CLIMATIC INFORMATION

for

BUILDING DESIGN IN CANADA

SUPPLEMENT No. 1 TO THE

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
OF CANADA

Issued by the

ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OTTAWA, CANADA .

Price 25 cents

NRC No. 11153

Copyright NRC-CNRC

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

ASSOCIATE COMMITTEE ON THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
1968-1970

R. F. Legget (Chairman)

G.C. Lount

D.C. Beam

I. Maclennan

J.D. Beaty

D.A. Matheson

R.A. Bird

H.H.G. Moody

S.D.C. Chutter

A.T. Muir

W.G. Connelly

L.P. Picard

R.F. DeGrace

K.R. Rybka

H.B. Dickens (Vice Chairman)

S.A. Sasso*

A.F. Duffus

R.A.W. Switzer

3.5. Dussault

I.Campbell (ex off icio)

W.R. Edmonds*

C.D. Carruthers (ex officio)

H. Elder

P. Dobush (ex officio)

J.L. Jolicoeur

C.G.E. Downing

H.A. Lawless

T.R. Durley (ex officio)

L.A. Kay (ex officio)

R.S. Ferguson ( Research Advisor)

J.M. Robertson (Secretary)

"Deceased

Copyright NRC-CNRC

CLIMATIC INFORMATION FOR

BUILDING DESIGN IN CANADA
SUPPLEMENT No. 1
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE O F CANADA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

.....................
July Design Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heating Degree-Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rainfall Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

January Design Temperatures

...........................
Annual Total Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Snow Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wind Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permafrost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seismic Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
One-Day Rainfall

I
'icio)

Table of Design Data for Selected Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chart No
1 and 2

3 and 4

10

11

11

11

12

Page

11

38

Copyright NRC-CNRC

NOTES

Copyright NRC-CNRC

CLIMATIC INFORMATION
for

BUILDING DESIGN IN CANADA

by
Donald

W.

Boyd

(D.O.T. Meteorologist with DBRINRC)

A joint contribution from the Meteorological Branch, Department of Transport, and the

Division of Building Research, National Research Council.

The great diversity of climate in Canada has a considerable effect on the performance of
buildings, and consequently the design of buildings should reflect this diversity. The purposes of
this handbook are: firstly, by means of maps, to indicate the variability and general distribution
of earthquake intensity, permafrost, and those climatic elements that are most frequently considered in building design; secondly, to explain briefly how the design weather values are computed; and, thirdly, to present recommended design data for a number of cities and towns and
smaller populated places. It is not practical to list values for all municipalities but recommended
design weather data for any location in Canada can be obtained by writing to the Secretary,
Associate Committee on the National Building Code, National Research Council, Ottawa.
The choice of climatic elements that are included in this handbook and the form in
which they are expressed has been dictated largely by the requirement for specific values in
several sections of the National Building Code of Canada. A few additional charts are included.
The following notes explain briefly the significance of these particular elements in building
design and indicate what observations were used and how they were analysed to yield the
required design values. To select design values for other locations in Canada, the observed or
computed values of each element for specific observation stations were plotted on maps to the
scale of one inch to 100 miles or 1 in 5,000,000. Isolines were drawn on these working charts to
show the distributions of the design values. The charts in this handbook have been reduced
from the working charts, but these small copies are not intended as a source of design values.
In the Table, design weather data are listed for over 600 locations, which have been
chosen for a variety of reasons. Incorporated cities and towns with populations of over 5,000
have been included unless they are close to other larger cities. For sparcely populated areas
many smaller towns and villages have been listed. The design weather data for weather stations
themselves are the most reliable and hence these stations have often been listed in preference
to locations with somewhat larger populations. A number of requests for recommended design
weather data for other locations have been received and where most of the elements were estimated these were also added to the list. The tabulated values are those recommended by the
Associate Committee on the National Building Code and are not necessarily the same as those
used in local bylaws. In some cases the values obtained from the large-scale charts have not been
rounded off, for reasons explained later. Some municipalities may wish to round off these
values in their bylaws.
Neither the charts nor the list of design values should be expected to give a complete
picture of the variations of these climatic elements. If application is made t o the Secretary as
mentioned above then values will be estimated for any location not included in the Table using
the list of observed or computed values for weather stations, the large-scale manuscript charts
and any more recent information that is available. In the absence of weather observations at any
particular location, a knowledge of the local topography may be important. For example, cold
air has a tendency t o collect in depressions, precipitation frequently increases with elevation,
and winds are generally stronger near large bodies of water. These and other relationships affect
the corresponding design values, and will be taken into consideration where possible in answering inquiries.

Copyright NRC-CNRC

All the weather records that were used in preparing the charts were, of necessity,
observed at inhabited locations, and hence the charts apply only t o populated areas. This is particularly significant in mountainous areas where the lines on the charts apply only to the populated valleys and not to the mountain slopes and high passes, where, in some cases, very different
conditions are known t o exist.

JANUARY DESIGN TEMPERATURES (CHARTS 1 AND 2)

A building and its heating system should be designed t o maintain the inside temperature
at some predetermined level. To do this it is necessary t o know the most severe weather conditions under which the system will be expected t o function satisfactorily. Failure t o maintain the
inside temperature at the predetermined level will usually not be serious if the temperature
drop is not great and if the duration is not long. The outside conditions used for design should,
therefore, not be the most severe in many years, but should be the somewhat less severe conditions that are occasionally but not greatly exceeded.
Winter design temperature is based on an analysis of winter air temperatures only. Wind
and solar radiation also affect the inside temperature of most buildings but there is no convenient
way of combinating their effects with that of outside air temperature. Some quite complex
methods of taking account of several weather elements have been devised and used in recent years
but the use of average wind and radiation conditions is usually satisfactory for design purposes.
The choice of a method t o determine the winter design temperature depends to some
extent on the form of the available temperature records. In Canada, hourly temperatures in
degrees Fahrenheit for ten successive years were available on punched cards for over 100 stations,
and from these cards it was possible t o obtain frequency distributions. The winter design temperature is defined, therefore, as the lowest temperature at or below which only a certain small
percentage of the hourly outside air temperatures in January occur. The Climatology Division,
Meteorological Branch, Department of Transport, prepared tabulations showing the number of
hours in January in the ten years from 195 1 t o 1960 inclusive in which the temperature fell in
each of over 50 twodegree intervals. From this it was possible t o select the twodegree interval
below which only a small number of temperatures fell. T o find the required temperature to the
nearest degree an interpolation rule was devised based on the normal distribution. Using this rule
it was possible to select the temperature below which 1 per cent or 2% per cent of the January
temperatures fell.
Tabulations and January design temperatures for 118 stations were obtained. The temperatures were plotted on maps and used t o estimate design temperatures for the other stations in
the Table. Since the pattern of January design temperature charts is similar t o that of mean
annual minimum temperature charts, the latter chart in the Atlas of Canada (1) influenced the
pattern of these January design temperature charts in the Far North where hourly temperature
observations are scarce.
Most of the design temperatures on the 2% per cent chart in the Prairie Provinces and
British Columbia are 5 to 10 degrees higher than they are on the corresponding chart by Thomas
in the 195 3 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (2). Each chart is based on temperatures for only a 10-year period: the 1953 chart o n the period from 1941 t o 1950 and the
current chart on the period from 1951 t o 1960. The differences emphasize the statistical
inadequacy of a 10-year period, but unfortunately tabulations of hourly temperature distributions for longer periods are not available. The earlier period includes the unusually cold January
of 1950 when the average temperature in the four western provinces ranged from 12 to 32
degrees below normal. By omitting this exceptional month it is thought that the present values
will more nearly describe a typical winter. A more recent tabulation of hourly temperature distributions for all months for the 10-year period 1957 t o 1966 has been published for 83 weather
stations (3). The earlier tabulation for 35 more stations is still the best basis for a consistent
set of design temperatures but the more recent tabulation could provide design temperatures
for other months besides January.
In most cases the temperatures observed at airports have had t o be used and no adjustments have been made to allow for the city effect. The January winter design temperatures are
not reliable to within one degree, but the differences between the 1 and 2% per cent values

Copyright NRC-CNRC

(which average about four degrees) are more reliable. The design temperatures, therefore, are
listed to the nearest degree as an indication of these differences.
The 2% per cent January design temperature is the value ordinarily used in the design of
heating systems. In special cases when the control of inside temperature is more critical, the 1
per cent value may be used.
JULY DESIGN TEMPERATURES (CHARTS 3 AND 4)
Lture
bndi1 the
lture
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; rule
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amas
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o 32
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e disather
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ijustare
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:S

A building and its cooling and dehumidifying system should be designed t o maintain the
inside temperature and humidity at certain predetermined levels. To do this it is necessary to
know the most severe weather conditions under which the system will be expected t o function
satisfactorily. Failure t o maintain the inside temperature and humidity at the predetermined
levels will usually not be serious if the increases in temperature and humidity are not great and if
the duration is not long. The outside coilditions used for design should, therefore, not be the
most severe in many years, but should be the somewhat less severe conditions that are occasionally but not greatly exceeded.
The summer design temperatures in this supplement are based on an analysis of July air
temperatures and humidities only. Wind and solar radiation also affect the inside temperature
of most buildings and may in some cases be of more importance than the outside air temperature. It seems, however, that no method of allowing for variations in radiation has yet become
generally accepted. When requirements have been standardized it may be possible to provide
more complete weather information for summer conditions but in the meantime only dry-bulb
and wet-bulb design temperatures can be provided.
The frequency distributions of combinations of dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures for
each month from June t o September have been tabulated for 33 Canadian weather stations by
Boughner (4). If the summer dry-bulb and wet-bulb design temperatures are defined as the temperatures that are exceeded 2% per cent of the hours in July, then design values can be obtained
directly for these 33 stations.
As mentioned above, the pattern of January design temperature is similar to that for the
mean annual minimum. In the same way, the pattern of July design temperature is much like
that of the mean annual maximum. Crow (5) used these similarities as a basis for computing
design temperatures for places in the U.S.A. for which only daily maximum and minimum
temperatures were observed. The July dry-bulb design temperatures for the 33 Canadian stations
were subtracted from the mean annual maximum temperatures (for the same period of years)
and the differences plotted on a map. The differences are all between 3 and 11 degrees. With
this small range, the 33 stations seem to be enough to establish differences (within an accuracy
of about one degree) for any location. Mean annual maxima based on the period 1921 to 1950
were available for about 170 locations. For these, the differences were read or estimated from
the map and July dry-bulb design temperatures obtained. These 170 stations were used to
prepare Chart 3 from which values were estimated for about 450 additional locations. A more
recent tabulation of hourly temperature distributions for all months for the 10-year period 1957
to 1966 has been published for 83 weather stations (3). The 170 stations used for Chart 3 are
probably still the best basis for a consistent set of design temperatures but the more recent
tabulations could provide design temperatures for other months besides July.
The July wet-bulb design temperatures for the 33 stations were plotted directly on a map.
The range from 62 t o 75 (excluding Yukon and NWT) is a little more than for the dry-bulb
differences, but is still small enough to yield reasonably accurate wet-bulb design temperatures.
The northern part of the chart was not drawn in because data are very sparse and because cooling
and dehumidifying are seldom needed in that area. July 2% per cent wet-bulb design tempsratures values were read from the map for all locations with dry-bulb design values of 75 F
or higher.
In many cases the temperatures observed at airports have had t o be used and no adjustments have been made t o allow for the city effect.
The summer design temperatures are not reliable to within one degree although they have
been estimated and tabulated t o the nearest degree.

Copyright NRC-CNRC

HEATING DEGREE-DAYS (CHART 5)

It has long bee9 known that the amount of fuel or energy requ%ed to keep the interior of
a building at about 70 F whenJhe outside air temperature if below 65 F is roughly proportional
to the difference between 65 F and the outside temperature. Wind speed and solar radiation,
and the extent to which a building is exposed to these elements, also affect the heat required,
but there is no convenient way of combining these effects. For average wind and radiation conditions, however, the proportionality with the temperature difference still holds and hence the
heating degreedays are based on temperature alone.
Since the fuel required is also proportional to the duration of cold weather, a convenient
meJhod of combining these elements of temperature and time is to add the differences between
65 F ando the mean temperatures for every day in the year when the mean temperature is
below 65 F.dt is assumed that no heat is required when the mean outside air temperature for
the day is 65 F or higher.
Daily degreedays have been computed for many years at Victoria, Winnipeg, Toronto
and Halifax. The values given in the Table for these four cities are the average annual totals for
the 30-year period from 1931 to 1960.
Daily degreedays are not available for the full 30-year period for other stations. An
approximate but reasonably accurate method of obtaining degreedays from monthly mean
temperatures was devised by Thom (6). This method was used by Thomas and Boyd (7) in
1956 to compute normal monthly and annual degreeday totals based on the period 1921 to 1950,
which were used as a basis for the map in the 1961 Supplement. In 1964 an electronic computer
at the National Research Council Computation Centre was used to compute monthly and annual
degree-days for over 600 stations based on the period 1931 to 1960 (8). The annual totals were
plotted on a map (Chart 5) and used to estimate values for locations without weather stations.
Computed values are shown in the Table to the nearest unit as computed but should not be
relied on to within less than 100 to 150 degreedays. Values read from the manuscript chart are
to the nearest 100 degreedays.

RAINFALL INTENSITY (CHART 6)

Roof drainage systems are designed to carry off the rainwater from the most intense
rainfall that is likely to occur. A certain amount of time is required for the rainwater to flow
across or down the roof before it enters the gutter or drainage system. This results in the
smoothing out of the most rapid changes in rainfall intensity. The drainage system, therefore,
need cope only with the flow of rainwater produced by the average rainfall intensity over a
period of a few minutes which can be called the concentration time.
In Canada, it has been customary to use the 15-minute rainfall that will probably be
exceeded on the average once in ten years. The concentration time for small roofs is much less
than 15 minutes and hence the design intensity will be exceeded more frequently than once in
ten years. The safety factors included in the tables in Part 7 of the National Building Code, will
probably reduce the frequency to a reasonable value and, in addition, the occasional failure of
a roof drainage system will not be particularly serious in most cases.

Chart 6 is a revision of the corresponding charts by Thomas (2) and by Bruce (9).which
show the 15-minute rainfall, in inches, that will probably be exceeded on the average once in
ten years. As Bruce explained, there were available to him only nine locations in Canada with
recording rain gauge observations covering a reasonable length of time. From these he computed
the 15-minute, ten-year, rainfall. Bruce also computed the maximum 6-hour rainfall expected
once in ten years for 85 locations and used the ratios of 15-minute to 6-hour rainfalls at six
stations where both were available to estimate the 15-minute value for the other locations. Rainfall intensities for some locations in northern Canada estimated by the United States Weather
Bureau and the latest rainfall intensity figures for cities in the United States near the Canadian
border were also used. Since the publication of his paper Bruce has analysed the rainfall
records from several additional stations and these have been used in redrawing the chart.
-- ..- - -

It would be very difficult to estimate the pattern of rainfall intensity in British Columbia
where precipitation is extremely variable. Along the coast an attempt has been made, based on
reports from Victoria and Vancouver and a few stations in the State of Washington. In the

Copyright NRC-CNRC

or of
ional
tion,
ired,
cone the
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Neen
re is
e for
onto
Is for

nean
7) in
.950,
~uter
~nual
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ions.
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interior of British Columbia, the value of 0.6 inch based on a seven-year record from Penticton
is the only available indication of the intensity for all the valleys in the southeastern part of the
Province. In the Fraser Valley and further north, the value may be slightly smaller.
ONE-DAY RAINFALL (CHART 7)
If, for any reason, a roofdrainage system becomes ineffective, the accumulation of rainwater may be great enough in some cases to cause a significant increase in the load on the roof.
Although the period during which rainwater may accumulate is unknown, it is common
practice to use the maximum one-day rainfall for estimating the additional load.
For most weather stations in Canada the total rainfall for each day is published. The
maximum "oneday" rainfall (as it is usually called) for several hundred stations has been
determined and published by the Climatology Division (10). Since these values are all for
predetermined 24-hour periods, beginning and ending at the same time each morning, it is
probable that most of them have been exceeded in periods of 24 hours including parts of two
consecutive days. The maximum "24-hour" rainfall (i.e. any 24-hour period) according to
Hershfield and Wilson is, on the average, about 113 per cent of the maximum "oneday"
rainfall (1 1).
Most of the rainfall amounts that were used in preparing Chart 7 were based on reports
covering between 20 and 30 years. These maximum values differ greatly within relatively small
areas where little difference would be expected. The variable length of records may account for
part of this variability which might be reduced by an analysis of annual maxima instead of
merely selecting the maximum in the period of record. Whatever the reason, the variability
has necessitated a considerable amount of smoothing in drawing the chart and hence the
isolines do not in all cases agree with the observed maximum oneday rainfalls. The tabulated
values are intended to be representative of the immediate area, and therefore include some local
variations which cannot be shown on the small-scale chart.
ANNUAL TOTAL PRECIPITATION (CHART 8)

tense
flow
1 the
(fore,
ver a
ly be
h less
.ce in
, will
xe of

The total amount of precipitation that normally falls in one year is frequently used as a
general indication of the wetness of a climate. As such it is thought t o have a place in this handbook. Total precipitation is the sum in inches of the measured depth of rainwater and one tenth
of the measured depth of snow (since the average density of fresh snow is about one tenth that
of water).
The average annual total precipitations for the 30-year period from 1921 to 1950 were
used in preparing Chart 8. The values were selected from a list of precipitation normals prepared
by the Climatology Division (12). All stations with records for the full 30 years were plotted on
the map or compared with nearby stations that had already been plotted to ensure consistency.
Many adjusted values were used in areas where unadjusted 30-year values were not available. The
corresponding chart in the Atlas of Canada (1) was used for reference.
SNOW LOADS (CHART 9)

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with
luted
xted
it six
Rainather
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:hart.
imbia
ed on
n the

The roof of a building should be able to support,the greatest weight of snow that is likely
to accumulate on it. Some observations of snow loads on roofs have been made in recent years,
but they are not sufficiently numerous to form the basis for a snow load chart. Similarly, observations of the weight or water equivalent of the snow on the ground are not sufficient for such
a chart. Although the roof load and water equivalent observations are necessary (as mentioned
below) the chart must be based on the more numerous observations of the depth of snow on
the ground.
The estimation of the design snow load on a roof from snow depth observations involves
the following steps:
1. The depth of snow on the ground which will be equalled or exceeded once in 30 years,
on the average, is computed.
2. A density is assumed and used to convert snow depths to loads.
3. An adjustment is added to allow for the increase in the load caused by rainwater
absorbed by the snow.
Copyright NRC-CNRC

4. Because the accumulation of snow on roofs is often different from that on the ground,
certain adjustments should be made to the ground snow load t o provide a design snow
load on a roof.
These steps are explained in more detail in the following paragraphs.
The annual maximum depths of snow on the ground for periods ranging from 10 to 18
years were available for over 200 stations. These data were assembled and analysed using
Gumbel's extreme value method as explained by Boyd (13). The resulting chart showed the
distribution in Canada of the snow depth which will probably be equalled or exceeded on the
average once in 30 years, or which has a probability of 1in 30 of being exceeded in any one year.
The specific gravity of old snow generally ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 times that of water. It
is usually assumed in Canada that 0.1 is the average specific gravity of new snow. The 30-year
maximum snow depth will almost certainly occur immediately after an unusually heavy snowfall and hence a large proportion of the snow cover will have a low density. It therefore seemed
reasonable to assume a mean specific gravity under these unusual circumstances of about 0.2
for the whole snow cover. In practice it is convenient to assume that one inch of snow cover
corresponds to a load of exactly one pound per square foot. This corresponds to a specific
gravity of 0.192, the value which was used in preparing the Chart.
Because the heaviest loads in Canada frequently occur when early spring rain adds to an
already heavy snow load, it was considered advisable to increase the snow load by the load of
rainwater that it might retain. It is convenient to use the maximum oneday rainfall in the
period of the year when snow depths are greatest. Boyd has explained how a 2- or 3-month
period was selected (13).
The results from several winters of a survey of snow loads on roofs indicated that
average roof loads were generally much less than loads on the ground. The conditions under
which the design snow load on the roof may be taken as 80 or 60 per cent of the ground snow
load are given in Section 4.1 of the National Building Code 1965. The Code also permits further
decreases in design snow loads for steeply sloping roofs, bur requires substantial increases for
roofs where snow accumulation may be more rapid. Recommended adjustments are given in
Supplement No. 4 to the National Building Code, Canada, 1970.
Chart 7 shows the general distribution of snow loads on the ground, that is, the load due
to snow which will be exceeded on the average once in 30 years, plus the load due to the
maximum oneday rainfall in the late winter or early spring. Values of the snow loads on the
ground were read from the large-scale original of Chart 7 and are listed in the Table. The snow
loads are tabulated in whole pounds per square foot but are not reliable to this accuracy.
Charts on such a small scale as those in this Supplement cannot show local differences in
the weather elements, even where these are known to exist. All the weather obse.wations used
in preparing Chart 7 were, of necessity, taken at inhabited locations, and hence the charts apply
only to permanently populated areas. This is particularly significant in mountainous areas where
the lines on the chart apply only to the populated valleys and not to the mountain slopes,
where, in some cases, much greater snow depths are known to accumulate and must be taken
into account in the design of roofs.

WIND EFFECTS (CHART 10)

All structures should be built to withstand the pressures and suctions caused by the
strongest gust of wind that is likely to blow at the site in many years. For many buildings this
is the only wind effect that needs to be considered, but tall or slender structures should also be
designed to limit their vibrations to acceptable levels. Wind induced vibrations may require
several minutes to build up to their maximum amplitude and hence wind speeds averaged over
several minutes or longer should be used for design. The hourly average wind speed is the value
available in Canada.
The provision of "velocity pressures" for both average wind speeds and gust speeds for
estimating pressures, suctions and vibrations involves the following steps:
1. The annual maximum hourly wind speeds were analysed to obtain the hourly wind
speeds that will have one chance in 10, 30 and 100 of being exceeded in any one year.

Copyright NRC-CNRC

mnd,
snow

to 18
using
d the
In the
year.
ter. It
)-year
snow:emed
lt 0.2
cover
lecific
to an
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n the
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1 that

under
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urther
es for
ven in
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to the
)n the
: snow
uracy.
lces in
s used
apply
where
;lopes,
taken

by the
~ g this
s
also be
require
:d over
e value
reds for
y wind
le year.

2. An average air density was assumed in order to compute the "velocity pressures" for the
hourly wind speeds.
3. A value of two was assumed for the "gust effect factor" to compute the "velocity
pressures" for the gust speeds.
The actual wind pressure on a structure increases with height and varies with the shape of
the structure. The factors needed to allow for these effects are tabulated in Section 4.1 of the
National Building Code of Canada 1970 and in Supplement No. 4. The other three steps are
discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs.
Until recently the only wind speed record kept at a large number of wind-measuring
stations in Canada was the number of miles of wind that pass an anemometer head in each hour,
or the hourly average wind speed. Many stations are now recording only spot readings of the
wind speed each hour and these may have to be used for design at some future time. For the
present, however, the older hourly mileages are the best data on which to base a statistical
analysis. The annual maximum hourly mileages for over 100 stations for periods from 10 to 22
years were analysed using Gumbel's extreme value method to estimate the hourly mileages
that would have one chance. in 10,30 and 100 of being exceeded in any one year. The "1 in 30"
hourly mileages were used to prepare Chart 10.
Values of the "1 in 30" hourly mileages for the additional 500 locations in the Table
could have been estimated from the large-scale original of Chart 10. However, to ensure consistency with the wind gust speeds published in earlier editions of this supplement it was necessary
to compute hourly mileages from the published gusts using the equation:
where V is the hourly mileage and G is the gust speed in miles per hour. This equation was
based on a comparison of over 1500 hourly mileages of 30 miles or over (as recorded by cup
anemometers) with the corresponding maximum gust speeds (as recorded by Dines pressure tube
anemometers).
Values of the hourly mileages for annual probabilities of 1/10 and 1/100 were readily
computed for the 100 stations in the original Gumbel analysis. For the other 500 locations it
was necessary to estimate the value of the parameter l/a which is a measure of the dispersion
of the individual annual maximum hourly mileages. To do this the 100 known values were
plotted on a large scale map from which estimates were made for the other locations. Knowing
the "1 in 30" hourly mileages and the values of l / a , the "1 in i O " and "1 and 100" values
could be computed.
Pressures, suctions and vibrations caused by the wind depend not only on the speed of
the wind but also on the air density and hence on the air temperature and atmospheric pressure.
The pressure, in turn, depends on elevation above sea level and varies with changes in the
weather systems. If V is the design wind speed in miles per hour, then the velocity pressure, P,
in pounds per square foot is given by the equation:
where C depends on air temperature and atmospheric pressure as explained in detail by Boyd
(14). The value 0.0027 is within 10 per cent of the monthly average value of C for most of
Canada in the windy part of the year. This value (0.0027) has been used to compute all the
velocity pressures corresponding to the hourly mileages with annual probabilities of being
exceeded of 1/lo, 1/30 and 11100. The pressures are shown in the Table in columns headed only
by the numerical values of these probabilities.
In the 1970 edition of the National Building Code the design gust pressures for structural
elements are twice the hourly mileage pressures. Because wind speeds are squared to get pressures,
the above statement is equivalent to saying that the gust factor is the square root of two. The
table below shows that the 1970 requirements increase the wind loads by less than 8 per cent
over those of 1965 computed from gusts given by the equation:

Copyright NRC-CNRC

For buildings over 40 feet high, the gust velocity pressures and suctions must be increased
according to a table in Section 4.1 of the National Building Code 1970 which is based on the
assumption that the gust speed increases in proportion to the one-tenth power of the height.
The average wind speeds used in computing the vibrations of a building are more dependent on
the roughness of the underlying surface. A method of estimating their dependence on roughness
and height is given in Supplement No. 4.
The calculations for building vibrations in Supplement No. 4 have been drawn up for
wind speeds measured in feet per second. The table below may be used for converting the
wind pressures in the main Table to wind speeds in feet per second. It is based on the equation:

P
vsf

Copyright NRC-CNRC

:ased
1 the
:ight.
t on
mess
for
the
:ion:

PERMAFROST (CHART 11)

The lines on Chart 11 indicate the approximate southern limit of permafrost and the
boundary between the discontinuous and continuous permafrost zones in Canada. The distribution of permafrost varies from continuous in the north t o discontinuous in the south. In the
continuous zone permafrost occurs everywhere under the ground surface and is generally
hundreds of feet thick. Southward, the c~ntinuuuszone gives way gradually to the discontinuous
zone where permafrost exists in combination with some areas of unfrozen material. The discontinuous zone is zne of broad transition between continuous permafrost and ground having
no permafrost. In this zone, permafrost may vary from a widespread distribution with isolated
patches of unfrozen ground t o predominantly thawed material containing islands of ground
that remain frozen. In the southern area of this discontinuous zone, permafrost occurs as
scattered patches and is only a few feet thick.
It is emphasized that the lines on this map must be considered as the approximate location of broad transition bands many miles wide. Permafrost also exists at high altitudes in the
mountains of Western Canada a great distance south of the southern limit shown on the map.
Information on the occurrence and distribution of permafrost in Canada has been compiled by
the Division of Building Research, National Research Council (15, 16).
SEISMIC ZONES (CHART 12)
The parameter used as the basis for establishing the seismic zones is A100 defined as the
ground acceleration with an annual probability of being equalled or exceeded of 1 in 100 (17).
This map is based on the statistical computer analysis of past earthquakes throughout the
country for this century. It is corroborated by the results from a larger but less reliable seismic
sample dating back t o 1638 (18). The map reflects the opinion of experts in the fields of
seismology, geology, and engineering from industry, government and universities comprising
members'of the Canadian National Committee on Earthquake Engineering and various relevant
committees responsible t o the Associate Committee on the National Building Code.
The zones and their respective R-factors are shown in the table on Chart 12. The zone
boundaries in terms of A100 are shown in Table 2 of the Commentary on Loads Due t o
Earthquakes (17).
In the Arctic Region and other parts of the Northwest Territories, there are insufficient
data for a statistical study. The zone boundaries have been drawn by the Seismologists of the
Department of Energy, Mines and Resources from their knowledge of earthquake activity in
these areas.
REFERENCES
(1) "ATLAS OF CANADA-, Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys, Geographical Branch,
Ottawa 1957.
(2) THOMAS,
"Climatological Atlas of Canada". National Research Council, Division
of Building Research, and Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch. Ottawa $953.
NRC No. 3151.
Also in "National Building Code of Canada 1953, Part 2: Climate", National Research
Council, Assoc. Committee on the National Building Code. Ottawa 1953. NRC No. 3 188.
Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, various
(3) "HOURLYDATA SUMMARIES-.
dates from May 1967 t o December 1968.
(4) BOUGHNER,C.C. "Percentage Frequency of Dry- and Wet-bulb Temperatures from June
to September at Selected Canadian Cities." Dept. of Transport, Canadian Meteorological
Memoirs, No. 5, Toronto, 1960.
(5) CROW, L.W. "Study of Weather Design Conditions for American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Airconditioning Engineers, Inc." Research Project No. 23, January 31,
1963.
(6) %OM, H.C.S. "The Rational Relationship between Heating Degree-Days and Temperature". Monthly Weather Review. Vol. 82, No. 1, p. 1 4 , Jan. 1954.
(7) THOMAS, M K and D.W. BOYD. "Standard Period Heating Degree-Day Normals".
Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, CIR-2849, CLI-16, Dec. 1956.

Copyright NRC-CNRC

"Heating Degree-Day Normals below 6 5 ' ~- Based on the Period 1931-1960." Dept. of
Transport, Meteorological Branch, Climatic Data Sheets No. 5-64, October 30, 1964.
BRUCE, JQ. "Rainfall Intensity - Duration - Frequency Maps for Canada". Dept. of
Transport, Meteorological Branch, CIR-3243, TEC-308, Aug. 1959.
"Maximum Precipitation Reported on any One Observation Day 1931-1958". Dept. of
Transport, Meteorological Branch, Climatic Data Sheets No. 9-59, Oct. 1959.
~ R S H F I E L DDM.
,
and W.T. WILSON. "Generalizing of Rainfall - Intensity - Frequency Data". International Association of Scientific Hydrology, General Assembly,
Toronto, 1957, Vol. 1, p. 499-506.
"Temperature and Precipitation Normals for Canadian Weather Stations Based on the
Period 1921-1950". Dept. of Transport, Meteorological Branch, CIR-3208, CLI-19,
June 1959.
BOYD, D.W. "Maximum Snow Depths and Snow Loads on Roofs in Canada". Proceedings, 29th Annual Meeting, Western Snow Conference, Spokane, Wash., April 1961.
BOYD, D.W. "Variations in Air Density over Canada". National Research Council,
Division of Building Research, Technical Note No. 486, June 1967.
"Permafrost Map of Canada" (a joint production of the Geological Survey of Canada and
DBRINRC). August 1967 - NRC 9769.
BROWN, R J E "Permafrost Map of Canada". Reprint from Canadian Geographical
Journal, February 1968, pp. 56-63 - NRC 10326.
RH. FERAHIAN,"Commentary on Loads due to Earthquakes", Supplement No. 4 to
the National Building Code 1970.
W.G. MILNE and k G . DAVENPORT,"Distribution of Earthquake Risk in Canada",
Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 729-754, April 1969,
also Fourth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile, January,
1969.

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Frebly,
the
-19,
eed361.

and

CHARTS 1 to 12

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Copyright NRC-CNRC

Trail ........................
Ucluelet ..................
Vancouver ................

3
27
19

-2
26
15

91
66
78

Vernon ...................
Victoria ....................
Williams Lake ..........
Youbou ....................

-5
23
-23
22

-10
20
-28
20

LLbert a
Athabaska ................
Banff ........................
Beaverlodge ..............
Brooks ....................
Calgary.....................

-32
-22
-35
-26
-25

Campsie ..................
Camrose ..................
Cardston ..................
Claresholm ..............
Cold Lake ................

68
66

6711
6000
5515

0.6
0.5
0.3

2.5
5.5
4.5

24
106
57

62
40
34

4.9
11.3
9.3

6.7
8.9
13.2 15.4
11.5 14.1

0
4
4

91
76
87
87

69
62
67
65

7420
5579
9300
6200

0.6
0.2
0.4
0.4

2.0
3.5
2.0
4.5

16
26
18
65

41
25
44
50

6.6
9.9
6.2
9.6

8.2
12.1
7.3
11.5

10.1
14.5
8.6
13.7

1
4
1
4

-37
-26
41
-31
-29

82
81
82
90
85

67
64
64
67
64

11493
10551
10682
9700
9703

0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.9

3.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5

17
18
17
13
17

40
56
47
20
19

6.4
8.1
5.7
8.2
8.3

7.8
9.4
6.9
9.9
9.7

9.4
11.0
8.4
12.0
11.3

0
0
0
0
0

-30
-28
-24
-26
-33

-35
-33
-29
-31
-38

82
85
85
85
83

66
67
65
65
68

11019
10500
8863
9400
11800

0.8
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.6

4.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
3.0

18
15
18
17
17

42
27
30
15
41

6.6
4.5
15.5
13.7
6.5

8.2 10.1
6.1
8.1
19.3 24.0
16.6 20.0
7.8
9.2

0
0
0
0
0

Coleman ..................
Coronation ..............
Cowley ....................
Drumheller ..............
Edmonton ................

-25
-24
-26
-25
-26

-30
-28
-31
-29
-29

83
87
84
86
83

65
67
65
66
67

9400
10624
9446
10200
10268

0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.9

4.0
2.5
3.5
2.5
4.0

20
14
19
14
18

45
30
37
21
27

11.2
4.9
15.2
6.6
6.6

14.4 18.2
6.7
8.9
19.0 23.5
8.2 10.1
8.5 10.7

0
0
0
0
0

Edson .......................
Embarras Portage ....
Fairview ..................
FortSaskatchewan ..
Fortvermilion ........

-30
43
-38
-27
-42

-35
47
43
-30
46

83
82
80
83
84

64
66
65
67
65

10837
13700
11307
10800
13113

0.6
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.3

3.0
2.5
2.0
4.0
2.5

20
15
18
18
13

46
32
44
30
50

7.6
6.4
5.5
6.6
4.5

8.9
7.8
6.7
8.2
5.5

10.5
9.4
8.1
10.2
6.6

0
0
0
0
0

Grande Prairie ..........

Habay ......................
Hardisty....................
High River ................
Jasper ......................

-37
42
-27
-25
-28

43
45
-31
-29
-32

81
84
87
84
84

64
65
67
64
64

11129
12900
10900
9752
10112

0.6
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.4

3.0
2.5
2.5
5.0
3.0

18
14
14
20
14

46
50
25
38
52

7.7
4.2
5.0
10.6
7.6

9.2
5.0
6.7
12.6
8.9

10.9
6.0
8.8
15.0
10.4

0
0
0
0
0

KegRiver ................
Lac la Biche ..............
Lacombe ..................
Lethbridge ..............
McMurray ................

40
-32
-28
-24
-39

44
-38
-33
-31
42

83
83
86
88
84

65
67
66
66
67

12500
11256
10527
8644
12462

0.4
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.6

2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5

15
17
18
17
16

52
40
30
22
42

4.1
6.5
4.9
13.4
6.5

5.0
7.8
6.5
16.0
7.8

6.1
9.2
8.4
19.0
9.2

0
0
0
0
0

Manning....................
Medicine Hat ............
Peace River ...............
Penhold ..................
Pincher Creek ..........

-39
-26
-37
-28
-26

43
-30
43
-33
-31

82
93
80
85
85

65
69
65
65
65

12100
8852
11700
10602
9198

0.5
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.5

2.0
3.0
2.0
4.0
3.5

14
14
13
16
21

50
27
47
30
37

4.5
8.2
4.9
6.5
14.7

5.5
10.2
6.1
7.8
18.3

6.7
12.5
7.4
9.3
22.6

0
0
0
0
0

Ranfurly ..................
Red Deer ..................
Rocky Mountain Haute
SlaveLake ................
Stettler ....................

-30
-28
-25
-34
-27

-35
-33
-28
40
-32

86
86
83
81
87

67
65
64
66
66

10964
10302
10167
11385
10243

0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7

3.5
4.5
4.0
3.0
3.0

17
16
23
18
16

31
30
41
42
25

4.9
6.5
5.5
5.8
5.0

6.1
7.8
6.7
7.1
6.7

7.5
9.3
8.1
8.6
8.8

0
0
0
0
0

Suffield ....................
Tabe~
........................
Turner Valley............
Valleyview ................
Vegreville..................

-26
-25
-25
-36
-29

-31
-31
-29
42
-33

92
89
83
81
85

69
67
64
65
67

9820
8703
10445
11200
11000

0.5
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.7

2.5
3.0
4.0
2.0
3.5

13
15
23
18
17

22
22
35
44
31

9.0 11.0 13.3

12.0 14.4 17.2
10.7 12.6 14.9
7.4
8.9 10.8
5.3
6.7
8.4

0
0
0
0
0

Vermilion ................
Wagner......................
Wainwright ..............
Wetaskiwin ..............
Whitecourt ..............
Wirnborne ................

-31
-34
-28
-27
-32
-26

-36
40
-32
-31
-38
-30

86
81
86
85
82
85

68
66
67
66
65
65

11253
11316
11000
10383
11229
10300

0.6
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.7

3.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
3.5

17
17
15
17
21
17

28
43
26
28
48
27

4.8
5.8
5.1
5.0
6.7
6.4

5.9
7.1
6.7
6.7
8.2
7.8

Copyright NRC-CNRC

7.2
8.6
8.6
8.7
10.1
9.4

0
0
0
0
0
0

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS

Battrum...................
Biggar ......................
Broadview................
Dafoe .....................

-26
-29
-29
-32

-30
-33
-33
-38

89
88
85
84

70
69
72
70

9900
10805
1 1 147
11640

0.3
0.5
0.6
0.6

2.5
4.0
3.5
3.0

14
14
17
16

30
36
41
33

10.2 12.6 15.5

9.9 12.6 15.9
5.8 6.7 7.7
5.9 7.1 8.6

0
0
0
0

Dundurn .................
Estevan ....................
Hudson Bay ............
Humboldt ................
Island Falls ..............

-30
-25
-33
-32
-38

-34
-30
-37
-37
41

87
89
84
83
80

70
73
71
70
69

10714
9950
11842
11500
13000

0.4
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.4

3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5

14
17
16
15
19

35
43
50
35
36

8.2 9.9 11.9

8.8 10.7 13.0
5.8 7.1 8.6
6.1 7.5 9.2
9.4 11.8 14.6

0
0
0
0
0

Kamsack ..................
Kindersley................
Lloydminster...........
Maple Creek ............
MeadowLake ..........

-29
-27
-30
-25
-33

85
90
85
89
83

0.7
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.6

3.0
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.5

16
13
15
14
15

50
35
31
32
42

83
85
89
82
86

11700
11300
9894
12000
11082

-35
-29
-29
-30
-28

41
-34
-34
-34
-32

84
85
88
86
88

70
71
71
69
69

11630
11100
10806
10856
11460

3.0
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0

16
16
15
16
13

Prince Albert ..........

Qu'Appelle ..............
Regina ....................
Saskatoon ................
Scott ......................

0.6
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.6

16
17
15
14
14

38
47
28
43
39
44
41
35
35
35

6.6 7.8 9.1

9.4 12.1 15.2
6.2 7.8 9.7
9.8 12.1 14.7
7.6 9.4 11.6
5.4 6.7 8.3
6.7 7.8 9.1
7.5 8.9 10.6
5.6 7.1 8.9
9.4 12.9 17.3

0
0
0
0
0

-34
-28
-27
-36
-29

72
69
68
70
69
70
71
71
70
69

11517
10450
11500
9500
12000

Melfort ....................
Melville ....................
MooseJaw................
Nipawin ..................
North Battleford......

-33
-32
-35
-29
-38
40
-33
-32
41
-33

5.5 7.1 9.1

7.1 8.2 9.5
7.1
8.2 9.5
7.5 9.2 11.2
9.1 12.1 15.6

0
0
0
0
0

Strasbourg ..............
Swift Current ..........
Uranium City ..........
Weyburn ..................
Yorkton ..................

-29
-25
47
-27
-28

-34
-29
-50
-32
-33

86
89
79
89
85

71
70
66
72
72

10800
9849
15000
10500
11362

0.6
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.7

3.5
2.5
2.0
3.0
3.5

15
15
13
16
17

41
24
37
35
50

7.0 8.2 9.7

9.5 11.8 14.4
7.8 9.4 11.4
8.0 9.4 11.0
6.6 7.8 9.1

0
0
0
0
0

Manitoba
Beausejour ..............
Boissevain ................
Brandon ..................
Churchill..................
Dauphin .................

-26
-24
-26
-38
-26

-29
-28
-29
40
-29

83
89
87
75
86

73
74
73
66
72

10700
10263
10828
16728
10798

0.6
0.9
0.8
0.3
0.6

3.5
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5

20
19
19
14
18

46
40
46
66
52

0
0
0
0
0

Flin Flon ................

Girnli ......................
Island Lake ..............
Lac du Bonnet ........
Lynn Lake ..............

-36
-28
-32
-28
40

40
-30
-35
-30
43

81
83
78
82
81

-25
-29
-30
-25
-30
-28
-28
-28
-29
-38

89
86
81
87
85
87
87
85
84
80

45
45
62
48
38
38
53
46
40
47

10700
10700
10800
10800
14400

0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.4

3.0
4.5
2.5
3.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
36
4.0

17
19
20
20
16
21
20
19
20
19

St. Boniface ............

St.Vita1 ..................
Sandilands ..............
Selkirk ....................
SplitLake ..............

-22
-25
-28
-22
-27
-25
-25
-25
-26
-35

12414
11057
13200
10900
14300
10068
10899
11000
10800
10884

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.3

Morden ....................
Neepawa ................
Pine Falls ................
Portage la Prairie .....
Rivers ....................

69
73
69
73
68
74
73
73
74
73
74
74
74
74
68

20
20
22
20
16

45
45
47
45
56

6.4 7.8 9.4

9.1 11.0 13.1
7.8 9.4 11.3
10.0 12.3 15.1
6.6 7.8 9.2
8.7 11.0 13.6
6.3 7.8 9.5
7.6 8.9 10.4
5.9 7.1 8.6
9.8 12.1 14.8
8.3 9.9 11.8
7.0 8.5 10.2
6.0 7.3 8.9
7.5 8.9 10.7
8.9 10.6
7.5
7.3 8.7 10.3
8.7 10.3
7.3
6.5 7.8 9.2
6.8 8.2 9.9
10.7 12.6 14.9

Steinbach ................
SwanRiver ..............
The Pas ....................
Thompson ..............
Transcona ................
Virden
Whiteshell
Winnipeg

-25
-30
-32
-35
-25
-27
-28
-25

-28
-33
-35
-38
-28
-30
-30
-28

87
84
81
80
87
86
82
87

74
72
71
69
74
73
73
74

10700
11500
12281
13900
10700
10800
10900
10679

0.7
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.6

3.5
3.0
3.0
2.0
3.5
4.0
3.0
3.5

21
17
17
17
20
18
20
20

45
52
59
50
45

6.5 7.8 9.3

6.2 7.3 8.7
7.3 8.9 10.8
10.1 12.1 14.3
7.3 8.7 10.3

0
0
0
0
0

8.9 10.7
7.1 8.5
8.7 10.3

0
0
0

0.9
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.8

46
48
45

7.4
5.9
7.3

Copyright NRC-CNRC

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Earthquake
factor

Province
and
Location

Hourly Wind
Pressures

2
F

14;

12;

;Y

quake
factor

p Ft

Ontario
Ailsa Craig................
Ajax ........................
Alexandria ..............
AUiston....................
Alrnonte ..................
Ansonville ..............
Armstrong ..............
Arnprior ..................
Atikokan ................
Aurora ....................
Bancroft ..................
Barrie ......................
Barriefield ................
Beaverton ..............
Belleville ................
Belmont ..................
Bowmanville ............
Bracebridge ............
Bradford ..................
Brampton ...............
Brantford ................
Brighton ..................
Brockville ................
Brooklin ..................
Burks Falls ..............
Burlington ..............
Caledonia ................
Campbellford ..........
Camp Borden ..........
Cannington ..............
Carleton Place ........
Cavan ......................
Centralia ................
Chapleau ................
Chatham ..................
Chelrnsford ..............
Chesley....................
Clinton ....................
Coboconk ................
Cobourg ..................
Cochrane ................
Colborne ................
Collingwood ............
Cooksville ................
Cornwall ..................
Corunna ..................
Deep River ..............
Deseronto ..............
Dorchester Sta .......
Dorion ....................
Dresden ..................
Dry den ....................
Dunbarton ..............
D unnville ................
Durham ..................
Dutton ....................
Earlton ..................
Edison ....................
Elmvale....................
Embro ....................

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Earthquake
Rfactor

1
1
1
1
2

1
2
0
1
1
1

1
0
1
1

1
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1

1
2
1
1

0
1

1
1
0
1
2

1
1

1
1
1
1
1

I
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
0
1
2
1
1
1

43

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

South Porcupine ...... -28

Stirting...................... -9

-33
-13

87
86

71
74

11400
7976

0.9
1.3

3.0
3.0

28
31

68
51

5.7
5.9

7.1
7.5

8.8
9.5

1
1

Stratford.+...............
Strathroy .................
SturgeonFalls ..........
Sudbury ....................
Sundridge ................

2
4
-16
-15
-15

-2
1
-20
-20
-19

85
90
85
86
84

75
75
70
70
71

7900
7200
9500
9600
9400

1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1

4.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
4.0

38
37
33
29
36

61
38
55
55
94

7.0
7.4
5.3
6.1
4.8

8.9
9.4
6.7
8.5
6.1

11.3
11.8
8.3
11.4
7.6

1
1
1
1
1

Tavistock ................
2
Thamesford ..............
3
5
Thedford ..................
Tillsonburg ..............
5
Timagami .................. -22

-2
-1
2
1
-26

85
87
89
88
87

75
75
74
75
71

7700
7400
7100
7200
10200

1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1

3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.5

35
36
34
35
29

60
46
37
38
60

7.1
6.9
8.5
6.5
5.7

8.9 11.2
8.9 11.4
10.4 12.8
8.2 10.3
7.1
8.8

1
1
1
1
1

Timmins .................. -28

Toronto ...............
1
Trenton .................. -5
TroutCreek ............ -16
Trout Lake .............. -36

-33
-3
-9
-20
40

87
87
86
84
77

71
75
75
71
68

11400
6827
7510
9600
14040

0.9
1.0
1.3
1.1
0.5

3.0
5.0
3.0
3.5
3.5

28
31
32
34
25

68
40
50
80
78

5.3
8.1
7.3
4.9
7.0

6.7
9.9
8.9
6.1
8.2

8.3
12.1
10.8
7.5
9.7

1
1
1
1
0

Uxbridge ..................
-7
Vanier ...................... -13
Vittoria ....................
6
Walkerton ................
1
Wallaceburg ..............
6

-1 1
-17
3
-3
3

86
87
88
88
90

74
74
75
73
75

8170
8600
7100
7647
6668

1.2
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.1

4.0
3.5
4.5
3.5
3.0

31
35
35
36
31

44
60
40
100
27

6.0
6.2
7.4
7.4
6.7

7.8
7.8
8.9
9.4
8.2

9.9
9.6
10.8
11.9
10.1

1
2
1
1
1

Waterloo ..................
1
Watford ....................
5
Wawa ...................... -32
6
Welland ....................
5
WestLorne ..............

-3
2
-37
3
2

85
90
81
87
89

75
75
70
75
75

7566
7000
10331
6691
6900

1.3
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.1

4.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
4.0

33
34
36
34
35

60
35
50
52
30

5.7
7.1
5.0
6.9
7.2

7.1
8.9
5.9
8.2
8.9

8.7
11.1
6.9
9.7
11.0

1
1
1
2
1

-2
Whitby ....................
White River .............. -39
Wiarton ....................
1
7
Windsor ....................
Wingha~n..................
2

-5
44
-3
4
-2

87
84
83
90
87

75
71
71
75
73

7500
11674
8063
6579
7800

1.1
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.1

3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.5

32
30
37
33
36

43
46
80
22
81

9.0
4.2
6.9
6.1
7.3

11.0
5.0
8.9
7.5
9.4

13.3
6.0
11.4
9.2
12.0

1
0
1
1
1

Woodstock ................
Wyoming ..................

3
5

-1
2

85
90

75
74

7542
7000

1.3
1.0

3.5
3.0

34
32

50
33

6.4
7.3

8.2
8.9

10.4
10.9

1
1

Quebec
Acton Vale ..............
Alma ........................
Amos ......................
Ancienne Lorette ......
Arvida ......................

-12
-21
-28
-13
-20

-17
-25
-32
-19
-24

85
85
84
82
85

74
71
71
73
71

8600
10700
11537
9372
10528

0.8
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.7

3.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.0

41
38
33
41
39

60
72
69
81
75

4.9
4.9
5.0
8.0
5.2

6.1
6.1
6.1
9.9
6.7

7.4
7.5
7.4
12.2
8.5

2
2
1
4
4

Asbestos ..................
Ayhner ......................
Bagotville ................
BaieComeau ............
Beaconsfield ..............

-14
-13
-22
-16
-10

-19
-17
-26
-20
-16

84
87
84
76
86

73
74
71
67
74

8800
8700
10734
10400
8200

0.9
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.8

3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0

42
35
38
35
38

70
60
74
102
54

5.4
6.2
5.5
11.4
6.6

6.7
7.8
7.1
14.4
7.8

8.2
9.6
9.0
17.9
9.2

2
2
4
4
2

Bedford ....................
Beloeil ......................
Brossard ..................
Buckingham ............
Cacouna ..................

-10
-11
-11
-14
-1 3

-15
-16
-16
-18
-18

85
85
85
87
80

74
74
74
74
71

8200
8400
8300
9000
9900

0.9
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.7

3.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
4.0

38
39
37
36
35

55
58
58
62
85

6.4
5.9
6.5
6.4
8.6

7.8
9.4
7.1
8.5
7.8
9.2
7.8
9.4
11.0 13.8

2
2
2
2
4

Campbells Bay ..........

Camp Valcartier ........
Chicoutimi ..............
Coaticook ................
Contrecoeur ............

-18
-13
-20
-12
-12

-22
-19
-24
-17
-17

88
82
83
83
85

74
73
71
73
74

8900
9400
10104
9194
8800

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.8

3.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.5

30
41
35
39
38

58
81
75
55
70

4.9
8.0
5.2
5.6
5.6

6.1
9.9
6.7
7.1
6.7

7.4
12.2
8.5
8.9
8.0

2
2
4
2
2

Cowansville .............. -1 1
Dolbeau .................. -23
Dorval ...................... -10
Drummondville ........ -13
Farnham .................. -11

-16
-28
-16
-18
-16

84
84
86
85
85

73
71
74
74
74

8400
10900
8203
8700
8418

0.9
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9

3.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
3.0

39
32
38
43
38

55
75
54
72
55

6.4
4.5
6.6
5.0
6.5

7.8
5.5
7.8
6.1
7.8

9.4
6.7
9.2
7.4
9.3

2
2
2
2
2

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

00
if

Earthquake
Rfactor

7
5
4
8
5

2
1
1
1
1

3
8
3
4
.6

1
1
1
1
1

.2

1
1
1
1
1

-4
.8
.3
.8

.3
.1
.8

.5

.7
.9
.6
.8
.9
.1
.7
.1
.9
.7
.0

.3

.0
.4
.2

.0

1
1
1
1
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
1
1
1

.4

1
1

.4

.5

2
2
1
4
4

.2

.9
.5
.4

.2

Gasp6 ......................
Gatineau ................

-9
-13

-13
-17

79
87

67
74

9800
8700

0.4
0.9

4.5
3.5

35
35

120
62

-13
-19
-12
-34

-17
-18
-23
-17
-37

87
85
86
84
76

74
74
73
74
65

8700
8900
9300
8400
14843

0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.3

3.5
4.5
3.5
3.0
2.5

35
42
32
39
26

HarringtonHarbour ..
HavreSLPierre .........
Hemmingford ..........
Hull ........................
Iberville ..................

-13
-16
-9
-13
-10

-18
-21
-14
-17
-15

64
74
85
87
85

64
74
74
74

11194
11200
8400
8700
8500

0.4
0.4
0.9
0.9
0.9

3.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.0

Joliette ....................
Jonquiere ................
Kenogami ................
Knob Lake ..............
Knowlton ................

-13
-20
-20
-37
-11

-18
-24
-34
-40
-16

85
85
85
76
84

74
71
71
66
73

8954
10500
10515
14880
8500

0.8
0.7
0.7
0.3
0.9

KovikBay ................
Lachine ..................
Lachute ..................
Lafleche ..................
La Malbaie ..............

-37
-10
-13
-11
-14

-39
-16
-18
-16
-19

58
86
85
85
81

74
74
74
71

17400
8200
8900
8300
9800

LaSalle ....................
La Tuque ................
Lava1 ......................
Lennoxville ............
L6ry ........................

-10
-19
-11
-13
-10

-16
-24
-17
-18
-15

86
86
85
84
85

74
73
74
73
74

LesSaules ................
Levis .......................:
Loretteville ..............
Louiseville ..............
Magog ......................

-13
-13
-13
-13
-12

-19
-19
-19
-18
-17

82
82
82
85
84

Malartic ....................
Maniwaki ................
Masson ....................
Matane ....................
Megantic ..................

-27
-20
-14
-11
-16

-31
-24
-18
-15
-20

MontJoli ................
Mont Laurier ..........
Montmagny ..............
Montreal ..................
Montreal Nord ........

-12
-20
-13
-10
-10

Mount Royal ............

Nitchequon ............
Noranda ..................
Outremont ..............
Pierrefonds ..............

17.0 20.4
6.2
7.8

24.4
9.6

1
2

62
85
60
56
60

6.2
4.8
5.0
5.5
13.3

7.8
5.9
6.1
6.7
16.0

9.6
7.1
7.3
8.1
19.1

2
2
2
2
0

50
38
39
35
38

108
125
55
62
55

15.0
15.7
6.4
6.2
6.5

19.7 25.5
19.3 23.7
7.8
9.4
7.8
9.6
7.8
9.3

1
2
2
2
2

4.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
3.0

33
35
35
28
39

81
75
75
90
55

5.2
5.3
5.3
7.0
5.8

0.2
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8

2.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
4.5

13
38
40
37
32

70
54
65
58
85

14.1
6.6
6.5
6.5
8.2

8200
9818
8400
8893
8300

0.8
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9

3.0
3.0
3.5
4.0
3.0

38
34
42
40
38

54
75
60
55
55

6.6
4.2
6.6
4.9
6.5

7.8
5.0
7.8
6.1
7.8

9.2
6.0
9.1
7.5
9.2

2
2
2
2
2

73
73
73
74
73

9200
9000
9400
9200
8680

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9

4.0
4.5
4.0
4.5
3.0

41
45
41
39
39

81
84
81
82
55

8.0
8.0
8.0
4.5
5.4

9.9
9.9
9.9
5.5
6.7

12.2
12.2
12.2
6.6
8.2

4
4
4
2
2

85
85
87
75
81

71
73
74
68
73

11200
9422
8900
9900
9688

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.9

3.0
3.0
4.0
3.5
3.0

34
31
36
35
39

65
59
62
106
78

5.0
4.9
6.3
11.1
9.4

7.4
6.1
5.9
7.0
7.8
9.5
14.4 18.4
12.1 15.3

1
2
2
2
2

-16
-24
-19
-16
-16

74
84
82
86
86

69
73
73
74
74

9924
9793
9000
8203
8200

0.7
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8

3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5

35
33
38
42
42

103
65
85
54
54

11.3
5.0
8.2
6.6
6.6

14.7
5.9
10.4
7.8
7.8

18.8
6.9
13.1
9.2
9.2

2
2
4
2
2

-10
-37
-27
-10
-10

-16
-40
-32
-16
-16

86
75
85
86
86

74
67
71
74
74

8200
14398
11400
8200
8200

0.8
0.3
0.9
0.8
0.8

3.5
2.0
3.5
3.5
3.0

42
31
32
42
38

54
103
65
54
54

6.6
6.0
5.4
6.6
6.6

7.8
7.1
6.7
7.8
7.8

9.2
8.4
8.2
9.2
9.2

2
1
1
2
2

Pincourt ..................
Plessisville ................
Pointe Claire ............
Port Alfred ............
Port Cartier ..............

-10
-14
-10
-19
-21

-15
-19
-16
-23
-26

85
84
86
83
78

74
74
74
71
65

8300
9400
8200
10500
11000

0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.5

3.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0

38
43
38
37
42

55
80
54
75
115

6.5
5.4
6.6
5.2
14.0

7.8
9.2
6.7
8.2
7.8
9.2
6.7
8.5
17.3 21.2

2
2
2
4
4

PortHarrison............
Preville ....................
Quebec ....................
Richmond ................
Rimouski ................

-36
-11
-13
-13
-12

-39
-16
-19
-18
-16

63
85
82
84
74

74
73
73
69

16549
8300
8937
8700
9900

0.2
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.7

2.0
3.0
4.5
3.5
3.5

15
37
45
41
35

43
58
84
63
92

13.2
6.5
8.0
4.9
10.0

16.9
7.8
9.9
6.1
12.6

1
2
4
2
4

Gatineau-Pointe ......
Gentilly ....................
Gracefield ..............
Granby ....................
Great Whale River ....

-13

7.5
8.4
8.4
9.7
8.6

2
4
4
1
2

17.6 21.9
7.8
9.2
7.8
9.2
7.8
9.2
10.4 13.1

2
2
2
2
4

6.3
6.7
6.7
8.2
7.1

Copyright NRC-CNRC

21.5
9.2
12.2
7.5
15.7

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECXED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Rocklsland ..............
RosemZre ..................
Rouyn ......................

-11
-1 1
-27

-16
-17
-32

83
85
85

73
74
71

9000
8400
11400

0.9
0.8
0.9

3.0
3.5
3.5

39
42
32

55
60
63

6.3
6.6
5.4

7.8
7.8
6.7

9.5
9.1
8.2

2
2
1

Ste Agathe des Monty

Ste.Anne de Bellevue
St-Canut ..................
St. FClicien ...............
Ste.Foy....................

-16
-10
-13
-23
-13

-20
-15
-18
-28
-19

81
85
85
84
82

73
74
74
71
73

9871
8300
9000
11000
9000

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.8

3.5
3.0
3.0
2.5
4.5

38
38
42
30
45

79
55
70
75
84

5.6
6.5
5.9
4.6
8.0

6.7
7.8
7.1
5.5
9.9

8.0
9.2
8.5
6.5
12.2

2
2
2
2
4

St.Hubert ................
St Hubert de
Teiniscouata ........
St.Hyacinthe ............
St.JCr6rne ................
St.Johns ..................

-11

-16

85

74

8337

0.8

3.0

37

58

6.5

7.8

9.2

-14
-12
-13
-10

-18
-17
-18
-15

78
85
84
85

71
74
74
74

10600
8524
9283
8500

0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9

3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0

36
40
42
38

85
60
70
55

8.6
5.6
6.0
6.5

11.0
6.7
7.1
7.8

13.8
8.0
8.4
9.3

4
2
2
2

St.Jovite ..................
St.Lambert ..............
St.Laurent ..............
St Nicolas ................
Schefferville ............

-17
-10
-10
-13
-37

-21
-16
-16
-19
-40

82
86
86
82
76

73
74
74
73
66

9700
8200
8200
8900
14880

0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.3

4.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
2.5

37
42
42
44
28

70
54
54
84
90

5.3
6.6
6.6
7.6
7.0

6.3
7.8
7.8
9.4
8.2

7.5
9.2
9.2
11.5
9.7

2
2
2
4
1

Senneterre ................
SevenIslands ..........
Shawinigan ..............
Shawville ..................
Sherbrooke ..............

-28
-22
-15
-17
-13

-32
-27
-20
-21
-18

85
78
85
88
84

71
64
74
74
73

11400
11327
9380
8900
8490

0.9
0.5
0.8
0.9
0.9

3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0

40
42
36
30
39

70
116
81
58
55

5.0
14.3
4.1
5.4
4.3

6.1
17.6
5.0
6.7
5.5

7.3
21.5
6.1
8.2
6.9

1
4
2
2
2

Sillery........................
Sore1 ........................
Sutton ......................
Tadoussac ................
Temiscaming ............

-13
-12
-11
-15
-21

-19
-17
-16
-19
-25

82
85
84
80
87

73
74
73
70
71

9000
8868
8600
9871
9581

0.8
0.8
0.9
0.7
1.1

4.5
4.0
3.0
3.5
3.5

45
36
39
32
32

84
80
55
85
60

8.0
5.0
6.4
8.4
5.0

9.9
6.1
7.8
10.7
6.1

12.2
7.3
9.4
13.5
7.3

4
2
2
4
2

ThetfordMines .........
ThreeRivers .............
Thurso ......................
Vald'Or ....................
Valleyfield ................

-14
-13
-14
-27
-9

-19
-18
-18
-31
-14

83
85
87
85
85

73
74
74
71
74

9815
9306
8900
11169
8300

0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9

4.0
4.5
4.0
3.0
3.0

41
40
36
35
38

81
84
62
64
54

7.6
4.5
6.4
5.0
6.5

9.4
5.5
7.8
6.1
7.8

11.6
6.6
9.4
7.3
9.3

2
2
2
1
2

Varennes ..................
Vercheres ................
Verdun ......................
Victoriaville ..............
Ville d'Anjou ............

-11
-11
-10
-14
-10

-16
-17
-16
-19
-16

85
85
86
84
86

74
74
74
74
74

8500
8700
8200
9250
8200

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8

3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5

40
38
42
43
42

60
65
54
80
54

5.9
5.6
6.6
5.4
6.6

7.1
6.7
7.8
6.7
7.8

8.5
8.0
9.2
8.2
9.2

2
2
2
2
2

Ville Marie ..............

Waterloo ..................
Westmount................
Windsor Mills ..........

-24
-12
-10
-13

-28
-17
-16
-18

87
84
86
84

71
73
74
73

10557
8400
8200
8500

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.9

3.5
3.0
3.5
5.0

28
39
42
40

62
55
54
60

6.3
5.4
6.6
4.9

7.8
6.7
7.8
6.1

9.5
8.2
9.2
7.5

1
2
2
2

New Brunswick
Alma ........................
Bathurst ....................
Campbellton..............
Chatham ...................
Edmundston ............

-5
-10
-14
-10
-16

-10
-15
-18
-15
-20

80
86
84
87
81

69
71
71
71
72

8400
9462
9354
9065
9796

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8

4.5
3.0
4.5
3.0
3.0

39
35
40
37
36

60
80
112
62
69

7.9
7.0
7.8
6.1
6.3

10.4
8.9
9.9
7.8
8.2

13.6
11.3
12.5
9.8
10.6

1
2
2
2
2

Fredericton .............. -10

-9
Gagetown ................
GrandFalls .............. -16
-7
Moncton ..................
-9
Oromocto ................

-16
-15
-21
-12
-15

86
84
82
85
85

70
70
72
71
70

8671
8235
9635
8711
8700

0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.9

4.5
4.0
3.0
3.5
4.5

41
41
38
39
41

60
60
66
75
60

6.2
7.5
6.0
9.6
7.4

7.8
9.9
7.8
12.1
9.4

9.7
12.9
9.9
15.0
11.9

2
2
2
1
2

Sackville.................... -5
SaintJohn ................ -7
St. Stephen ..............
-8
Shippigan .................. -7
Woodstock ................ -14

-10
-12
-13
-12
-19

83
79
82
84
87

70
68
69
69
71

8420
8453
8400
9500
8756

0.7
0.7
0.8
0.5
0.9

4.0
5.0
5.0
2.5
3.5

38
48
45
35
37

63
53
50
92
63

8.6
8.0
9.4
10.8
5.7

11.0
9.9
11.5
13.2
7.1

13.9
12.2
14.0
16.0
8.7

1
2
2
1
2

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELEmED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

EarthRfactor
Antigonish ................
Bridgewater ..............
Canso ........................
Dartmouth ..............

-3
5
2
4

-8
1
-2
0

82
82
79
80

70
69
68
68

8400
7700
8100
7718

0.4
0.6
0.5
0.6

4.0
5.0
4.5
5.5

46
52
53
54

65
45
55
45

8.6
8.5
10.1
8.4

10.4
11.0
12.1
11.0

. 12.6
13.9
14.3
14.0

1
1
1
1

Debert ......................
Digby ........................
Greenwood ..............
Halifax ....................
Kentville ..................

-7
5
1
4
0

-12
1
-2
0
-4

82
77
83
80
83

70
69
70
68
70

8399
7076
7591
7361
7792

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5

4.0
5.0
5.0
5.5
5.0

42
44
41
54
41

53
48
58
45
56

8.1
8.3
7.6
8.4
7.4

10.4
10.4
9.9
11.0
9.9

13.3
13.0
12.8
14.0
13.0

1
2
1
1
1

Liverpool ................
Lockeport ................
Louisburg ..............
Lunenburg ................
New Glasgow ............

7
7
6
6
-5

3
3
1
2
-10

82
78
80
81
81

68
68
69
68
70

7362
7300
8100
7700
8400

0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.4

5.5
5.0
4.0
5.0
4.0

57
57
53
55
45

37
40
45
45
58

9.1
9.3
10.8
8.9
8.4

11.5
11.5
12.6
11.5
10.4

14.4
14.2
14.8
14.6
12.8

1
1
2
1
1

North Sydney ..........

Pictou .......................
PortHawkesbury ......
Springhill ..................
Stewiacke..................

5
-5
-1
-4
-5

0
-10
-6
-9
-10

82
81
82
82
82

70
70
70
70
70

8100
8400
8200
8400
8300

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.5

3.5
4.0
3.0
4.0
4.0

50
45
50
45
42

50
60
65
55
63

9.7
8.4
12.3
8.0
8.1

11.5
10.4
14.4
10.4
10.4

13.6
12.8
16.8
13.3
13.3

2
1
1
1
1

Sydney ....................
Tatarnagouche ..........
Truro ........................
Wolfville ..................
Yarmouth ................

5
-5
-7
-1
9

0
-10
-12
-5
5

82
83
81
82
73

70
70
70
70
68

8049
8400
8226
7900
7340

0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5

3.5
3.5
4.0
5.0
4.5

51
44
41
41
49

49
58
53
56
55

9.7
8.3
7.7
7.4
8.6

11.5
10.4
9.9
9.9
10.7

13.6
13.0
12.6
13.0
13.1

2
1
1
1
2

Prince Edward Island

Charlottetown ...........
Souris .....................
Summerside .............
Tignish .....................

-3
-1
-3
-3

-6
-5
-8
-8

81
81
81
82

70
70
70
69

8486
8400
8440
8900

0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4

4.0
3.5
4.5
4.0

43
43
39
37

66
68
62
75

8.6
8.7
9.4
12.7

10.4
10.4
11.5
15.0

12.7
12.5
14.0
17.8

1
1
1
1

Newfoundland
5
Argentia ...................
2
Bonavista .................
-5
Buchans ...................
Cape Harrison ......... -20
6
Cape Race .................

1
-2
-12
-24
2

75
76
81
80
69

67
67
68
62

8440
9200
10138
12603
9190

0.6
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.6

4.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
4.5

57
48
36
29
54

47
72
91
128
48

11.9
10.8
9.6
9.6
16.4

14.4
13.2
11.5
11.5
20.1

17.4
16.0
13.7
13.7
24.3

2
2
1
1
2

CornerBrook ........... -5
-1
Gander .....................
GooseBay ............... -25
7
GrandBank .............
-5
GrandFalls ...............

-10
-5
-27
3
-10

81
82
81
71
81

68
68
67

8978
9254
11887
8378
9352

0.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.4

45
40
29
54
37

90
62
103
55
72

12.0
9.6
6.0
12.3
9.6

14.4
11.5
7.1
14.4
11.5

17.2
13.7
8.4
16.8
13.7

1
2
1
2
1

Labrador City ........... -32

7
Port aux Basques .....
St. Anthony .............. -11
6
St.John's .................
-1
StephenviUe .............

-36
2
-17
2
-6

75
68
63
77
76

66
68
68

14200
8800
10896
8991
8717

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.3

3.5
4.0
2.5
4.0
?.O
2.5
4.0
3.0
4.0
3.5

31
56
32
57
40

110
75
111
72
86

6.6
11.4
11.9
12.6
12.9

7.8
13.2
16.0
15.3
15.0

9.2
15.3
21.0
18.6
17.5

1
2
2
2
1

Twin Falls ...............

Wabana ...................
Wabush Lake ...........

-32
5
-32

-35
1
-36

75
77
75

66
68
66

14300
8900
14200

0.3
0.6
0.4

2.5
4.0
2.5

29
55
31

110
60
110

6.6
11.7
6.6

7.8
14.4
7.8

9.2
17.6
9.2

1
2
1

-46
-56
-45
-60
-41

-49
-59
-48
-63
-45

72
79
74
74
76

61
61
60
61
61

14747
15067
14300
15768
12898

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2

2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5

10
13
12
14
13

26
58
50
50
34

6.0
4.2
6.2
4.2
4.0

7.3
5.0
7.3
5.0
5.4

8.9
6.0
8.7
6.0
7.1

4
2
4
4
4

WatsonLake ........... -51

Whitehorse ................ -42

-54
-45

78
75

63
60

13740
12475

0.3
0.2

2.0
1.5

17
11

54
27

4.0
5.8

5.0
7.1

6.2
8.7

4
4

Yukon
Aishihik ....................
Dawson ...................
DestructionBay .......
Snag .........................
Teslin .....................

68
-

Copyright NRC-CNRC

DESIGN DATA FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS IN CANADA

Aklavlk ....................
Alert ........................
Arctic Bay ................
Baker Lake ..............
CambridgeBay ........
Chesterfield ..............
Clyde ........................
Coppermine ..............
Coral Harbour ..........
Eskimo Point ............

-48
-48
-46
-50
-48
-40
-43
-47
-38
-40

-50
-50
-48
-52
-50
-43
-46
-49
-40
-43

76
54
55
71
60

-5 1
-53
-49
-47
-53

55
81
75
79
82

Fort Smith ..............

Frobisher ..................
HayRiver ................
HolmanIsland ..........
Inuvik ......................

-46
-42
-41
-46
48

-49
-45
-45
-48
-50

83
59
81
64
77

Isachsen .................. -5 1
Mould Bay ................ -49
NormanWells .......... -52
Nottingham Island .... -37
Port Radium ............ -48

-53
-5 1
-55
-39
-50

51
49
81
56
71

-50
-43
-49
-35
-49

68
57
67
63
70

-49
-51
-46
-44
-50

-48
-40
-47
-32
-47

Eureka ....................
Fort Good Hope ......
Fort Providence ........
Fort Resolution ........
Fortsimpson ............

Rae ........................
Rankin Inlet ..........
Resolute ..............
Resolution Island ....
Yellowknife ............

61
-

75
68
51
45
76

62
63
64
63
65
-

64
-

61
-

62
-

63
-

63

18017
23488
20933
19790
21628

0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.0

7
6

19568
19881
19484
19452
18200

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2

1.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.5

24220
17028
14651
14796
14658

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3

14176
17876
14518
19926
18200
24269
23594
16111
17705
16726
15800
19300
22673
16021
15634

32

7.7
11.2
8.3
8.8
6.2

11.0
14.4
10.4
10.4
7.1

15.1
18.3
13.0
12.4
8.2

4
0
2
0
2

11
10
11
9
12

50
54
45
61
56

9.2
12.8
6.9
18.5
10.2

11.0 13.0
16.6 21.2
8.7 10.9
25.0 33.2
12.3 14.9

0
4

1.5
2.5
3.0
1.5
2.5

3
12
10
11
12

25
60
48
45
56

0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2

1.5
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0

13
14
12
5
10

37
50
50
25
46

6.3
11.8
5.5
13.3
8.1

0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2

1.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0

3
13
12
9

30
22
63
85
54

9.5
9.9
8.6
9.6
7.9

9
11
5
16
8

48
52
27
117
42

7.2
9.6
8.3
17.7
7.2

0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2

2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
2.0

:1932i

1
1

15.9
19.3
8.1
9.2
9.5

1
1
0
0
1

9.5
17.5
8.1
19.9
15.8

0
2
0
2
4

12.1 15.2
12.6 15.9
12.1 16.4
12.1 15.0
9.9 12.4

1
2
1
2

11.0
13.8
13.0
29.5
11.0

0
0

9.9 12.6
9.9 14.1
5.5
6.7
6.1
7.5
6.3 7.8
7.8
14.4
6.7
16.3
11.5

8.9
11.5
10.4
23.1
8.9

Copyright NRC-CNRC

2
2
0

The National Building Code is published b y t h e National Research Council for voluntary
adoption b y a provincial governments or municipal administration. The Code is essentially
a set o f minimum regulations respecting t h e safety o f buildings w i t h reference t o public
health, fire protection and structural sufficiency. It is n o t and is n o t intended t o b e a
text-book of building design, advice upon which should b e sought f r o m professional
sources. The Code relates t o buildings and simple structures but it is n o t intended f o r use
w i t h specialized civil engineering structures. I t s essential purpose is t h e promotion o f
public safety through t h e use o f desirable building standards throughout Canada.

The National Building Code and its supplements may be obtained

b y writing to:

The Secretary,
Associate Committee o n the National Building Code,
National Research Council,
Ottawa, Canada

Copyright NRC-CNRC