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Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test Synchronous Machine

This experiment aims to determine the regulation of a synchronous machine by performing open and short circuit tests. In the open circuit test, the armature voltage is plotted against field current at rated speed. In the short circuit test, armature current is plotted against field current under shorted conditions. From these plots, the synchronous impedance can be estimated to calculate the machine's regulation at rated kVA output and various power factors. The MMF method is also used to determine regulation by considering armature reaction effects. Analysis of the tests may reveal approximations in each regulation determination method and how load current affects the alternator's internal field conditions.

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319 views2 pages

Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test Synchronous Machine

This experiment aims to determine the regulation of a synchronous machine by performing open and short circuit tests. In the open circuit test, the armature voltage is plotted against field current at rated speed. In the short circuit test, armature current is plotted against field current under shorted conditions. From these plots, the synchronous impedance can be estimated to calculate the machine's regulation at rated kVA output and various power factors. The MMF method is also used to determine regulation by considering armature reaction effects. Analysis of the tests may reveal approximations in each regulation determination method and how load current affects the alternator's internal field conditions.

Uploaded by

lanjapuka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test

on a

Synchronous Machine
1

Aim of the Experiment

The aim of this experiment is to determine the regulation of a synchronous machine.


The open and short circuit tests provide a means to estimate the regulation.

Background

The regulation of an alternator describes the extent to which the terminal voltage
of the machine working as a generator would change with load, if it is working as
a standalone generator. The regulation also reflects the magnitude of the internal
impedance of the machine and the extent of armature reaction that can exist in the
machine. In the case of a grid connected machine, the terminal voltage is constant
if the grid may be assumed to be infinite. However, if the machine has to trip on
any condition, then the regulation would indicate the extent to which the terminal
voltage could rise upon load throw off.
In this experiment, the regulation is to be determined by three approaches viz., the
synchronous impedance method, MMF method, and by direct loading.

Procedure

The alternator has to be run by a dc machine. The dc machine therefore acts as a


motor and the synchronous machine as a generator. The circuitry required to run the
dc machine as a motor is already familiar to you by now.

3.1

Open Circuit Test

This test is to determine the open circuit characteristic of the synchronous machine.
This characteristic is a plot between the armature voltage (line) of the synchronous
machine and its field current, for constant (rated) speed. What are the ratings of the
alternator in your setup? The line voltage may be varied upto 125% of the rated
value.

Note that the curve is to be obtained from zero field current (of the alternator). As
the field current is increased from zero, the speed may drop and hence the dc machine
has to be adjusted to maintain rated speed.

3.2

Short Circuit Test

In this case, the alternator is operated under short circuit. The short circuit characteristic describes the variation between field current and armature current at rated
speed under short circuit conditions. Here, short circuit refers to a short of all three
terminals.
Here again, the field current has to be varied (with the armature shorted) from zero
to value which passes the rated armature current through the short circuit.

Calculations

Plot the open circuit and short circuit characteristics of the machine under test.
Estimate the synchronous impedance and hence determine the regulation of the machine for rated kVA output at various power factors (-0.5 to +0.5).
Determine the regulation of the machine at rated kVA and various power factors
using the mmf method. The armature resistance of the machine may be measured
by doing a dc measurement suitably.

Points to Ponder
1. Is there any approximation in the determination of regulation by synchronous
impedance method? If so, what?
2. Is there any approximation in the determination of regulation by the MMF
method? If so, what?
3. What are the effects of load current on the field conditions inside the alternator?
4. Why could the speed change while determining the OCC?

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