) Urban areas
iii) Metropolitan level
iv) Municipal level

70) Community-based dangue prevention in Lahore is an example of __________.

i) Media Advocacy
ii) Development Communication
iii) Community Empowerment
iv) Social Marketing
71)

Research in urban ecology finds that larger cities provide __________.

i) More specialized goods and services
ii) Economies draw back
iii) Environment pollution
iv) Lack of transportation facilities

72) According to Everett M Rogers, which of the following is an engine of change from the
traditional to the modern society?
i) Development Journalism
ii) Development Communication
iii) Development Support Communication
iv) Public service broadcasting
73)A Channel is ________________ in the process of communication.

i) A vehicle used to deliver a message

ii) An audience preference
iii) Part of a cable system
iv) A package of information
74) Who among the following defined development communication as "A process of dialogue,

information sharing, mutual understanding and agreement, and collective action"?

i) National Book Foundation
ii) Rockefeller Foundation
iii) Mckee Foundation
iv) World Development Foundation
75) According to Michael Lipton, the most important class conflict in the poor countries of the world

today exists between:

i) Labor and Capital Class
ii) Foreign and National Interests
iii) Rural and Urban Class
iv) Elite and Middle Class
76) The phenomenon of upper and middle class people moving out of cities and into the suburbs is

known as:
i) White Flight
ii) City Flight
iii) Local Flight
iv) Red Flight
77) In Asia, One of the fastest rates of industrialization occurred in the late 20th century across four

countries which are known as:

i) The Asian Tigers
ii) The Asian Devils
iii) The Asian Lions
iv) The Asian Gorillas
78) Which of the following approach to development communication is associated with the
elevation of the aspirations of the newly independent nations of the Third World for political,
economic and cultural self-determination and an ideological distancing from Western forms of
modernization?
i) Dependency-dissociation Approach
ii) Functionalist Approach
iii) Modernization Approach
iv) None of the given options
79) From which of the following perspectives, communication was understood as a linear,
unidirectional process in which senders send information through media channels to receivers?
i) Transmission/persuasion
ii) Knowledge-transfer
iii) Behavioral change
iv) Psycho analytical
80)

Which of the following phenomena is considered to be a product of Technology and Capital?

i) Industrialization
ii) Communism
iii) Localization
iv) Religious extremism

81)What is Not true for public service broadcasting?

i) Universal appeal
ii) Attention to minorities
iii) National identity & community
iv) Focus on rural (remotest) areas

. Which of the following is not a tool of Interpersonal communication?

Visioning sessions
Discussion and debate
Focus group discussions
Poster and banners
Which of the following does not come under the category of Group Media
tools?
Photography, drawings, flip charts
Posters and banners
Video recordings
Theatre
Which of the following come under the category of Group media tools?
Audio recordings
Songs, music, sayings, stories
Role playing
Rural radio
Which of the following is best suitable approach for development
communication campaign in rural area?
Participatory approach
Social marketing approach
Isolation approach
Integral approach
Local press comes under which of the following category?
Group media tool
Traditional media tool
Interpersonal communication tools
Mass media
Workshops and Exhibitions come under which of the following category?

Group media tool

Traditional media tool
Interpersonal communication tools
Mass media
PRA Techniques come under which of the following category?
Group media tool
Traditional media tool
Interpersonal communication tools
Mass media
Which of the following measures development in economic terms?
Dominant paradigm
Alternative paradigm
Social responsibility theory
Dependency theory
Dominant paradigm of development was generally thought to be valid or at least
not questioned until when?
1970
1980
1990
2000
Which of the following remains the most widely available and affordable mass

medium for disadvantaged groups?

Radio
Multimedia
Slide tape programmes
Tele text
Which of the following is the Common misconception about the role of
communication in development?
Information is enough to change behavior.
Unrealistic expectations about time of effects.
Communication is only necessary for a short period of time.
Media training is sufficient to address communication problems.
Combination of actions by governments, donors, and civil society. It refers to
which of the following key approaches?

Focus on individual and contextual factors

Integrate top-down and bottom-up approaches
Have a tool-kit approach
Combine media and interpersonal communication
Social mobilization is used for which of the following purposes?
To bolster participation from a variety of organizations and
support outreach efforts.
To identify perceived benefits, build program brand and create demand.
To gain support from governments and donors and to put issues in the
public agenda.
To reach large populations, particularly during emergencies
All of the following are the tools of traditional media, EXCEPT?
Story telling
Songs
Theatre
Slideshows
All of the following are the mass media tools, EXCPT?
Rural Radio
Television
Discussion and Debate
Internet
6. Popular/folk media implicit to be less effective to generate dialogue and activate
information networks.
False
7. Combining media and interpersonal communication stimulates social networks
and peer conversation.
True
8. Development Communication can not utilize interpersonal channels.
False
9. Interpersonal Communication is very important for behavioral change.
True
10. Participatory rural appraisal techniques fall under the category of interpersonal
communication tools.
True

At the heart of industrialization were technology and capital, which substituted for
labor.
Technology
Capital
Both technology and capital
None of the given options
-------------- paradigm/s rest on the premise of (limitless) economic growth.
Neo traditional
Neo marxist and neo classical
Technological
Global
During the 1970s new discourse/s of Sustainable development emerged which

appeared to challenge the dominant paradigm

Sustainable development
Limited development
Technology
All of the given options
4. In the field of development, (WID) approach refers to --------------.
Women integrated development
Western independent development
Women in development
None of the given options
5. In the late 1960s and the 1970s world events, combined with intellectual critiques,

began to crack the credibility of the dominant paradigm.

Dominant paradigm
Alternative development paradigm
New paradigm of development
Global development paradigm
6. Which one is not among the five freedoms of Amartya Sens concept of development?

Political freedom
Economic facilities
Choices and capabilities
Social opportunities
7. The year 1760 is generally accepted as the eve of ------------.
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
Elite Revolution
Good Will Revolution
8. Dominant paradigm uses --------------------- communication to spread development.
Top Down
Horizontal
Bottom to Top
None of the given options
9. Dominant put its focus on the -------------- development.
Spiritual
Human
Material
None of the given options
10. In the early 1970s, modernization theory was the dominant paradigm of the
development communication.
2007
1970
1870
1800

Summative evaluation is done --------------- of the implementation of the programme.

At the start
At the end
During the designing
None of the given options
2. The kinds of approaches to evaluation based on the intentions of the evaluator are
----------------------.
Process vs. Outcomes

Internal vs. external

Formative vs. summative
None of the given options
3 ------------------ is the process of exchange of information between two points usually via a common
system of symbols
Communication
Development
Development journalism
None of the given option
4. The aim of development communication is to find strategies --------------------.
For mobilizing people
For mobilization of resources
For development goals
All of the given options
5. The term "Development Communication" was coined by-----------------.
David Marshal
Nora C. Quebral
Dr. Beire
Alfonso Gumucio
6. A ----------------- is someone who engages either deliberately or whose behavior results in
social, cultural or behavioral change.
Laggard
Adopter
Change agent
None of the given options
7. The study of the diffusion of innovation is the study of ----------------- new ideas and technology
spread through cultures.
How
Why
At what rate
All of the given options
8. -------------- is the material in the message that was selected by the source to express his/her
purpose.
Content
Code
Channel
Treatment
9. Multimedia consists of -------------.
Audio
Video

Graphics and text

All of the given options
Two decoding skills in SMCR model are -------------------.
Listening and reading
Reading and writing
Listening and writing
Listening and writing
Posters are the part of
Audio material
Visual material
Audio video material
None of the given options
2. Talk boards are.
Posters with words
Posters without words
Video stories
All of the given options
3. Radio remains the most widely available and affordable mass medium for disadvantaged groups.
Radio
Multimedia
Slide tape programmes
Tele text
4. Community radio is a type of radio service that caters to the interests of a certain area,
broadcasting material that is popular to --------------- but is overlooked by more powerful broadcast
groups.
International audience
local audience
journalists
none of the given options
5. A ------------------ is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications
or reconnaissance using radio at microwave frequencies.
Intelligent telephone
Broadcast tele-text
Video text
Communication satellite
6. Slide tape programmes use sound effects to enhance the effectiveness of the message.
True

False
7. Theater is a form of development communication projection.
True
False
8. Community radio helps the neglected communities to be heard and to participate in
development processes within societies.
True
False
9. Multimedia do not combines audio, video, graphics and text.
True
False
10. Video text is a two way interactive system that links computer data bases to television sets.
True
False

Behaviour change model has been the dominant paradigm in the field of
-------------------Development communication
Development Support communication
Development Journalism
None of the given options
2. ------------------ was viewed as the bottleneck that prevented the move into a modern stage.
Technology
Culture
Government
Mass media
3. The media were ----------------- of modernization.
Channels
Indicators
Both Channels and Indicators
Neither Channel nor indicators
4. The ----------------- models implicitly assumed that the knowledge of the governments and agencies
was correct.
Lasswell communication
Top down approach of persuasion
Bottom up approach of persuasion

None of the given options

5. Participatory theories criticized the modernization theory on the ground that it promoted a
---------------------- view of development.
Top down
Ethnocentric
Paternalistic
All of the given options
6. Luis Ramiro Beltran Says that the solution of underdevelopment problems was essentially
informational rather than merely political.
True
False
7. Communication initiatives should make use of all media channels available, both modern and
traditional.
True
False
8. Community radio does not enable neglected communities, such as women, to be heard and to
participate in democratic processes within societies.
True
False
9. Dependency theorists argued that the problems of underdevelopment were internal to Third
World countries and were not determined by external factors and the way former colonies were
integrated into the world economy.
True
False
10. Entertainment- education is concerned with social change at individual level only.
True
False

At the heart of industrialization were technology and capital, which substituted for labor.
Technology
Capital
Both technology and capital
None of the given options
2. -------------- paradigm/s rest on the premise of (limitless) economic growth.
Neo traditional
Neo marxist and neo classical
Technological

Global
3. During the 1970s new discourse/s of Sustainable development emerged which appeared to
challenge the dominant paradigm
Sustainable development
Limited development
Technology
All of the given options
4. In the field of development, (WID) approach refers to --------------.
Women integrated development
Western independent development
Women in development
None of the given options
5. In the late 1960s and the 1970s world events, combined with intellectual critiques, began to crack
the credibility of the dominant paradigm.
Dominant paradigm
Alternative development paradigm
New paradigm of development
Global development paradigm
6. Which one is not among the five freedoms of Amartya Sens concept of development?
Political freedom
Economic facilities
Choices and capabilities
Social opportunities
7. The year 1760 is generally accepted as the eve of ------------.
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
Elite Revolution
Good Will Revolution
8. Dominant paradigm uses --------------------- communication to spread development.
Top Down
Horizontal
Bottom to Top
None of the given options
9. Dominant put its focus on the -------------- development.
Spiritual
Human
Material

None of the given options

10. In the early 1970s, modernization theory was the dominant paradigm of the development
communication.
2007
1970
1870
1800

-------------------------- is source-oriented because the communicator does not care about the needs
and level of his/her targets.
Development Support Communication
Communication
Development Communication
Development Journalism
In 1975 and 1976, an experimental satellite communications project called----------------------was
used to bring informational television programs to rural India.
SEEN
SITE

SETELLITE
SETUP
World agriculture produces ---------- more calories per person today than it did 30 years ago,
despite a 70% population increase
17%
30%
71%
03%
The United Nations pledged in 1990 to halve the number of people suffering from hunger by
-------------------.
2001
2000
2015
2007
A simple theoretical construction in our minds representing some reality that exits is called ----------------.

Model
Sculpture
Theory
Hypothesis

Aristotelian model of communication is the model of ------------ times.

Medieval
Classical Greek
Modern
Post Modern

Who presented the basic model of linear communication?

Harold Lasswell
Everett Roger
Osgold
Berlo
SMCR model is presented by
Harold Lasswell
Everett Roger
Osgold
Berlo
----------------------is the art and science of human communication linked to a society's planned
transformation from a state of poverty to one of dynamic socio-economic growth that makes for
greater equity and the larger unfolding of individual potential.
Development Communication
Development Support Communication
Development Journalism
Development Process

The element of feedback is not included in ------------------ model of communication.

Lasswell
Berlo
Shannon and Weaver
Roger and Dearing