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Various issues in Computer

Aided Analysis and Design Of
Building Structures
Presentation by
Prof. Manmohan Maniyar
SPCE, Mumbai

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Applying seismic coefficient

method

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Number of Modes Cl. 7.8.4.2

Code requires sufficient number of modes so

that at least 90% of the total seismic mass is
excited in each of the principal directions.

There is a problem in wordings of this clause. First

sentence reads as:
The number of modes to be used in the analysis should
be such that the sum total of modal masses in all
modes considered is at least 90 percent of the total
seismic mass and missing mass correction beyond 33
percent.
The portion highlighted in red should be deleted.

Number of Modes Cl. 7.8.4.2 (contd)

Last sentence reads as:

The effect of higher modes shall be

included by considering missing mass
correction using well established
procedures

It should read as:

The effect of modes with natural frequency

beyond 33 Hz shall be included by.

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Modal Combination Cl. 7.8.4.4

This clause gives CQC method first and

then simpler method as an alternate.
CQC is a fairly sophisticated method for
modal combination. It is applicable both
when the modes are well-separated and
when the modes are closely-spaced.
Many computer programmes have CQC
method built in for modal combination.

Alternate Method to CQC

Use SRSS (Square Root of Sum of

Squares) if the natural modes are not
closely-spaced.

12 22 23 24 ....

Use Absolute Sum for closely-spaced

modes
1 2 3 4 ...

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Shear wall modelling

using surface element
A surface entity is an object that represents a
collection of elements.
When the program goes through the analysis
phase, it subdivides the surface into a number
of elements by itself.
But during the modeling phase, the user does
not see any of those elements which keeps the
model small and easy to manage.
An entire wall is hence represented by just a
few "Surface" entities, instead of hundreds of
plate elements.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Shear wall modelling

using surface element
The advantage of using surfaces is that
the minute details involved in the process
of converting a physical object like a wall
or slab into the mathematical model
which consists of plate elements is
something that the user doesn't have to
bother with.
However, in many situations, not knowing
these details can lead to errors, some of
which are impossible to detect because
the underlying elements cannot be seen
graphically.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Shear wall modelling

using surface element
Also, not knowing how many elements
will be generated during the meshing
process can lead to unwanted
consequences such as a massive increase
in the size of the model, to a point where
the program simply cannot handle such a
massive volume of data.
Consequently, we recommend that
surfaces be not used as much as possible.

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Shear wall modelling

using surface element
There is however one situation where the user
has no choice but to use surfaces. That is when
he/she wants to perform reinforced concrete
design of a shearwall per the ACI, British or
Indian codes. STAAD can perform a shearwall
design if and only if that wall is modeled using
STAAD's SURFACE entity.
When you use surfaces in your model, the
resulting mesh of finite elements is not easily
apparent. In fact, the only place in the program
where you get a good view of the meshed state
of the surface is in the post-processing mode in
the node displacement page.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Shear wall modelling

using surface element
The inability to view the meshed state of
the surface makes it very difficult to see
the flaws in the modeling.
In your structure for example, there may
be members which are sharing space with
the surface.

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Shear wall modelling

using surface element
Unless those members get meshed
automatically along with the surface, and
more importantly, unless the surface and
member meshing is done in such a
manner than all the resulting pieces are
connected to each other properly, there is
no assurance that the members and
surface will be able to transfer loads to
each other.
The inability to see their meshed condition
makes it difficult to see if the meshing is
done properly.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Modeling shear walls in

multi-storey buildings
Description of the problem:
I am using surface elements to
model the shear walls of a multistorey building.
The analysis is terminated with
the following message:

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Cause:
Model has become
too large due to some
or all surfaces being
meshed into a large
number of elements.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Cause (contd):
Consider the following.
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 0 6 0; 3 0 10 0; 4 6
10 0;
5 10 10 0; 6 10 6 0; 7 10 0 0;
SURFACE INCIDENCE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SURFACE 1
The surface is defined by a
boundary connected to the
following nodes:1-2-3-4-5-67 and back to node 1.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Cause (contd):
We have not specified the
number of divisions along the
edges 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, etc.
Hence, default value will be
used for the divisions. That
value is 10.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Cause (contd):
Due to the presence of
intermediate points (such as
B, D and F), STAAD will be
able to generate only
triangular elements, not
quadrilateral.

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Cause (contd):
That will significantly increase the number of elements.

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Cause (contd):
The mesh is generated based on the
size of the smallest element between
those edges. (Between points D and
E, the element size is 4ft/10 divisions
= 0.4 feet.) That happens to be the
size that controls the final mesh.
Consequently, there is
Significant increase in the number of
plates
increase in the overall model size
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Solution:
Specify the number of divisions as less than 10 between adjacent points.

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Modeling Modeling
shear walls
multi-storey
shear in
walls
in
multi-storey buildings (contd)
buildings
Solution (contd):
This results in a coarser mesh and a
smaller model.

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Solution (contd):
View the .day file in the project
folder. It contains the details of
each surface and can be used
to locate the one creating the
problem.
The facts regarding the
number of joints and elements
generated from each surface
is listed therein.
Examine surface 66 carefully.
It causes 123158 elements to
be generated.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Discontinuity in wall modeling

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Modeling
shear walls in
Modeling shear walls in
multi-storey buildings
buildings (contd)
multi-storey
Discontinuity in wall modeling
SY (local)
N/ mm2
<= -3.35
-2.96
-2.56
-2.16
-1.76
-1.36
-0.958
-0.559
-0.159
0.240
0.639
1.04
1.44
1.84
2.24
2.64
>= 3.04

Y
Z

Load 2

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

The internal angle at node 6 between the sides

108 and 111 exceeds 180 degrees. A similar
situation exists at node 7 also

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

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Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Intersecting members

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Open region
To generate FLOOR LOADS, STAAD first identifies panels
which are closed regions bounded by members on all sides.
The areas confined within such polygons are then multiplied
by the pressure (value of the term FLOAD) and the resulting
total load is distributed between the various members that
make up the panel boundary.

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Open region

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Open region

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

38

Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Floor load
generation
Modeling
shear walls in

multi-storey buildings (contd)

Graphically, FLOOR Groups can be created

by going to Tools - Create New Group,
choose the type as FLOOR and assign the
desired members to that group. After you
have created a FLOOR GROUP, when you go
to the FLOOR LOAD assignment dialog box,
the floor group name will be available for
selection from a list of such groups. The load
can thus be assigned to a group instead of a
floor defined using XRANGE, YRANGE and
ZRANGE.
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Model geometry
generation from DXF files

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Model geometry
generation from DXF files
MX (local)
kNm/m
<= -14.3
-12.8
-11.3
-9.77
-8.27
-6.77
-5.28
-3.78
-2.28
-0.783
0.714
2.21
3.71
5.21
6.7
8.2
>= 9.7

Y
X
Z

Load 10

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Model geometry
generation from DXF files
MX (local)
kNm/ m
<= -84.9
-73.8
-62.6
40.23m

-51.5
-40.4
-29.3
-18.1
-7.01
4.12
15.2
26.4
37.5
48.6
59.8
70.9
82

44.22m

>= 93.1

Y
X
Z

Load 10

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Model geometry
generation from DXF files

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Model geometry
generation from DXF files

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Model geometry
generation from DXF files

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Model geometry
generation from DXF files
Received Drawing from Architect
File 1 arch drawing as received

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Model geometry
generation
from DXF files
Form structural grid

Ask your draftman to make new layer staad and

draw all beams centre lines and details as shown in
discussion(with all common errors your drafsman
will surely do), delete all garbage data

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Model geometry
generation from DXF files
Save as dxf with DXF option for
decimal palces 0 for dwg in mm

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Model geometry
generation from DXF files
Open staad, import, 3d dxf, open dxf
file created

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Model geometry
generation from DXF files
Open staad, import, 3d dxf, open dxf
file created

Y up
Set current units mm N
Select all geometry intersect
Check overlapping colinear members
Tools Check duplicate nodes 0.1 m limit
Zoom shift+n check nodes,shift+b
Structure diagram shrink
Strech member
Merge nodes 75 76
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Model geometry
generation from DXF files
Zoom Shift+b
Check for all duplicate, unwanted beams,
Check layer with shrink and beam nos on
very carefully.
Translational repeat plinth level beams
Select column nodes and translational
repeat with link steps
Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Model geometry
generation from DXF files
Model geometry is ready

Y
X
Z

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Model geometry
generation from DXF files
Model geometry is ready

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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Model geometry generation

from DXF files

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

Model geometry
generation from DXF files
Staad file can be imported into etabs

Presentation by: Prof. Manmohan Maniyar, SPCE, Mumbai Email: mmmaniyar@yahoo.com mobile: +919833019931

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