Scribd

Scribd /skrbd/ is a digital library and e-book,

audiobook and comic book subscription service that includes one million titles.[2][3][4][5] In addition, Scribd
hosts 60 million documents on its open publishing
platform.[6]

writers to easily upload and sell digital copies of their

work online.[21] That same month, the site partnered with
Simon & Schuster to sell e-books on Scribd.[22] The deal
made digital editions of 5,000 titles available for purchase
on Scribd, including books from bestselling authors like
[23]
Founded in 2007 by Trip Adler, Jared Friedman and Stephen King, Dan Brown, and Mary Higgins Clark.
Tikhon Bernstam and headquartered in San Francisco, In October 2009, Scribd launched its branded reader for
California, the company is backed by Khosla Ventures, Y media companies including The New York Times, Los
Combinator, Charles River Ventures, and Redpoint Ven- Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, The Hungton Post,
tures. [7] Scribds e-book subscription service is avail- TechCrunch, and MediaBistro.[24] ProQuest began pubable on Android and iOS smartphones and tablets, as lishing dissertations and theses on Scribd in Decemwell as the Kindle Fire, Nook, and personal comput- ber 2009.[25] In August 2010, many notable documents
ers. Subscribers can access unlimited books from 1,000 hosted on Scribd began to go viral, including the Calipublishers, including HarperCollins, Simon & Schus- fornia Proposition 8 ruling, which received 6,000 views
ter, Harlequin, Houghton Miin Harcourt, Macmillan, per second, and HPs lawsuit against Mark Hurds move
Bloomsbury, Workman, Lonely Planet, Perseus Book to Oracle.[26] [27]
Group and Wiley. [8][9]
Scribd added audiobooks to their subscription ser- 1.2
vice in November 2014 and comic books in February
2015.[10][11] Scribd has 80 million users, and has been
referred to as the Netix for books.[12][13][14]

1
1.1

Subscription service (2013-present)

History
Founding (2007-2013)

Scribd began as a site to host and share documents.[13]

While at Harvard, Trip Adler was inspired to start Scribd
after learning about the lengthy process required to publish academic papers. [15] His father, a doctor at Stanford,
was told it would take 18 months to have his medical research published. [15] Adler wanted to create a simple way
to publish and share written content online. [16] He cofounded Scribd with Jared Friedman and attended the inaugural class of Y Combinator in the summer of 2006.[17]
There, Scribd received its initial $12,000 in seed funding
and then launched in a San Francisco apartment in March
2007.[6]

In October 2013, Scribd ocially launched its unlimited

subscription service for e-books.[28] This gave users unlimited access to Scribds library of digital books for a
at monthly fee. [29] The company also announced a partnership with HarperCollins which made the entire backlist of HarperCollins catalog available on the subscription service, including Sarah Silvermans The Bedwetter,
Kevin Wilsons The Family Fang, and Just As I Am: The
Autobiography of Billy Graham.[30] According to Chantal
Restivo-Alessi, chief digital ocer at HarperCollins, this
marked the rst time that the publisher has released such
a large portion of its catalog.[31] In March 2014, Scribd
announced a deal with Lonely Planet, oering the travel
publishers entire library on its subscription service.[32]

Scribd was called the Youtube for documents, allowing anyone to self-publish on the site using its document
reader. [15] The document reader turns PDFs, Word documents, and PowerPoints into Web documents that can
be shared on any website that allows embeds. [18] In its
rst year, Scribd grew 218 percent with 23.5 million visitors as of November 2008. [19] It also ranked as one of
the top 20 social media sites according to Comscore.[20]

In June 2009, Scribd launched the Scribd Store, enabling In May 2014, Scribd further increased its subscription
1

4 TECHNOLOGY

oering with 10,000 titles from Simon & Schuster. [33]

These titles included works from authors such as: Stephen
King, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ray Bradbury, Mary Higgins Clark, Walter Isaacson, Chuck Klosterman, David
McCullough, and Ernest Hemingway. [34]

by Charles River Ventures with re-investment from Redpoint Ventures and Kinsey Hills Group.[50] David O.
Sacks, former PayPal COO and founder of Yammer and
Geni, joined Scribds board of directors in January 2010.
[51]

In January 2011, Scribd raised an additional US$13 million in a round led by MLC Investments of Australia and
1.3 Audiobooks
SVB Capital.[52] In January 2015, the company raised
In November 2014, Scribd added audiobooks to its sub- US$22 million in new funding from Khosla Ventures
Keith Rabois joining the Scribd board of
scription library. [35] Wired noted that this was the rst with partner
[53]
directors.
subscription service to oer unlimited access to audiobooks, and it represents a much larger shift in the way
digital content is consumed over the net. [36] In April
2015, the company expanded its audiobook catalog in a
deal with Penguin Random House.[37] This added 9,000
4 Technology
audiobooks to its platform including titles from authors
like Lena Dunham, John Grisham, Gillian Flynn, and
George R.R. Martin.[38]
In July 2008, Scribd began using iPaper, a rich document
format similar to PDF built for the web, which allows
users to embed documents into a web page.[54] iPaper
1.4 Comics
was built with Adobe Flash, allowing it to be viewed the
same across dierent operating systems (Windows, Mac
In February 2015, Scribd introduced comics to its sub- OS, and Linux) without conversion, as long as the reader
scription service. [39] The company added 10,000 comics has Flash installed (although Scribd has announced nonand graphic novels from publishers including Marvel, Flash support for the iPhone).[55] All major document
Archie, Boom! Studios, Dynamite, IDW, and Valiant. types can be formatted into iPaper including Word docs,
[11]
Through the service, subscribers now had access to PowerPoint presentations, PDFs, OpenDocument docuseries such as Guardians of the Galaxy, Daredevil, X-O ments, OpenOce.org XML documents, and PostScript
Manowar, and The Avengers. [40][41]
les.
All iPaper documents are hosted on Scribd. Scribd allows
published documents to either be private or open to the
2 Timeline
larger Scribd community. The iPaper document viewer is
also embeddable in any website or blog, making it simple
In February 2010, Scribd unveiled its rst mobile plans to embed documents in their original layout regardless of
for e-readers and smartphones.[42] In April 2010 Scribd le format. Scribd iPaper required Flash cookies to be
launched a new feature called Readcast,[43] which al- enabled, which is the default setting in Flash.[56]
lows automatic sharing of documents on Facebook and
On May 5, 2010, Scribd announced that they would be
Twitter.[44] Also in April 2010, Scribd announced its inconverting the entire site to HTML5 at the Web 2.0 Contegration of Facebook social plug-ins at the Facebook f8
ference in San Francisco.[57] TechCrunch reported that
[45]
Developer Conference.
Scribd is migrating away from Flash to HTML5. Scribd
Scribd rolled out a redesign on September 13, 2010 to co-founder and chief technology ocer Jared Friedman
become, according to TechCrunch, the social network tells me: 'We are scrapping three years of Flash develfor reading.[46]
opment and betting the company on HTML5 because
In October 2013, Scribd launched its e-book subscrip- we believe HTML5 is a dramatically better reading exFlash. Now any document can become
tion service, allowing readers to pay a at monthly fee perience than [58]
In July 2010 Publishers Weekly wrote
in exchange for unlimited access to all of Scribds book a Web page.'"
a cover story on Scribd entitled Betting the House on
titles.[47]
HTML5.[59]

Financials

The company was initially funded with US$12,000 from

Y Combinator in 2006, and received over US$3.7 million in June 2007 from Redpoint Ventures and The Kinsey Hills Group.[48][49] In December 2008, the company
raised US$9 million in a second round of funding led

Scribd has its own API to integrate external/thirdparty applications,[60] but is no longer oering new API
accounts.[61]
Since 2010, Scribd has been available on mobile phones
and e-readers, in addition to personal computers. As of
December 2013, Scribd is available through the various
app stores on iOS and Android smartphones and tablets,
as well as the Kindle Fire and Nook tablets.

5.3

BookID

Reception

Following a decision of the Istanbul 12th Criminal Court

of Peace, dated 8 March 2013, access to Scribd is blocked
[81]
Scribd has been praised by several newspapers and mag- for Internet users in Turkey.
azines, including The New York Times, Fast Company,
Forbes, and The Wall Street Journal.[62] The company has
been dubbed the Netix for e-books[28] by Wired, and is 5.3 BookID
a known pioneer of the all-you-can-read model for ebooks.[63] Its founders, Trip Adler and Jared Friedman, To counteract the uploading of unauthorized content,
have been named to Forbes 30 Under 30 and Inc. 35 Un- Scribd created BookID, an automated copyright protection system that helps authors and publishers identify
der 35.[64][65]
unauthorized use of their works on Scribd. [82] This proIn April 2015, Los Angeles favorably reviewed Scribds
prietary technology works by analyzing documents for sesubscription service by saying, Subscribing to Scribd is
mantic data, meta data, images, and other elements and
sort of like shopping at Trader Joes: you may not nd evcreates an encoded ngerprint of the copyrighted work.
ery product you want, but it sure as hell is convenient, [83]
BookID is available for free for authors and publish[66]
inexpensive, and downright delectable.
Scribd has
ers whether they choose to make their content available
grown to more than 100 million users in 75 countries who
through the Scribd platform. [84]
use the site on a monthly basis.[67] As of June 2015, the
Scribd app has been downloaded 5.7 million times on Android and 3.3 million times on iOS.[68]
Notable users of Scribd include Virginia senator Mark 6 Supported le formats
Warner,[69] former California gubernatorial candidate
Meg Whitman, New York Times DealBook reporter Supported formats include:[85]
Andrew Ross Sorkin, All Things D Reporter Kara
Swisher, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Microsoft Excel (.xls, .xlsx)
(FCC), Red Cross, UNICEF, World Economic Forum,
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, The
Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt, .pps, .pptx, .ppsx)
World Bank, Ford Motor Company, Hewlett-Packard,
Samsung and the Hasmonean High School Living Torah.
Microsoft Word (.doc, .docx)

5.1

Accusations of copyright infringement

Scribd has been accused of copyright infringement. In

September 2009, American author Elaine Scott alleged
that Scribd shamelessly prots from the stolen copyrighted works of innumerable authors.[70] Her attorneys
sought class action status in their eorts to win damages
from Scribd for allegedly egregious copyright infringement and accused it of calculated copyright infringement
for prot.[71][72][73] The suit was dropped in July 2010.

OpenDocument (.odt, .odp, .ods, .odf, .odg)

OpenOce.org XML (.sxw, .sxi, .sxc, .sxd)
Plain text (.txt)
Portable Document Format (.pdf)
PostScript (.ps)

[74][75]

Rich text format (.rtf)

In 2007, one year after its inception, Scribd was served

with 25 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notices.[76]

Tagged image le format (.tif, .ti)

7 See also
5.2

Controversies

In March 2009, the passwords of several Comcast customers were leaked on Scribd. The passwords were later
removed when the news was published by The New York
Times.[77][78][79]
In July 2010, GigaOM reported that the script of The Social Network (2010) movie was uploaded and leaked on
Scribd; it was promptly taken down per Sonys DMCA
request.[80]

Amazon Lending Library and Kindle Unlimited

Document collaboration
Oyster (company)
Wayback Machine
Webcite

References

[1] Scribd.com Site Info. Alexa Internet. Retrieved 201412-02.

[2] Alexandra Alter (April 16, 2015). Scribd Expands Audiobook Catalog in Deal With Penguin Random House.
The New York Times.

REFERENCES

[22] Brad Stone (11 July 2009). Simon & Schuster to Sell
Digital Books on Scribd.com. The New York Times.
Retrieved 11 October 2010.
[23] Brad Stone (June 12, 2009). Simon & Schuster to Sell
Digital Books on Scribd.com. The New York Times.
[24] From The Desk Of Your News Outlet And Scribd.
Reuters. 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-07.

[3] Zoran Basich (January 5, 2015). The Daily Startup. The

Wall Street Journal.

[25] Scribd to publish dissertations and theses. TeleRead.

November 17, 2009.

[4] Scribd Adds Audiobooks To All-You-Read Library, Piling Pressure On Amazon. Forbes. November 6, 2014.

[26] Liz Gannes (August 4, 2010). Prop 8 Ruling Is Scribds

Most Viral Doc Ever. Gigaom.

[5] Jacob Kastrenakes (April 16, 2015). Scribd adds over

9,000 more audiobooks to better take on Audible. The
Verge.

[27] MG Siegler (September 7, 2010). HP Conrms It Is Suing Mark Hurd For Potential Leakage Of Trade Secrets
To Oracle. Techcrunch.

[6] Scribd | Interview with its Co-Founder & CEO Trip

Adler. Entrepreneurial Insights. December 10, 2014.

[28] Metz, Cade. Scribd Challenges Amazon and Apple With

'Netix for Books". Wired. Retrieved 2013-12-30.

[7] Crunchbase. Crunchbase. January 2, 2015.

[29] Cade Metz (October 1, 2013). Scribd Challenges Amazon and Apple with Netix for Books". Wired.

[8] David Carnoy (January 29, 2014). Scribd extends ebook subscription app to Kindle Fire. CNet.
[9] Carolyn Kellogg (January 5, 2015). Scribd brings in
$22 million to expand e-book subscription service. LA
Times.
[10] Ryan Mac (November 6, 2014). Scribd Adds Audiobooks To All-You-Read Library, Piling Pressure On
Amazon. Forbes.
[11] Anthony Ha (February 10, 2015). Scribd Adds Comics
From Marvel, IDW, And Others To Its Subscription EBook Service. TechCrunch.
[12] Cade Metz (October 1, 2013). Scribd Challenges Amazon and Apple With Netix for Books". Wired.
[13] Andy Orin (June 11, 2014). Behind the App: The Story
of Scribd. Lifehacker.
[14] Jenna Schnuer (November 8, 2013). We Test It: Scribds
All-You-Can Read Digital Buet. Entrepreneur.
[15] Jill Kransy (June 24, 2014). Scribd: The Library of the
Future?". Inc.
[16] Best Young Tech Entrepreneurs 2010. Bloomberg.
[17] Scribd. Y Combinator.
[18] Robert MacMillan (October 7, 2009). From the desk of
[your news outlet] and Scribd. Reuters.
[19] Erick Schonfeld (December 31, 2008). Scribd Had
A Blowout Year, And So Did the Web Document.
Techcrunch.

[30] Julie Bosman (October 1, 2013). HarperCollins Joins

Scribd in E-Book Subscription Plan. The New York
Times.
[31] Anthony Ha (1 October 2013). With HarperCollins
Deal, Scribd Unveils Its Bid To Become The Netix For
Books. TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved 1 October
2013.
[32] Anthony Ha (March 26, 2014). Scribds Subscription EBook Service Moves Into Travel With The Full Lonely
Planet Library. Techcrunch.
[33] Jerey A. Trachtenberg (March 21, 2014). Simon &
Schuster, E-Book Services Strike Deal. The Wall Street
Journal.
[34] Laura Hazard Owen (May 21, 2014). Simon & Schuster adds its books to ebook subscription sites Scribd and
Oyster. Gigaom.
[35] Jacob Kastrenakes (November 6, 2014). Scribd expands its subscription library to include audiobooks. The
Verge.
[36] Cade Metz (November 6, 2014). Scribd Rolls Out the
Internets First All-You-Can-Listen Audiobooks Service.
Wired.
[37] Mic Wright (April 16, 2015). Scribd adds 9,000 Penguin Random House audiobooks including Game of
Thrones". The Next Web.
[38] Alexandra Alter (April 16, 2015). Scribd Expands Audiobook Catalog in Deal With Penguin Random House.
The New York Times.

[20] Scribd had a blowout year and so did the web document.

[39] Davey Alba (February 10, 2015). Scribd Unveils Netix

for Comics". Wired.

[21] Brad Stone (17 May 2009). Site Lets Writers Sell Digital
Copies. The New York Times. Retrieved 11 October
2010.

[40] Seth Fiegerman (February 10, 2015). Scribd gains the

superpower of an unlimited comic book subscription.
Mashable.

[41] Sarah Mitro (February 10, 2015). Scribd serves up all

the comics you can read, for $9 per month. CNet.

[65] Jill Krasny. Scribd: The Library of the Future?". Inc.

[42] Fowler, Georey A. (2010-02-10). Scribd Plans Mobile

Application. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2010-02-10.

[66] Thomas Harlander (April 16, 2015). E-Book Throwdown: Which Digital Library Service is Right for You?".
LA Mag.

[43] Scribd gets 'Readcasting': Autosharing made easy.

CNet. Retrieved 2010-04-21.

[67] J.E. Cooper (June 1, 2015). Authors, readers explore the

digital world. SF Gate.

[44] Scribd launches readcast. Marketwire. Retrieved 201004-15.

[68] Scribd. XYO. June 29, 2015.

[45] Scribds bet on the Facebook Eect. CNN. 2010-04-21.

Retrieved 2010-04-21.
[46] Scribd Redesign Is An Attempt To Become A Social
Network For Reading"". TechCrunch. Retrieved 201009-13.
[47] Carr, Austin (2013-10-01). Scribd, HarperCollins
Launch $8.99 Subscription Book Service. Fast Company. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
[48] Scribd Banks $3.5 Million from Redpoint.
[49] Scribd CrunchBase Company Prole.
[50] Scribd raises $9 million, hires new president for social
publishing.
[51] David Sacks. AngelList.
[52] David Kaplan (January 18, 2011). Scribd Raises $13
Million To Support Mobile Moves, Product Expansion.
Gigaom.

[69] Mark Warner. scribd.com. 29 March 2009. Retrieved

1 January 2010.
[70] Johnson, Bobbie (2009-09-21). Book sharing site Scribd
rejects claims of copyright infringement. The Guardian
(London).
[71] Class Action Copyright Suit Filed Against Scribd... By
Jammie Thomas Lawyers?". TechDirt. 2009-09-21. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
[72] Greg Sandoval (September 19, 2009). Jammie Thomas
lawyers le suit against Scribd. Retrieved October 11,
2010.
[73] Motoko Rich (2009-09-19). Jammie Thomas lawyers
le suit against Scribd. CNET News.com. Retrieved
2009-09-19.
[74] Lawsuit Saying Scribds Copyright-Protection Filters
Infringe On Copyrights Has Been Dumped. Scribd.
TechDirt. 19 July 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

[53] http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/02/
scribd-khosla-funding/

[75] Kravets, David (2010-07-19).

Lawsuit Dropped;
Claimed That Copyright-Filtering Violates Copyright.
Wired. Retrieved 2013-02-21.

[54] iPaper: a Simple Way to View and Share Documents on

the Web. Wired. 2008-02-20. Retrieved 2014-08-28.

[76] Scribd looks like a winner. Scribd. TechCrunch. 29

March 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[55] Scribd on your iPhone.

[77] Stone, Brad (29 March 2009). passwords of comcast

customers exposed. nytimes.com. Retrieved 1 January
2010.

[56] Global Storage Settings panel. Macromedia.com. Retrieved 2009-02-01.

[57] HTML5 and The Future of Publishing. Web 2.0 Expo.
Retrieved 2010-05-06.
[58] Erick Schonfeld (May 5, 2010). Scribd CTO: We Are
Scrapping Flash And Betting The Company On HTML5.
Retrieved October 11, 2010.
[59] Betting the House on HTML 5. Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
[60] Scribd SAP Largest API Integration Press Release.
Scribd. 2009-03-10. Retrieved 22 September 2010.
[61] Scribd Developer Documentation. Archived from the
original on 2015-07-28.
[62] Press. Scribd. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
[63] Schnuer, Jenna (2013-11-08). We Test It: Scribds AllYou-Can Read Digital Buet. Entrepreneur.com. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
[64] Je Bercovici, Emily Inverso. 30 Under 30. Forbes.

[78] Comcast passwords leaked onto the web. cnet.com. 29

March 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
[79] Comcast passwords exposed. hothardware.com. 29
March 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
[80] Gannes, Liz. Leaked Facebook Movie Script Paints
Zuckerberg as Vindictive and Naive. Gigaom.
[81] Freedom on the Net Turkey 2013. Freedom House.
Retrieved October 3, 2013.
[82] BookID. Scribd. June 29, 2015.
[83] Michael Kozlowski (October 13, 2014). French Watchdog Accuses Scribd of eBook Piracy. Good eReader.
[84] BookID for Authors and Publishers. Scribd. June 29,
2015.
[85] Jason (February 26, 2009). Info, FAQs, and Forums/FAQ: Writing, Uploading and Managing Documents. Retrieved October 11, 2010.

External links
Ocial website

EXTERNAL LINKS

10
10.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Scribd Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribd?oldid=686109511 Contributors: Jimbo Wales, Mjb, Lfh, Dale Arnett, Psychonaut,
HaeB, Alan Liefting, Yama, Edcolins, Beland, Billposer, Halo, Tastiles, Mike Rosoft, ArnoldReinhold, YUL89YYZ, Spoon!, Stesmo, Mike
Schwartz, R. S. Shaw, Gary, Geo Swan, Apoc2400, Fritzpoll, DreamGuy, BD2412, Josh Parris, Rjwilmsi, Nightscream, Ground Zero, Nihiltres, Bgwhite, Adoniscik, ErkDemon, Thnidu, 3en, SmackBot, InverseHypercube, Rojomoke, Mcld, Chris the speller, Thumperward,
Snori, Timneu22, Gyrobo, BullRangifer, DMacks, Lambiam, Attys, Gobonobo, CartesianAngst, Meco, Ric, WilliamJE, Agent007bond,
Cydebot, Doug Weller, Scarpy, Andosmith, Jm3, Mack2, WWB, Deective, MER-C, Ph.eyes, Gavia immer, Magioladitis, Mathematrucker, Froid, Andrewnpeters, Fallschirmjger, Kxmsf, Keith D, Rob Burbidge, Leecolinharvey, Ineedspeed2007, Philip Trueman, Perohanych, Metaed, Natg 19, Rcasati, Urbanrenewal, Falcon8765, Agentq314, RISCfuture, Alexbrn, Colfer2, OKBot, Fuddle, Motyka, ClueBot, SummerWithMorons, Fadesga, Frmorrison, Aidar24, Niceguyedc, StigBot, Ottawahitech, Trivialist, 718 Bot, LeoFrank, Alexbot,
Totie, Alejandrocaro35, Thesupermat, DumZiBoT, Badmachine, Paulmnguyen, Feministo, Tinyrock, Sgpsaros, Addbot, Aakash.goenka,
Melab-1, Prairieplant, Zorrobot, Balabiot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, TaBOT-zerem, AnomieBOT, , Materialscientist, DSisyphBot,
Almabot, Novonium, ChrisSquire99, Slipslide, Ute in DC, LimeHat, Batmandk, Masrudin, FrescoBot, Anna Roy, Alarics, Ajnnadeau,
MarB4, LittleWink, Stoelsz, Michael herr, Full-date unlinking bot, Treyharris1, Sylye, 3dh3m, Lotje, Coercorash, Dskrvk, Reach Out to
the Truth, RjwilmsiBot, SimonRM, VernoWhitney, QuipQuotch, GoingBatty, Ida Shaw, KuduIO, Cappert, Theyann PentaGram, AndyAgr,
L Kensington, Philafrenzy, Donner60, MainFrame, AndyTheGrump, Rudymoman, EdoBot, Anita5192, ClueBot NG, Goalloverhere, JimDustyRhodes, BG19bot, Petrarchan47, Wikiedit555, Pbeltranl, Mananshah15, DPL bot, WikiHannibal, Proxyma, Soulparadox, Vecto
Rerso, Rezonansowy, Mogism, Manojranaweera, Youngblood20, Tslancaster, Tubeyak, Ekips39, Mreasons, Bluelight999, Ugog Nizdast,
Xrt6L, Bjorn.wastvedt, Prasidpathak1, JaconaFrere, BeccaCory, Wesalius, Satyam263, Madmike111, Usmanaslam30, Zaixar, Ayeletshacar, Daylenca, Thesampsonator, AdamG and Anonymous: 101

10.2

Images

File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original

artist: ?
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-bysa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Increase_Negative.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
Increase2.svg Original artist: Increase2.svg: Sarang
File:Scribd_Books.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Scribd_Books.jpg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Thesampsonator
File:Scribd_logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Scribd_logo.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This le was derived from: Scribd-Logo-Negative-black-Vector.svg
Original artist: Own work
File:Symbol_list_class.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

10.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0