Petit Computer Help

2012 SmileBoom Co.,Ltd

All rights reserved

1. Introduction
1-1

About Petit Computer

This software is an easy-to-use BASIC programming language tool allowing you to

write your own BASIC programs. By utilizing DS Wireless Communications, you can
share your programs with friends, and receive images created by them. This will
allow you to collaborate to create programs.
1-2

User Agreement
Programs and graphics created using this software can be shared with large
numbers of users. Please refrain from creating any content other users may find
offensive, or any content that might reveal personal information about yourself
or others, or violate any other party's intellectual property rights.

You risk prosecution if any programs you create cause offence, are obscene, or
are libelous.

Gamebridge accept no liability for any adverse consequences of any programs or

images users choose to share.

1-3

Program Precautions
The BASIC language used in this software is not compatible with pre-existing
versions of BASIC. Please be aware of the differences in the programming
languages when attempting to port over older BASIC programs.

This software uses fixed-point number representation, which can have large
margins of error for certain calculations, resulting in precision loss. This means
it should not be used for programs which require precise calculations.

This software does not use branch instructions giving line numbers. Branch
instructions use the @ mark and the line tag for specific lines.

Complex programs with increasing amounts of visual data can lead to a

reduction in processing speed.

If commands that write to files such as SAVE, RECVFILE and DELETE are
repeatedly used, it may take longer to save or load these files.

If you enter reserved commands in lower case letters, they will automatically be
converted to upper case.

In this software, comparisons are represented using == for 'equals' and != for
'differs'. (Similar to the C programming language)

When FOR commands are entered in this software, the conditions are
determined first. For a case like FOR I=0 TO -1 where STEP1 will not function, it

will skip the FOR command and carry on running the commands after NEXT.
Unlike existing BASIC programs, it is not guaranteed to carry out the command
once.

This software's program text editing function allows you to store a maximum of
100 characters per line, with a maximum of 9999 lines. However, when the
memory allocated to saving text is exceeded, you will no longer be able to enter
text. The maximum number of characters you can use in a program is
approximately 520,000.

Occasionally, graphics which you have included in your program are not properly
displayed on screen. This may be caused by a variety of factors, such as the
previously run program specifying that the display should be on the Lower
Screen. If this should occur, switch to Run Mode and run the following routine:
ACLS (Enter)
If your graphics are still not displayed, it may be because the color selected is
not visible, or the graphics are made up of transparent characters. In this case,
use the COLINIT or CHRINIT commands to reset the display.

If the numbers you wish to use when performing divisions or other calculations
are all integers, use the FLOOR command. The calculation will then only be
performed using integers. When calculating coordinates, calculation errors may
combine to give slight inaccuracies.

Keyboard input is detected via INKEY$(). However, the system requirements

mean that some keys will not be detected,

Label names can be replaced by character string variables for a certain set of
commands. But this can only be done for those commands with which labels can
be used.

A maximum of 16 channels can be used simultaneously for background music,

sound effects.

1-4

Controls

This software is a development tool, so its controls differ from those of normal
games.
+Control Pad

Moves cursor in Edit Mode. (Press up and down while holding

down the L Button to scroll up and down one page at a time, and

press left and right to go to the start and end of a line.)

A,B,Y,X Button

Can be used while a program is running. The Y Button functions

as backspace when in Edit Mode, while A functions as the Enter
key.

L,R Button

This function like the Shift key on a keyboard, letting you input
the purple characters on the keyboard. It can be used while a
program is running.

START Button

If you have a program saved, press START to run it. This can be
used while a program is running.

SELECT Button

SELECT functions like the ESC key when programs are running.

In Run Mode, the screen display can be reset by simultaneously pressing left on the
+ Control Pad, the R Button, and START. This also restores the font to its default,
making it useful after a game program when elements of the display are difficult to
view.
1-5

What is a Program?

Computers are marvelous machines that can do all manner of things, from following
people's instructions and displaying certain images on screen, to playing sounds or
detecting what is inputted via the Touch Screen.
A program is a set of instructions that tells the computer precisely what to do. Petit
Computer uses a language called BASIC, and its structure is close to the grammar
we use every day to communicate.
For example:
Display text on screen with a PRINT command
Play a sound with a BEEP command
Draw a circle on screen with a GCIRCLE command
Display a character with an SPSET command
Store a certain number in the memory by
Assigning a variable
Find out the value of a number using
Comparison and branch commands
Save your program with a SAVE command

BASIC has a huge range of instructions to get the computer to do what you want it
to. While it would be hard work to remember every single command, if you try out
different commands, you'll learn them little by little and be able to program games
and tools.
It may be challenging at first, but this software is all you need to create and run your
very own programs. Of course, sometimes you might enter the wrong command by
mistake, creating a bug.
Many of the programmers who create video games got started by using BASIC. If
you've set your sights on developing games in the future, this is a great way to
experience the fun of programming first-hand.
1-6

Glossary
Term

Characters

Info
The 8x8 pixel 16-color images used to make up sprites and BG
screens.

Color

There are 256 colors available for graphics, sprites and BG

(background).
(0 is transparent)

Palette

The range of colors that can be used for graphics and

characters.
1 palette= 16 colors (0 is transparent)

Background(BG)

A display function where the screen is covered in characters,

used for example on map screens.

Sprite

A function that can display up to 100 animated characters.

System Icons

Icon buttons used to switch between modes and tools.

Pixel

The colored dots that make up the images and characters on

screen.

Frame

A unit for determining length an image is displayed for.

1 frame = 1/60th sec

VSYNC

This is function that refreshes the screen display. The smallest

unit of time for the screen to be refreshed is a single frame.

File

The memory assigned to saving programs and images you have

created.

Resources

The general name used in BASIC for images and programs read

from files. Some are saved in the internal memory, while others
are saved in the video memory.
Track

This is the source from where background music is played. Music

can be played using a maximum of 8 tracks simultaneously.

Channel

This is the unit in which MML music is played. A maximum of 8

types of instrument can be played at the same time.

MML

Music Macro Language

This refers to the command strings used create music.

Start Point x

The coordinates (X=horizontal, y=vertical) for the top left point

Start Pont y

of a rectangular area.

End Pont x

The coordinates (X=horizontal, y=vertical) for the bottom right

End Point y

point of a rectangular area.

Transfer

The coordinates (X=horizontal, y=vertical) for the top left point

Destination x

of the rectangular area of the transfer destination.

Transfer
Destination y

2. Home Menu

2-1 About the Home Menu

A range of options for Petit Computer are accessible from this menu, and you will
return here after programs end. Select from the following 5 options:
2-1-1 Write Program
Launch Petit Computer. Touch this button when you want to write programs.
2-1-2 View Gallery
Select a program you wish to run from a list of saved programs.
2-1-3 File Management
Copy, rename or delete saved files, or transmit and receive data.
2-1-4 Help
View the instruction manual for Petit Computer as well as a list of BASIC
commands.
2-1-5 DSi Menu
Exit Petit Computer and return to the DSi menu.
2-2 Create Program
See Create Program (detail) to learn how to use Petit Computer.
2-3 View Programs

This lets you select and run programs and samples, Touching the Run button will
launch Petit Computer and run the program.

Reached end of program

Error in program

ESC key or Cancel button pressed

SELECT pressed

END command run in program

In any of the cases listed above, the program that is currently running will be
cancelled you will exit Petit Computer and return to the Home Menu. All current
variable data will be lost when the program finishes. Utilize the SAVE command to
store data if required. When running programs in this mode, use the Edit button to
view the program list.
2-4 File Management
See File Management (detail) for more information on managing files.

File Management(detail)

3-1 Change Name

This function allows you to rename your saved files by following the instructions
below:
3-1-1 Select file you wish to rename.

3-1-2 Change the name using the simplified keyboard.

3-1-3 The file will now have been renamed.

3-2 Delete File

This function allows you to delete saved files by following the instructions below:
3-2-1 Select the file you wish to delete.
3-2-2 Confirm that you wish to delete the selected file.
3-2-3 The file will now have been deleted.
3-3 Send File
This function allows you to send saved files to other users by following the
instructions below:
3-3-1 Select the file you wish to send.
3-3-2 Dialog box will appear.
(The operation is then identical to that performed by the SENDFILE command.)
3-4 Receive File
This function allows you to receive files from other users by following the
instructions below:
3-4-1 Enter the name of the file you wish to receive.

3-4-2 Dialog box will appear.

(The operation is then identical to that performed by the RECVFILE command.)

3-5 Read QR Code

While reading QR codes, the system's processing power is focused on this
operation, so scrolling may stop and buttons become temporarily less responsive.
This function allows you to use the external camera to read special QR codes for use
with Petit Computer. To read QR codes and create files, follow the instructions
below:
3-5-1 Line up the first QR code so that it is within the red frame

3-5-2 When the QR Code is detected, the number of pages will be displayed.

3-5-3 The required number of pages will be read.

3-5-4 After the pages are read, the file will be created."
3-6 Save to SD Memory Card
"This function allows you to copy saved files onto an SD Memory Card by following
the instructions below:
3-6-1 Select the file you wish to write
3-6-2 The writing process will begin

3-6-3 The selected file will be written onto the SD Memory Card

\private\ds\app\4B4E414A\File Name
Once the file has been successfully written to the SD Memory Card, the folder above
will be created and the administrative file will be accessed.
<Please Note When Transferring Files>
Not enough available space on Memory Card/Write-Protect switch ON:
In these cases, it will not be possible to transfer data onto the SD Memory Card.
Please ensure that there is enough space and that the Write-Protect switch on your
SD Memory Card is OFF.
The properties of files on SD Memory Cards are not accessible, meaning that users
will be unable to view details of the files. Please refrain from trying to analyze or
modify file contents.
3-7 Create QR Code Tool
You cannot retrieve files saved to SD Memory Cards, but file contents can be viewed
and QR Codes created by making use of a free online application via your web
browser. For more details, please see the official Petit Computer homepage.

Create Program (detail)

Touch the 'Create Program' button on the Home Menu to launch SmileBASIC.
SmileBASIC has the following three modes:
Run Mode
You can enter directly executable commands using the keyboard. (Switch from Edit
Mode with the Run button.)

Edit Mode
An editing function that allows you to write program source code. (Switch from Run
Mode with the Edit button.)

Help
See instructions for programming and a list of BASIC commands. (Switch with
Manual button.)

4-1 Switching Modes

Use the System Icons to switch modes.
System Icons (in Run Mode)

Manual Icon
This explains how to use this software.

Run Mode Icon

Switches to Run Mode.

Edit Mode Icon

Switches to the Edit Mode to edit text.

User System Icon Area

Can be used within programs.

System Icons (in Edit Mode)

Copy
Copy the line at current cursor position.

Paste
Insert a copied line into the program at current cursor position.

4-2 Run Mode

This mode allows you to run programs you have written. To run programs written in
Edit Mode, enter RUN using the keyboard and touch the Enter key. In Run Mode you
can also save and load programs.
Upper Screen: Console
Commands entered using the keyboards are displayed here.

Lower Screen: Keyboard display

Input Switch Button

A

ABC

Symbols

Kana

Touching the Input Switch button will change the characters available on the
keyboard. Pressing SHIFT will enable you to input further characters. In Run Mode,
PNLTYPE will not switch the keyboard.
"Delete files saved using the SAVE command or change file names in Run Mode.
For more details, see 12 Run Mode Commands."
4-3 Edit Mode
Write your own programs in Edit Mode. The varieties of commands at your disposal
give you plenty of scope to create programs in your own way. To see the commands
you can use, open this manual and refer to the sections on commands and functions.
Upper Screen: Source display
Displays strings entered using the keyboard. Line numbers are automatically added
when page breaks are inserted. Up to 100 characters per line can be displayed on
screen. If the line is too long to be displayed, the line will scroll horizontally to display
the other characters.

Lower Screen: Keyboard display

As in Run Mode, touching the Input Switch button will change the keyboard.
4-4 Command Entry Support
If you forget commands when writing a program, you can enter letters and numbers
to search for a list of suggested commands and functions.
1) Suggestion List
Choose from suggested commands and functions in the white area below the
function keys on the lower screen.

2) Initial Suggestion Screen

Press the G key on the keyboard and all the commands and functions beginning with
that letter will be listed.

3) Narrowing Down the List

If you then press the C key on the keyboard, the list of suggestions will be narrowed
down to those beginning with GC.

4) Selecting a Suggestion
If you find the term you are looking for, touch it and it will be entered in your
program. This reduces the time it takes to enter a command such as GCIRCLE.
When there are too many terms to fit in the Suggestion List, press this button
to go to the next page.
4-5 Searching (in Edit Mode)
Touch the magnifying glass icon at the bottom right of the keyboard in Edit Mode and
you will be able to enter a search term below the function keys. This is useful when
you are writing a long program and wish to quickly search for labels and function
names.

Enter the search term and press ENTER to begin the search. By pressing up or down
on the +Control Pad, you can indicate whether to search above or below the current
line in the program. Press the magnifying glass icon again to exit Search Mode.

4-6 Writing Simple Programs

Here's a step-by-step guide to writing a program that will display strings on the

console screen and play sound. After starting Petit Computer, execute the following
commands, ensuring you have not run any sample programs beforehand. (When
there are no programs, you will always start in Run Mode )
1) Touch the Edit button to enter Edit Mode.
2) Enter PRINT ""WORDS"" in the first line.
3) Enter BEEP in the second line.
0001 PRINT ""WORDS""
0002 BEEP
4) Touch the Run button to enter Run Mode.
5) Input RUN (Enter).
WORDS
OK
Text will be displayed on screen, and a sound will be played. It is also possible to run
commands directly in Run Mode.
GLINE 0,0,255,191,15 (Enter)
This command will draw a diagonal line from the top left of the upper screen to the
bottom right.
GCLS (Enter)
This command will remove the line without affecting the text. When you're
experimenting with different commands to find out precisely what they do, it's a
good idea to do it directly in Run Mode.

Sample File

This software includes the following sample programs. For more details, see the
programming code for each.
5-1 Using Sample Files
1) Go to Run Mode
2) EXEC"SAMPLE2" (Press Enter)
3) Press SELECT to pause
4) View program in Edit Mode
By entering other sample names instead of the SAMPLE2 contained within the "",
you can check out other sample programs. You are also free to save any of the
samples included in the software under different names. You can then tweak them
to your heart's content without needing approval from SmileBoom first.
5-2 Basic Samples
These are simple programs designed to teach users how to use the standard
commands in BASIC. You can view the programs in Edit Mode and use them as a
reference when writing your own BASIC programs.
File Name

Description

SAMPE1

Displays characters on the console.

SAMPLE2

A simple character-input calculator.

SAMPLE3

A simple piano program using the keyboard.

SAMPLE4

A number-guessing game.

SAMPLE5

A bio-rhythm program.

SAMPLE6

A lower screen sequencer.

SAMPLE7

A shooting game with moving foes.

SAMPLE8

A program demonstrating useful commands that control variables.

SAMPLE9

A demo using sprites and background (BG).

SAMPLE10

A demo using multi-page graphic screens.

SAMPLE11

A program demonstrating music created and played using

MML(Music Macro Language).

SAMPLE12

A program showing you how to create you own unique instrumental

sounds.

5-3 Advanced Samples

These are advanced programs using a wide variety of BASIC commands. Each of
these samples can also be used when you make your own games. You can view the
programs in Edit Mode, and once you have mastered the BASIC commands, you can
add your own unique features.
File Name

Description

CHRED

A character creation tool.

SCRED

A background screen creation tool.

GRPED

A 256-color graphic tool.

DRWED

A drawing tool that stores elements in units such as lines and

squares.

GAME1

A racing game where you erase on-screen dots.

GAME2

A dungeon-crawling RPG.

GAME3

Blast intergalactic foes in a vertically-scrolling shoot-em-up.

GAME4

A shooting game where you dodge a barrage of bullets while taking

out enemies.

GAME5

A fighting game where giant characters do battle.

5-4 Character Creation Tool

EXEC "CHRED" (Press Enter to Run)

This tool can be used to create character data for backgrounds or sprites.
Select color samples and tools and input them in the Edit Area. Press A Button to
access File Mode, enter L (or S) and then press ENTER to load or save. You can
access and use saved data via programs.
(ex.) LOAD "BGU0:MYBG00"
5-5 BG Screen Creation Tool
EXEC "SCRED" (Press Enter to Run)

This is a tool for creating BG screen data, for example, creating rows of
houses. Select a character from the samples to paste them to the Edit Area. You can
access and use saved data via programs.
(ex.) LOAD "SCU0:MYSC00"
5-6 Graphic Creation Tool
EXEC "GRPED" (Press Enter to Run)

This is a tool for creating graphic data for the graphics Screen, utilizing up
to 256 colors. Select a color from the samples and draw a picture in the Edit Area.
You can access and use saved data via programs.
(ex.) LOAD "GRP0:MYGRP00"
5-7 DRWED (Drawing Pictures)
EXEC "DRWED" (Press Enter to Run)

This drawing tool can store up to 8000 commands for drawing elements
such as lines and squares. It differs from pixel art by allowing you to replay stored
data and adjust the picture as many times as you like. The picture data is stored on
the upper screen in the form of colors.
To learn more about how this tool recreates pictures using stored color data, view its
program in Edit Mode. You can take the elements used to recreate images and use
these in your own programs.

6 Sample Games
These are sample games that have been created using Petit Computer. You can view
the code for these games in Edit Mode. Feel free to adapt the program to your own
needs, making enemies weaker, for example, or adjusting the speed of bullets.
6-1 GAME 1 (Road Racer)
EXEC "GAME1" (Press Enter to Run)
Steer your car with the +Control Pad, aiming to pass over all the dots on the screen.
Your car will accelerate as it passes over dots.

6-2 GAME 2 (3D Dungeon Crawler)

EXEC "GAME2" (Press Enter to Run)
In this RPG, you'll use the +Control Pad to head to the top of the dungeon while
bashing beasts and picking up items such as medicine and weapons.

6-3 GAME 3 (Side-On Shooter)

EXEC "GAME3" (Press Enter to Run)
Use the +Control Pad to move and the A Button to shoot as you zap the incoming
enemies and take aim at the big boss.

6-4 GAME 4 (Barrage Blaster)

EXEC "GAME4" (Press Enter to Run)
Advanced sprite commands fill the screen with foes and firepower. Avoid enemy
strikes, blast your enemies and take on the giant boss. The scrolling background has

three layers.

6-5 GAME 5 (Sword Fight)

EXEC "GAME5" (Press Enter to Run)
Two vast screen-filling characters wield mighty swords as they duel to the death.

7 SPRITE
7-1 SPU0 - 1(0-127)
SPU0: Standard Game Elements

SPU1: Young Boy & Sorceress

7-2 SPU2 3(128-255)

SPU2: Smaller Enemies etc.

SPU3: Effects, Items etc.

7-3 SPU4 5(256-383)

SPU4: Flying Objects

SPU5: Larger Enemies, Explosions etc.

7-4 SPU6 7(384-511)

SPU6: Larger Horizontal Enemies

SPU7: Battleship

7-5 SPS
Standard Characters for Lower Screen

7-6 System Icons

Standard Icons for Tools etc.

8 Character List (Background)

8-1 BGU0(0-255)

8-2 BGU1(256-511)

8-3 BGU2(512-767)

8-4 BGU3(768-1023)

9 Sound-Related Table
Preset commands and other items related to background music, BEEP and TALK are
gathered in one table.
9-1 Preset Music
No.

Info
0

Jolly and Jaunty

Dark and Dank

Tension is Rising

Upbeat Emotion

Opening Jingle

Clear Jingle

Game Over

Menu Select

Result Screen

Staff List

10

Staff List 2

11

Classical Drama

12

Marching Band

13

Ultra-hard Rock

14

Jolly and Jaunty 2

15

WOND

16

Deep in Thought

17

WOND2

18

For the Future

19

BAL

20

BAL_2

21

Espionage

22

SCI

23

Shooting Song

24

Pad

25

SEN

26

Pure

27

ROA

28

CUA

29

FIG

9-2 Preset Sound Effects

No.

Info
0

Beep

Noise

Cursor Movement

Confirm

Cancel

Ascend

Descend

Coin

Jump

Land

10

Fire

11

Damage

12

Metal

13

Explosion

14

Scream

15

Brake

16

Banjo

17

Synth Strings

18

Synth Brass

19

Synth Bass

20

Guitar

21

Organ

22

Piano

23

Cow Bell

24

Tom-Toms

25

Cymbals

26
27

ROA

28

CUA

29

FIG

30

Snare Drum

31

Bass Drum

32

OK2

33

BALL

34

Japan Style

35

VOLT

36

AUTO

37

SHOCK

38

ESC

39

Banjo 2

40

Scratching

41

Guitar 2

42

Organ 2

43

Piano 2

44

PASS

45

UP2

46

Record

47

Synth Tom-Toms

48

Cow Bell 2

49

Metro

50

Tri

51

Conga

52

Dance BD

53

Dance SD

54

Dance HH

55

Hit

56

Timpani

57

Chinese Cymbal

58

Mini Cymbal

59

Shaker

60

Bell

61

Japanese Drum

62

Synthesizer

63

Canorus

64

Puff!

65

Nohkan

66

Humandr1

67

Humandr2

68

Dog

69

Cat

9-3 MML Commands

Music Macro Language is abbreviated to MML. Commands express elements of
music such as intervals, note length, pitch, tone, and volume.
General Music Commands
: Value

Channel Select(:0-:7)
A single piece of music can be played using up to 8 channels.
(Please ensure that the channels are written with the lowest
number first.)

T Value

Temp(T1-T240)

$ variable

Replacing Variables

number = value

Enters a value in place of the designated variable.

Variable numbers (0-7), Values (0-255)
Use BGMSETV to write from a program, or read using
BGMGETV(). These values can be used in commands marked
with
Commands for Sound Duration

L Value

Default Sound Duration(L1-L192)

To add a dot to a note, follow the desired duration with a full stop
e.g. L4.

Q Value

Gate Time (Q0-Q8)

This refers to the relationship between the length of time a
sound is actually played for and the time it is audible for.

&

Tie(Slur)
This refers to joining two sounds together to create a longer
sound.
Commands Relating to Pitch and Scale

CDEFGAB

Designating Scale
C=Do, D=Re, E=Mi, F=Fa, G=So, A=La, B=Ti.

C# D# E# F#

For semitones, # or - are added. Notes will be played for the

G# A# B#

default duration, but by appending lengths directly after the

(# can also be

note name, e.g. G4E#16, you can adjust the length of time

represented

notes are played for.

by

+)
C- D- E- F- G- ABR

Rests
As with scales, the duration of rests can be appended to the end.

N Value

Designating Interval Values (N0-N127)

(O4C=40)

Press the button to adjust the value that corresponds to the

interval duration.

O Value

Octave (O0-O8)
This value changes the octave in which notes are played.

<

Go to Higher Octave

>

Go to Lower Octave

@D Value

Detune (@D-128-@D127)
This subtly distorts the sound waves to give a detuned effect.

_(underscore)

Portamento
This allows you to slide smoothly between two sound
frequencies.
Commands Relating to Volume and Panning

V Value

Velocity (V0-V127)
This adjusts volume when playing scales.

( Value

Increase Velocity ( (0-(127 )

This refers to the relationship between the length of time a
sound is actually played for and the time it is audible for.

) Value

Reduce Velocity ( (0-(127 )

P Value

Panpot (P0-P127)
This value determines the panning between left and right
channels. P64=Center.

@V Value

Channel Volume (@V0-@V127)

This adjusts channel volume.

Commands Relating to Tone

@ Value

Tone ( @0-@255 )

Values above

This adjusts volume when playing scales.

@144 for tone

This allows you to change the instrument type.

will make this

0-127 GM Compatible Instruments

sound louder

128-129 Drum Set

than the

144-150PSG (Programmable Sound Generator)

instrumental

151 Noise

track.

224-255 User Defined Waveforms

@ E Value

Define Envelope

Attack

This function lets you adjust the way the sound is played.

Value Decay

The value range for each element is 0-127.

Value Sustain

(e.g.) ""@E0,99,64,64"

Value Release
Lower ADSR
values slow the
speed at which
the sound is
played, while
higher values
speed it up.
@ER

Deactivating Envelope
Commands Relating to Special Controls

Start Loop
Up to 3 elements can be nested within a loop.

] Value

End Loop (0255)

This returns the sound being played to before the start of the
preceding Start Loop command. (If this value is zero or
undefined, the loop will be endless.)
An error will occur when saving MML commands if loop commands do not contain
scale, rest, and N values.
Commands Relating to Macro Definition

{Label=MML}

Macro Definition
Definition regularly-used phrases (labels can be up to 8
characters long)

{Label}

Using Macro Definition

Use pre-defined MML phrases.
Commands Relating to Performance

@MON

Modulation ON
This activates modulation previously assigned with @MA, @MP.

@MOF

Modulation OFF
This cancels modulation.

@MA Value

Tremolo

Depth,

This function adjusts the tremolo effect on notes, rapidly

Value Range,

repeating the same note.

Value Speed,

(e.g.) "@MA0,99,64,64"

Value Delay
@MP Value

Vibrato

Depth,

This function varies the degree to which a vibrating effect is

Value Range,

applied to notes.

Value Speed,

(e.g.) "@MP0,99,64,64"

Value Delay
@MA and @MP cannot be used at the same time. These effects can be heard as soon
as these settings are applied.
9-4 Standard Instruments (@0@127)
No.

Instrument
0

Acoustic Grand Piano

Bright Acoustic Piano

Electric Grand Piano

Honky-tonk Piano

Electric Piano 1

Electric Piano 2

Harpsichord

Clavi

Celesta

Glockenspiel

10

Music Box

11

Vibraphone

12

Marimba

13

Xylophone

14

Tubular Bells

15

Dulcimer

16

Drawbar Organ

17

Percussive Organ

18

Rock Organ

19

Church Organ

20

Reed Organ

21

Accordion

22

Harmonica

23

Tango Accordion

24

Acoustic Guitar(nylon)

25

Acoustic Guitar(steel)

26

Electric Guitar(jazz)

27

Electric Guitar(clean)

28

Electric Guitar(muted)

29

Overdriven Guitar

30

Distortion Guitar

31

Guitar Harmonics

32

Acoustic Bass

33

Electric Bass(finger)

34

Electric Bass(pick)

35

Fretless Bass

36

Slap Bass 1

37

Slap Bass 2

38

Synth Bass 1

39

Synth Bass 2

40

Violin

41

Viola

42

Cello

43

Contrabass

44

Tremolo Strings

45

Pizzicato Strings

46

Orchestral Harp

47

Timpani

48

String Ensembles 1

49

String Ensembles 2

50

Synth Strings 1

51

Synth Strings 2

52

Voice Aahs

53

Voice Oohs

54

Synth Voice

55

Orchestra Hit

56

Trumpet

57

Trombone

58

Tuba

59

Muted Trumpet

60

French Horn

61

Brass Section

62

Synth Brass 1

63

Synth Brass 2

64

Soprano Sax

65

Alto Sax

66

Tenor Sax

67

Baritone Sax

68

Oboe

69

English Horn

70

Bassoon

71

Clarinet

72

Piccolo

73

Flute

74

Recorder

75

Pan Flute

76

Blown Bottle

77

Shakuhachi

78

Whistle

79

Ocarina

80

Lead 1(square)

81

Lead 2(sawtooth)

82

Lead 3(calliope)

83

Lead 4(chiff)

84

Lead 5(charang)

85

Lead 6(voice)

86

Lead 7(fifths)

87

Lead 8(bass+lead)

88

Pad 1(new age)

89

Pad 2(warm)

90

Pad 3(polysynth)

91

Pad 4(choir)

92

Pad 5(bowed)

93

Pad 6(metallic)

94

Pad 7(halo)

95

Pad 8(sweep)

96

FX 1(rain)

97

FX 2(soundtrack)

98

FX 3(crystal)

99

FX 4(atmosphere)

100

FX 5(brightness)

101

FX 6(goblins)

102

FX 7(echoes)

103

FX 8(sci-fi)

104

Sitar

105

Banjo

106

Shamisen

107

Koto

108

Kalimba

109

Bag pipe

110

Fiddle

111

Shanai

112

Tinkle Bell

113

Agogo

114

Steel Drums

115

Woodblock

116

Taiko Drum

117

Melodic Tom

118

Synth Drum

119

Reverse Cymbal

120

Guitar Fret Noise

121

Breath Noise

122

Seashore

123

Bird Tweet

124

Telephone Ring

125

Helicopter

126

Applause

127

Gunshot

9-5 Drums (@128-@129)

Select tone with @128 (or @129) and percussion will be played to fit with scales
between O3BO5A.
No.

Instrument

O1B

Acoustic Bass Drum 2

909BD

O2C

Acoustic Bass Drum 1

808BD

O2C#

Side Stick

O2D

Acoustic Snare

808SD

O2D#

Hand Clap

O2E

Electric Snare

909SD

O2F

Low Floor Tom

808Tom LF

O2F#

Closed Hi-hat

808CHH

O2G

High Floor Tom

808Tom HF

O2G#

Pedal Hi-hat

808CHH

O2A

Low Tom

808Tom L

O2A#

Open Hi-hat

808OHH

O2B

Low-Mid Tom

808Tom LM

O3C

High Mid Tom

808Tom HM

O3C#

Crash Cymbal 1

808Cymbal

O3D

High Tom

808Tom H

O3D#

Ride Cymbal 1

O3E

Chinese Cymbal

O3F

Ride Bell

O3F#

Tambourine

O3G

Splash Cymbal

O3G#

Cowbell

808Cowbell

O3A

Crash Cymbal 2

O3A#

Vibra-slap

O3B

Ride Cymbal 2

O4C

High Bongo

O4C#

Low Bongo

O4D

Mute Hi Conga

808Conga MH

O4D#

Open Hi Conga

808Conga OH

O4E

Low Conga

808Conga L

O4F

High Timbale

O4F#

Low Timbale

O4G

High Agogo

O4G#

Low Agogo

O4A

Cabasa

O4A#

Maracas

808Maracas

O4B

Short Whistle

O5C

Long Whistle

O5C#

Short Guiro

O5D

Long Guiro

O5D#

Claves

808Claves

O5E

Hi Wood Block

O5F

Low Wood Block

O5F#

Mute Cuica

O5G

Open Cuica

O5G#

Mute Triangle

O5A

Open Triangle

9-6 PSG and Waveforms (@144-@255)

No.

Instrument

144

PSG - Duty Rate 12.5%

145

PSG - Duty Rate 25.0%

146

PSG - Duty Rate 37.5%

147

PSG - Duty Rate 50.0%

148

PSG - Duty Rate 62.5%

149

PSG - Duty Rate 75.0%

150

PSG - Duty Rate 87.5%

151

Noise

224

*Waveforms created by the user with the BGMPRG command

255

10 BASIC Standard Features

Petit Computer Standard features and Limitations.
10-1 Basic Components
Characters

Multi-byte characters are used.

Character

Numbers, alphabet and symbols are available.

Types
Numerical

32 bit fixed-point numbers are used (with fractions rounded up).

Values

4096 is treated as 1.0

Integers within the range of 524287 can be used.
Values outside the range will not be recognized.

Hexadecimal

&H

(Base 16)
Notation
Binary

&B

Notation
Variables

Should be expressed within a maximum of 16 characters, starting

with alphabetical characters. The character _ will also be recognized.
For string variables, add $ at the end of the name.
(ex.) ANS=75:C$="TEXT"

Array

There is a total of 32768 possible elements, in two dimensions.

Parentheses are either () or []. Subscript starts from 0.
(ex.) The range of DIM NO(10) is from NO(0) to NO(9)
A maximum of 4096 variables can be used in character strings.
The defined array and the number of variables actually used may
vary.
If the maximum is exceeded, it will result in an error.

Multiple

Possible (use : (colons) to split)

Commands
Sub-Routines

No limits. FOR~NEXT can be used in same way (within limits of

and Nesting

available memory)

File Control

When files are being saved or loaded, users will be unable to input

Structure

commands while the dialog box is displayed.

Save/Load

Resource units (The user cannot freely load and save files as they

Units

require MEM resources).

File Names

Must be a maximum of 8 characters, starting with a letter of the

alphabet.
('A'~'Z', '_', '0'~'9')

10-2 Operator symbol (Arithmetic-Compare-Bit)

There are a total of 5 arithmetic operators:
+

Addition (A+B)

Subtraction (A-B)

Multiplication (A*B)

Division (A/B) *Division by 0 produces error

Remainder (A%B) *Division by 0 produces error

Addition and multiplication can be used in character string variables.

(e.g.) String for Addition
A$=""ABC"" : B$=""XYZ"" : PRINT A$+B$
ABCXYZ
(e.g.) String for Multiplication
A$=""ABC"" * 4: PRINT A$
ABCABCABCABC"
There are a total of 6 relational operators:
>

Value on left is greater than value on right (AB)

<

Value on left is less than value on right (AB)

>=

Value on left is equal or greater than value on right (A=B) NOTE = will
not function

<=

Value on left is equal or less than value on right (A=B) NOTE = will not
function

==

The values are equal (A==B)

/=

The values are not equal (A!=B)

There are a total of 4 bitwise operators:

AND

Logical AND (A AND B)

OR

Logical OR (A OR B)

XOR

Exclusive OR (A XOR B)

NOT

Negation (NOT A)

This operator inverts what is true and false.

!

True/False Inversion Symbol

* !TRUE is same as FALSE
* !FALSE is same as TRUE

Order of Operations
1

Sections inside ( ) [ ]

Minus, NOT

Functions

* / % (multiplication, division, remainders)

+-

== != < <= > >=

AND, OR, XOR

10-3 Edit Functions

The text memory can handle approximately 520,000 characters. If the total amount
of characters exceeds this, it will not be possible to save programs, even if they are
within the maximum number of lines.
Editor

The text editor in Edit Mode allows you to edit one line at a time.
Pressing ENTER will automatically assign a line number. Text will not be
wrapped.

Line

1-9999 (when individual lines are very long, you may be unable to use

Limitations

the maximum number of lines).

Line

Line numbers are treated as lines in a text editor. When new line

Numbers

numbers are assigned automatically when a linebreak is added,

commands like GOTO and GOSUB will not be able to designate specific
line numbers. For branch instructions, the command @LABEL NAME is
used instead of line numbers.

Characters

Up to 100 characters can be entered on a single line. The line will scroll

Per Line

horizontally to display characters that cannot be displayed on screen.

(If there is insufficient text memory, you may not be able to enter the
maximum 100 characters on a single line).

10-4 Entry Methods

Keyboard

Software keyboard
(alphanumeric characters and symbols)

Hardware

Can be used. (SELECT is used as the ESC key. The L Button and START

Buttons

can only be used when a program is running).

Touch

Can be used, utilizing TCHST, TCHX, TCHY as system variables.

Panel
10-5 Display
Display Order

The user's sprites can be displayed in front of the user's BG

Priority

screens.
Front

Console Screen

Upper Screen

User BG Screen (Front)

Display Levels

User Sprite Screen

Back

User BG Screen (Back)

Graphic Screen
Backdrop Screen

Front

Keyboard or Panel

Lower Screen

User BG Screen (Front)

Display Levels

User Sprite Screen

Back

User BG Screen (Back)

Graphic Screen
Backdrop Screen

Graphic

256x192 pixels

Resolution
Characters on

32 chars. x 24 lines (if linebreak is added to last line, it will scroll an

Console Screen

additional 1 line)

Animation

Simple animations are possible using sprite commands.

Functions
Character

Images consisting of 8 x 8 pixel units. They are SPRITE and BG

Functions

resources (CHR style).

BGU

User Bank x 4 (BGU0-BGU3)

SPU

User Bank x 8 (SPU0-SPU7)

Number of

Colors can be assigned independently to the upper and lower

Colors

screens. The total number of colors is displayed below:

Displayed

BG

16 colors x 16 types (including transparent)

Simultaneously

SP

16 colors x 16 types (including transparent)

GRP

256 colors (0 is transparent)

Palette

Colors for SPRITE and BG are divided into units called palettes.
Palettes each have 16 colors, including a transparent one, each of
which has a number assigned to it.

Text Color

The 15th color in the designated palette for SPRITE and BG is used
for text color. If this color is changed, the color of the text on
screen will change accordingly.

Background

The color numbered 0 taken from the BG palette numbered 0 is

Color

used as the background color.

10-6 Audio Function

Number of

There are a total of 16 channels available for music, sound effects

Simultaneous

and synthesized voices (not including PSG).

Channels
Sound Effects

There are 70 preset sound effects. Volume, panning and frequency

can be modified. 8 sounds can be played at the same time.

Voice

Text entered is read using voice synthesis. The emotion, pitch, and

Synthesis

speaker type can all be modified.

Background

128 types of instrument

Music Source

2 types of drum kit

PSG and sound sources
User-defined simple waveform sources

Background

Adapts to one of 32 defined waveforms.

Music
Waveform
Definition
BGM

30 Preset Songs
128 User-Defined Songs
Maximum of 8 Songs Played Simultaneously

10-7 Error Number Chart

There are a range of different errors and warnings which can occur when a BASIC
program is run. When an error occurs, the error number is given after the system
variable ERR. The line number is given in ERL messages.
1

Syntax error

There is problematic grammar in the program.

Out of range

The value exceeds the valid range.

Out of memory

There is insufficient memory available.

Undefined label

The destination for a branch instruction cannot

be located.

NEXT without FOR

There is a NEXT command which does not belong

to any FOR command.

Out of DATA

There is insufficient DATA available for a READ

command.

Illegal function call

There is a problem with the assignment of

elements in a function or command.

Duplicate definition

The same array or variable has been defined

more than once.

Cant continue

A program cannot be continued using a CONT

command.

10

Missing operand

There are insufficient parameters.

11

Duplicate label

The same label has been defined more than

once.

12

Illegal resource type

The resource type designated by a string does

not exist.

13

Illegal character type

The designated character type does not exist.

14

String too long

The string is too long. Labels should be no longer

than 8 characters, while strings should be no
more than 256 characters in length.

15

Division by zero

A number has been divided by zero.

16

Overflow

The results of an operation have exceeded the

permitted range.

17

Subscript out of range

The subscript for an array variable is out of

range.

18

Type mismatch

Variable types do not match.

19

Formula too complex

The formula may have too many bracketed

sections, or otherwise be too complex.

20

RETURN without GOSUB

A RETURN command is present without an

accompanying GOSUB command.

21

FOR without NEXT

A FOR commands is present which does not

correspond to a NEXT command.

22

Illegal MML

There is an error in the MML.

11 Text and Display

Information on the keyboard, text, as well as screen display and colors.
11-1 Display Screen Structure
Upper Screen
The upper screen is composed of five separate layers, listed from the back: the
background color screen, the graphic screen, the user's rear BG (background)
screen, the user's foremost BG (background) screen, and the console screen.

While user's programs are running, SPSET or SPCHR commands can be used to
adjust the order of precedence in which sprites are displayed on the graphic, front
and rear BG screens.
Background

The monochrome screen displayed behind every screen.

Color
Graphic

The screen which you can color or draw lines, curves and more on.

Screen
User BG

The BG screen displayed at the rear (8x8 characters, in 64x64)

Screen
(Rear)
User BG

The foremost BG screen (8x8 characters, in 64x64)

Screen
(Front)
Console

This screen is where the keyboard, control panel, file select etc. are

Screen

displayed

Lower Screen
The lower screen is composed of five separate layers, listed from the back: the
background color screen, the graphic screen, the user's rear BG (background)
screen, the user's foremost BG (background) screen, the keyboard, and the panel

components. It normally displays the keyboard screen, but when running programs,
background and graphics can be used via PNLTYPE commands.

Background

The monochrome screen displayed behind every screen.

Color
Graphic

The screen on which you can color or draw lines, curves and more.

Screen
User BG

User BG Screens

Screens
(Front Rear)
Keyboard,

This screen is where the keyboard, control panel, file select etc. are

Panel

displayed

components
11-2 Color Palette
In this software, the console, background screens, and sprites and graphics are all
distinct graphical elements:
- Console characters and BG (background) screens
- Sprites
- Graphics
For each element, a separate color palette is available. For the BG screens,
characters and sprites, colors are divided into units of 16 (the color code 0 is
transparent). For graphics, a palette of 256 colors can be used.
Each color available for the BG screens and sprites is divided into 16 with color codes
along the top, and palette codes along the side.

Use the COLSET command to change the palette to your preferred colors. In general,
if you keep darker shades on the left side of the screen, and have brighter colors as
you move towards the right, this will avoid having a confusing mix of colors in your
palette."
For Console Characters, Background or Sprites
Palette / Color code
(Color code 0 = Transparent)

Colors are divided, with 3 colors assigned for each application (App. 1-4). Colors are
defined as dark, normal and bright.
Graphics
Palette / Color code

11-3 User BG Characters

Select parameters with LOAD and use this as the background for your screen. You
can restore the initial settings using CHRINIT.
BGU0

BGU1
BGU2
BGU3
11-3 User Sprite Characters
When you wish to display a character on the sprite screen and have it move in four
directions, select each of the four directions (up, down, left, right) by assigning a
sprite character number from the SPU resources.

For example, for SPU1 resources, inputting sprite character numbers 64-67 (right),
68-71 (down), 72-75 (left) and 76-79 (up) will cause the sprite to move in a
clockwise direction on the screen. The SPANIM command allows simple animation.
Character images can be freely adjusted by users.
11-5 Keyboard Display
Touch a string and that string will be displayed on the console screen. Touch SHIFT
or press

to change the position of the string.

Alphabet

Alphabet + SHIFT (or

Symbols

Symbols + SHIFT (or

Kana

Kana + SHIFT (or

11-6 Character Code List

The following 256 characters are available.

Unlike previous BASIC programs, this program does not contain control codes from
0-31.

12 Files and Resources

This section gives more information about accessing files within programs, sending
files saved using the Petit Computer to other DSi systems, and receiving files from
other users.
Commands in this section:
LOAD, SAVE, SENDFILE, RECVFILE

12-1 The Relation Between Files and Resources

LOAD and SAVE commands read and write between internal resources and files,
while RECVFILE and SENDFILE commands allow files to be transferred between DSi
systems which have the Petit Computer software.
NINTENDO DSi system with Petit Computer
Resource (Managed Using Resource Name)
Programs

Screen

Characters

Color

SPU0SPU7

Graphics

BGU0BGU3

Memory
LOAD

SAVE

File (Managed Using Separate File Type Name)

PRG

PRG

CHR

CHR

CHR

CHR

COL

RPG

SCR

COL

COL

GRP

COL

MEM

GRP

CHR

GRP

PRG

MEM

GRP

MEM

PRG

SCR

SCR

SEND FILE

RECV FILE

SEND FILE

RECV FILE

Other user's Nintendo DSi system with

Other user's Nintendo DSi system with

Petit Computer saved on it 1

Petit Computer saved on it 2

Files
PRG

COL

CHR

SCR
LOAD

Files
MEM

PRG

PRG

CHR

MEM
SAVE

Resources

LOAD

SAVE

Resources

12-2 Loading
Input the LOAD command:
LOAD "PRG:SAMPLE01"

Process is paused.
Data loaded from file to designated

File cannot be found or is corrupted.

memory resource.
Error dialog box is displayed and
Loading is completed. Continue

process ends.

operations.
12-3 Saving
Input the SAVE command:
SAVE "PRG:SAMPLE01"
Process is paused.
Dialog box displayed: 'Save file' Select 'OK' to continue.
If a file of the same name already

File cannot be saved or there

exists, a dialog box will be displayed

is insufficient memory.

asking if you want to overwrite this file.

Select 'Yes' to continue.

Error dialog box is displayed and

process ends.

Dialog box displayed: 'Saving file... Do

not switch off the power'.
After the program has been saved, the
run operation will be returned to.
13-4 The SENDFILE Command
Input the command for sending files:
SENDFILE "CHR:SAMPLE01"
Process is paused.
The 'Send file' dialog box is displayed.

Confirm user you wish you send file.

If file cannot be located, an error

Select user who is ready to receive file

message is displayed and the process

from the list.

ends.

Send the file.

Normal operations resume after file is
sent.

12-5 The RECVFILE Command

Input the command for receiving files:
RECVFILE ""CHR:SAMPLE01"""
Process is paused.
If a file of the same name already exists, a dialog box will be displayed asking if you
want to overwrite this file. Select 'Yes' to continue.
The 'Receive file' dialog box is displayed.
Normal operations resume after file is received.

13 Rules for Commands and Functions

This a list of the rules concerning the commands and functions included in BASIC.
13-1 Petit Computer Commands
In order to give instructions to the computer, a uniform style for writing commands
has been used.
Command Format
Command [ parameter ] [, parameter ] [, parameter ]...
13-2 Specific Style for Commands
Petit Computer has used its own original style of writing commands, rather than
simply following the style of commands from previous BASIC programs.
Previous BASIC style (prioritizing visibility)
LINE( x,y )-( x2,y2 ),color
Original Petit Computer style
GLINE x,y,x2,y2,color
13-3 Petit Computer Functions
In Petit Computer, commands can be used without parentheses ' ( '. This means that
functions directly after a command should use parentheses ' ( ' .
Function
Variable = COLGET$( ""Type Name"", Number)
13-4 Commands with Multiple Values
Intermediate position between functions and commands
In the C programming language, functions which return multiple parameters can
use pointers to pass the data. However, this is not an option in BASIC. This means
that each piece of returned data requires its own function. In this software, a READ
function has been implemented that allows multiple pieces of information to be
carried over.
Command obtaining multiple values

TMREAD( "<time string>" ) ,H ,M ,S

When obtaining numbers, it is often necessary to have parameters. This is why Petit
Computer also allows parameters to be passed to a function. Petit Computer was not
designed to accommodate the parameter type or the number of parameters
changing.
H
Variable that retrieves hour
M
Variable that retrieves minute
S
Variable that retrieves seconds

14 Simple Alphabetical Listings

The commands and system functions in SmileBASIC are grouped into their
respective abbreviations, and are listed here in alphabetical order. For basic
command names, typing a single letter into the keyboard will bring up a list of
suggestions. Consult this table to see more details of the number and contents of
parameters.
A
Variable=ABS (number)
ACLS
AND
APPEND "PRG: file name"
Variable=ASC (character)
Variable=ATAN (radian value)
B
BEEP [ waveform number [,pitch [,volume [,panpot]]]]
Variable=BGCHK()
BGCLIP start x, start y, end x, end y
BGCLR [Layer]
BGCOPY layer, start x, start y, end x, end y, destination x, destination y
BGFILL
layer, start x, start y, end x, end y, character number, palette number, horizontal
rotation, vertical rotation
BGFILL layer, start point x, start point y, end x, end point y, screen data
BGFILL layer, start x, start point y, end point x, end point y, "screen data string"
Variable=BGMCHK( [track number] )
BGMCLEAR [song number]
Variable=BGMGETV (track number, variable number)
BGMPLAY song number
BGMPLAY track number, song number, [,track volume]
BGMPLAY "MML string"[,"MML string"...]
BGMPRG waveform number,A,D,S,R,"waveform string"
BGMSET song number,"MML string"[,"MML string"]
BGMSETD song number,@label
BGMSETD song number,variable$

BGMSETV track number,variable number,value

BGMSTOP [ track number] [, fade time]
BGMVOL [track number,] volume
BGOFS layer,x,y [,interpolation time]
BGPAGE screen
BGPUT layer, x, y, character number, palette number, horizontal rotation, vertical
rotation
BGPUT layer, x, y, screen data
BGPUT layer, x, y,"screen data string"
BGREAD (layer,x,y), CHR, PAL, H, V
BGREAD (layer, x, y), SC
BGREAD (layer, x, y),SC$
BREPEAT button ID [, start time, interval]
Variable=BTRIG()
Variable=BUTTON( [sorted])
C
CANCEL
Variable=CHKCHR( x coordinate,y coordinate )
Variable=CHR$(character code)
CHRINIT "character name"
CHRREAD ("character name",character number),C$
CHRSET "character name",character number, "graphic string"
CLEAR
CLS
COLINIT "color bank name", color number
COLOR palette number
COLREAD ("color bank name", color number),R,G,B
COLSET "color bank name",color number,"color data string"
CONT
Variable=COS (radian value)
CSRX
CSRY
D
DATA number, number,...
DATA "string", "string"...

DATA 123,345,56,"SAMPLE"
DATE$
Variable=DEG(radian value)
DELETE "resource name:file name"
DIM pos[4]
<color rgb5=00001f>DIM sample[10,5]
DTREAD (date string),YEAR,MON,DAY
E
ELSE
END
ERL
ERR
EXEC "PRG:file name"
Variable=EXP (number)
F
FALSE
FILES [resource name[,resource name...]]
Variable=FLOOR (number)
FOR variable=initial value TO final value [STEP increase]
FREEMEM
FREEVAR
FUNCNO
G
GBOX start x, start y, end x, end y [,color]
GCIRCLE x, y, radius [,color [, initial angle, final angle]]
GCLS [color]
GCOLOR color number
GCOPY [transfer page,] start x, start y, end x, end y, destination x, destination y,
copy mode
GDRAWMD status
GFILL start x, start y, end x, end y [,color]
GLINE start x, start y, end x, end y [,color]
GOSUB label
GOSUB variable$

GOTO @label
GOTO variable $
GPAGE screen [, drawing page][, display screen]
GPAINT x, y [, color [, border color]]
GPRIO number
GPSET x, y [,color]
GPUTCHR x, y, "character name", number, palette number, scale
Variable=GSPOIT(x,y)
H
Variable$=HEX$ (numerical value[, decimal places])
I
Numerical value=ICONCHK()
ICONCLR [ icon position ]
ICONPAGE
ICONPMAX
ICONPUSE
ICONSET icon position,icon number
When the IF condition is met, the designated command following THEN will be
performed.
IF condition is met THEN @label
When the IF condition is met, the designated command following THEN will be
performed. When these conditions are not met, the command following ELSE will be
performed.
IF condition THEN @label ELSE label
IF (condition) GOTO @label
IF condition is met GOTO @label. If condition is not met, the command after ELSE is
performed.
IF condition GOTO @label ELSE @label
Variable$=INKEY$()
INPUT ["string";] received variable
INPUT ["string";] received variable$
INPUT ["string";] received variable,
received variable$
Variable = INSTR ("string", "search target string")
K

KEY number, string

KEYBOARD
L
@label name
Variable$ = LEFT$ ("string", character count)
Variable=LEN(string)
LINPUT ["string";] received variable$
LIST
LIST @label
LIST line number
LOAD "resource name:file name" [,display control]
LOCATE x,y
Variable=LOG(numerical value)
M
MAINCNTL
MAINCNTH
MEM$
Variable$=MID$(string,initial position,character count)
N
NEW
NEXT [variable name]
NOT
O
ON variable GOSUB @label0,@label1,@label2...
ON variable GOTO @label0,@label1,@label2...
OR
P
PACKAGE$
Variable=PI()
PNLSTR x coordinate,y coordinate, "string" [, palette number]
PNLTYPE "panel name"
Variable = POW (numerical value, exponential value)
PROGRAM$

PRINT "string"
PRINT variable
PRINT variable$
PRINT variable;variable$;"string"
PRINT "string",variable,variable$
R
Variable=RAD(angle)
READ obtained variable1[,obtained variable2...]
READ A
READ B$
READ X,Y,Z,G$
REBOOT
RECVFILE "resource name:file name"
REM The following is a comment
'commenttext
RENAME "resource name:file name","new name"
RESTORE @label
RESTORE variable$
RESULT
RETURN
Variable$ = RIGHT$ ("string", character count)
Variable=RND(max value)
RSORT start point, number of elements, array 1 [, array 2...]
RUN
S
SAVE "resource name:file name"
SENDFILE "resource name:file name"
Variable=SGN(variable)
Variable=SIN(radian value)
SORT start point, number of elements, array 1 [, array 2...]
SPANGLE control number,angle [,interpolation time,change direction]
SPANIM control number,number of frames,time [,loop]
Variable=SPCHK(control number)
SPCHR control number, sprite character number [,palette number, horizontal
rotation, vertical rotation, order of precedence]

SPCLR [control number]

SPCOL control number, x, y, w, h, scale adjustment [, group]
SPCOLVEC control number [, displacement x, displacement y]
variable = SPGETV (control number, variable number)
variable = SPHIT (control number [, initially determined control number])
SPHITNO
variable = SPHITRC (control number, x, y, w, h [, displacement x, displacement y])
variable = SPHITSP (control number, control number of other user)
SPHITT
SPHITX
SPHITY
SPHOME control number, x, y
SPOFS control number,x,y [,interpolation time]
SPPAGE screen
SPREAD(control number), X, Y [, A, S, C]
SPSCALE control number,scale [,interpolation time]
SPSET Control number, sprite character number, palette number, horizontal
rotation, vertical rotation, order of precedence [, width, height]
SPSETV control number, variable number, value
Variable = SQR(number)
STEP
STOP
Variable$ = STR$(number)
Variable$ = SUBST$("string", start point, character number, "replacement string")
SWAP variable, variable
SWAP variable$, variable$
SYSBEEP
T
TABSTEP
Variable=TALKCHK()
TCHST
TCHTIME
TCHX
TCHY

THEN
TIME$
TMREAD (time string),HOUR,MIN,SEC
TO
TRUE
V
Variable=VAL(string)
VERSION
VISIBLE console,panel,BG0,BG1,SPRITE,256 color graphics
VSYNC frame number
W
WAIT frame number
X
XOR

15 System Variables
15-1 Numeric System Variables
R

(R=Read, W=Write)

CSRX

Current cursor x-axis (horizontal) position

CSRY

Current cursor y-axis (vertical) position

FREEMEM

Remaining memory available to user

VERSION

System Version (0xAABBCCDD, Version

AA.BB.CC.DD)

ERR

Error number immediately after error occurred

ERL

Number of line where error occurred.

RESULT

Result of running file-related command

TCHX

x coordinate pressed on Touch Screen.

TCHY

y coordinate pressed on Touch Screen.

TCHST

Touch status
(TRUE = Touched)

TCHTIME

Time Touch Screen is touched for

(Given in number of frames)

MAINCNTL

Frames elapsed since start of program (max. 145

minutes)

MAINCNTH

Duration of frame display since program launched

(data over 145 minutes)

TABSTEP

TRUE

Always 1

FALES

Always 0

CANCEL

Always -1

ICONPUSE

Amount TAB key will move(0-16)

FALSE=Don't use
TRUE=Use

ICONPAGE

Page number for user system icon

(0 is always entered in Run Mode)

ICONPMAX

Maximum number of pages for user system icon

(Does not work in Run Mode.)

FUNCNO

Number of function key pressed (1-5, 0=not pressed)

FREEVAR

Number of variables that can be saved

SYSBEEP

System sound effect controls (True = ON, False =

OFF)
KEYBOARD

Key Scan Code

SPHITNO

SPRITE Collision Detection Results

(-1=None, 0-99=Detection

SPHITX

Sprite Detection x Coordinate

SPHITY

Sprite Detection y Coordinate

SPHITT

Sprite Collision Time

15-2 Text String System Variables

R

(R=Read, W=Write)

TIME$

Obtains current time as a string (HH:MM:SS)

DATE$

Obtains current date as a string (YYYY/MM/DD)

MEM$

PRGNAME$

Number of strings that can be saved in file

The LOAD, EXEC, RECVFILE parameters run most
recently will be stored.

PACKAGE$

The package data for the last file read by the system
is stored.

15-3 KEY Scan Code

The system variable KEYBOARD is a special variable that allows the gathering of
keyboard data that cannot be gained from INKEY$. The values gained are not
numbers corresponding to characters, but are values that correspond to keys on the
keyboard. If nothing is inputted, the KEYBOARD variable will be 0.

16 Run Mode-Specific Commands

There are 5 commands that can only be used in Run Mode. These are related to
running and continuing programs and cannot be written into the programs
themselves:
NEW, LIST, RUN, CONT, FILES, REBOOT
16-1 NEW
This deletes the program.
Programs you are currently editing will be lost. If you wish to use them again, store
them using a SAVE command before exiting.
Format

NEW

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
16-2 LIST
Switches to Edit Mode and begins edit.
Format

LIST
LIST @label
LIST line number

Parameters

Line number

Designate line where source is

displayed.

@label

Designate line where source is

displayed.

Returns

None

Error

When line number or label does not exist.

16-3 RUN
This runs the program.
Format

RUN

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
17 CONT
Continues a program stopped with a STOP command.

Format

CONT

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error

When program has been run and cannot be continued.

16-5 FILES
Format

FILES [file type name [, file type name...] ]

Parameters

File Type Name

Strings are allocated according to the resource type of the target file.

Returns

PRG

Program (can be omitted)

MEM

Memory

COL

Color

GRP

Graphics

SCR

User screen

CHR

User character

None

Error
16-6 REBOOT
Exit BASIC and return to the Home Menu.
Programs you are currently editing will be lost, as well as other data, including
characters you are creating and color settings. If you wish to use any elements from
your current program again, please use the SAVE command.
Format

REBOOT

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error

17 Declarations & Assignment Commands

The following commands allow you to initialize memory, perform array declarations
and more:
CLEAR, =, DIM, REM, @, KEY
17-1 CLEAR
This resets variable names and BASIC internal memory.
Format

CLEAR

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
17-2 =(LET)
Assign (an abbreviation of the LET command)
Format

ABC=123
TEXT$=ABCDE

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
17-3 DIM
Array declarations
Element count for up to 2 dimensions.
Element count can be defined up to a total of 262144."
Format

DIM pos(4),size(4)
DIM sample(10,5)
DIM MSG$(15)

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
17-4 `(REM)
For annotations(comments).
The text following this command up to the next linebreak will be ignored.
Format

REM The following is a comment ` comment text

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
17-5 @(Label definition)
Declaration of the name, giving the line number.
This always needs to be added at the start of a row. The character string following @
will become the name under which it is saved. It can be used to give destinations
with commands such as GOTO and GOSUB.
Format

@label name

Parameters

Label name

Unlike strings, it is not

necessary to enclose with

Returns

None

Error

When characters or symbols that are not alphanumeric characters or

'_' are in a label name. When the label name is not defined.

17-6 KEY
Assigning Strings to Function Keys
When used in a user-created program, the string data assigned to the function key
will be entered in the program when that key is pressed.
Format

KEY number, "string"

Parameters

Number

Function Key Number (1-5)

String

Only 4 characters from the

assigned string will be
displayed, but strings of up to
256 characters can be saved.
When the full string cannot be
displayed, the last character will
be displayed as '.'

Returns

None

Error

When a number is designated that does not exist.

18 Variable Controls & WAIT Command

The following basic commands can be used to control variables:
SWAP, SORT, RSORT, VSYNC, WAIT
18-1 SWAP
This swaps the contents of 2 variables.
Format

SWAP variable 1, variable 2

SWAP variable $1, variable $2

Parameters
Returns

Variable 1

First variable

Variable 2

Second variable

None

Error
18-2 SORT
This arranges values in ascending order (199) in a one-dimensional array.
Format

SORT start position, number of elements, array 1 [ , array 2...]

Parameters

Start Position

Start Point to Arrange Values (0

Number of Elements

Total to be Arranged

Array 1

Name of Target Array *( ) is not

required.

[ array 2 ]...

Array results will be in order,

starting with array 1 (when
array names are entered, all
arrays will be arranged
according to the array 1
results).

Returns

None

Error

This routine with arrange the contents of array IX in ascending order

according to the contents of array V:
CLEAR
DIM IX(10),V(10)
FOR I=0 TO 9
IX(I)=I : V(I)=RND(100 )
PRINT I;"=";IX(I);":";V(I)

NEXT
SORT 0,10, V, IX
PRINT
FOR I=0 TO 9
PRINT I;"=";IX(I);":";V(I)
NEXT
18-3 RSORT
This arranges values in descending order (991) in a one-dimensional array.
Format

RSORT start position, number of elements, array 1 [ , array 2 ... ]

Parameters

Refer to SORT

Returns

None

Error
18-4 VSYNC
Same length as screen renewal time (waiting for graphics to be renewed).
Format

VSYNC Frame number

Parameters

Frame number

Indicates number of frames

since the VSYNC command
immediately beforehand. (0 =
ignore)

Returns

None

Error
18-5 WAIT
A simple wait command.
Format

WAIT frame number

Parameters

Frame number

The program will wait for the

designated number of frames.
(Setting the frame count to 60
will result in the program
waiting for 1 second).

Returns
Error

None

19 Branch Instructions
The following commands allow you to call routines and set branch instruction
conditions:
ONGOTO, ONGOSUB, GOTO, GOSUB, RETURN, STOP, END
19-1 ON GOTO
Causes program to branch depending on numeric values.
Format

Line number when ON variable GOTO variable =0 (or @label), numeric

value 1, numeric value 2...

Parameters

Variables

Returns

None

Branch Number (0

Error
19-2 ON GOSUB
Calls a sub-routine based on number
Format

Line number (or @label) when ON variable GOSUB variable =0,

numeric value 1, numeric value 2...

Parameters

Variables

Returns

None

Branch Number (0

Error
19-3 GOTO
Forced branch.
Instead of an label, you can also use a text string variable substituted for the label
name.
Format

GOTO @label
GOTO variable

Parameters

@label

Returns

None

Branch Destination Name

Error
19-4 GOSUB
Call sub-routine
Instead of an label, you can also use a text string variable substituted for the label
name.
Format

GOSUB @label

GOSUB variable
Parameters

@label

Returns

None

Branch Destination Name

Error
19-5 RETURN
Returns from a sub-routine.
Always use this command in conjunction with GOSUB.
Format

RETURN

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
19-6 STOP
Forces the currently running program to stop and returns to the console.
Format

STOP

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
19-7 END
Ends the program.
Format

END

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error

20 Repeat/Comparison Commands
The following commands allow you to repeat routines the designated number of
times or judge conditions:
FOR~TO~STEP, NEXT,
IF~THEN, IF~GOTO
20-1 FOR TO STEP
Repeat the designated number of times
If STEP has been omitted, it will be treated as STEP1. If increase is added and the
final value is less than the initial value, the FOR command will be skipped and the
NEXT and subsequent commands will be run.
Format

FOR variable = initial value TO final value [STEP increase]

Parameters

Variables

For Frequency Management

Initial Value

Number at Start

Final Value

Number at End

Increase

Value to Add Once

Returns

None

Error
20-2 NEXT
End of Loop
Always use as in conjunction with a FOR command
Format

NEXT [variable name]

Parameters

Variable name

Returns

None

Repeated variable

Error
20-3 IF THEN ELSE
Conditional Judgment
The IF command does not work across multiple lines.
Format

IF condition is met THEN command

IF condition is met THEN @label
IF condition met THEN command, IF condition not met ELSE command
IF condition is met THEN @label or ELSE @label

Parameters

Conditional

Comparison between content

If condition met

Command/Branch destination

If condition not met

Returns

Command/Branch destination

None

Error
20-4 IF GOTO ELSE
Conditional Judgment
The IF command does not work across multiple lines.
Format

IF condition met GOTO @label

IF condition met GOTO @label or ELSE other command
IF condition met GOTO @label or ELSE @label

Parameters

Returns
Error

Conditional

Comparison between content

If condition met

Command/Branch destination

If condition not met

Command/Branch destination

None

21 READ
Read Commands
The following commands relate to reading data and related tasks:
READ, DATA, RESTORE,
TMREAD(), DTREAD()
21-1 READ
Reads DATA.
Format

READ returned variable1 [, returned variable2...]

READ A,B,C
READ X$,Y$
READ X,Y,Z,G$

Parameters

Obtained variable...

Variable storing information

taken from DATA.(Multiple
designation possible.)

Returns

None

Error

When amount of data to be read is insufficient.

21-2 DATA
Definition of data to be read with READ command
can include a mix of alphanumeric characters.
Format

DATA number, number,...

DATA "string", "string",...
DATA 123,"SAMPLE",...

Parameters

Data

Sequences of strings and

numbers to be divided with ','

Returns

None

Error
21-3 RESTORE
Changes position of DATA to be READ.
Instead of an label, you can also use a text string variable substituted for the label
name.
Format

RESTORE @label
RESTORE variable</color>

Parameters

@label

Acquisition Position

Returns

None

Error
22-4 TMREAD()
Convert time string into number.
Format

TMREAD( time string ), HOUR, MIN, SEC

Parameters

Time string

HH:MM:SS Format of time

string

Returns

HOUR

Variable retrieving hour

MIN

Variable retrieving minute

SEC

Variable retrieving second

None

Error
22-5 DTREAD()
Convert the date string into a number.
Format

DTREAD( date string ), YEAR, MON, DAY

Parameters

DATA string

Date displayed in format:

YYYY/MM/DD

Returns
Error

YEAR

Variable retrieving Year

MON

Variable retrieving month

DAY

Variable retrieving day

None

22 Basic Console Commands

The following commands allow you to display or adjust characters on the console
screen:
CLSCOLORLOCATEPRINTCHKCHR()ACLSVISIBLE
22-1 CLS
Erases the contents of the console screen.
Format

CLS

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
22-2 COLOR
Caractor coler is specified on console display.
Format

TMREAD( time string ), HOUR, MIN, SEC

Parameters

Character Color

015 (Uses the 15th color of

the 16 color palette assigned to
BG screens)

Background Color
Returns

015 (0=transparent)

None

Error
22-3 LOCATE
Designates the position of the character display on the console.
Format

LOCATE x coordinate, y coordinate

Parameters

x coordinate

Horizontal coordinates (0-31)

*Values outside valid range may
be used.

y coordinate

Vertical coordinates (0-23)

*Values outside valid range may
be used.

Returns

None

Error
22-4 PRINT
Displays characters on the console.
Format

PRINT "string"
PRINT variable
PRINT variable$
PRINT variable;variable$;string
PRINT "string",variable,variable

Parameters

Used when displaying multiple

elements one after the other.

When displaying multiple

elements one after the other,
adjustments are made for TAB
position

Returns

None

Error
22-5 CHKCHR()
Search for character numbers on the console.
Format

Variable = CHKCHR (x coordinate, y coordinate)

Parameters

x coordinate

Used when displaying multiple

elements one after the other.

y coodinate

When displaying multiple

elements one after the other,
adjustments are made for TAB
position

Returns

Number

0-255=character code
(-1=outside range)

Error
22-6 ACLS
Reset Graphic Display Environment
Format

ACLS

Parameters

None

Returns

None

Error
The program below will return settings such as console, SPRITE, BG, graphic display
status and color settings to their default:
VISIBLE 1,1,1,1,1,1: ICONCLR
COLOR 0: CLS: GDRAWMD FALSE
FOR P=1 TO 0 STEP -1
GPAGE P,P,P: GCOLOR 0: GCLS: GPRIO 3
BGPAGE P: BGOFS 0,0,0: BGOFS 1,0,0
BGCLR: BGCLIP 0,0,31,23
SPPAGE P: SPCLR
NEXT
FOR I=0 TO 255
COLINIT "BG", I: COLINIT "SP", I
COLINIT "GRP",I
NEXT
22-7 VISIBLE
Control of screen display elements (using 0 will cause a particular element not to be
displayed, while using 1 will display it).
Format

VISIBLE console, panel, BG0, BG1, SPRITE, graphic

Parameters

Console

0=No display 1=Display

Panel

0=No display 1=Display

BG0

0=No display 1=Display

BG1

0=No display 1=Display

Sprite

0=No display 1=Display

Graphic

0=No display 1=Display

Returns
Error

None

23 Console Entry Commands

The following functions and commands will return data on inputted button and
strings:
INKEY$(), INPUT, LINPUT, BUTTON(), BTRIG(), BREPEAT
23-1 INKEY$()
Obtains a single character inputted on the keyboard.
This command will output the data from the TAB key converted into a space. For
system reasons, Backspace will not be returned. To use these keys, utilize a
keyboard system variable.
Format

Variable$=INKEY$0

Parameters

None

Returns

Character variable

A single keyboard character will

be returned.(When there is
nothing inputted, it will return
"".)

Error
23-2 INPUT
Obtain numbers or strings.
Format

INPUT ["string";] received variable

INPUT ["string";] received variable$
INPUT ["string";] received variable, received variable2$

Parameters

String

Explanatory text for entry

Received variable

Text string variable or value for

obtaining data entered on the
keyboard. Use commas to split
up commands, so you can enter
multiple commands.

Returns

None

Error
23-3 LINPUT
Retrieves string, including characters like ',' which cannot be entered via INPUT.
Format

LINPUT ["string";] received variable$

Parameters

String

Explanatory text for entry

Received variable

Variable for receiving a one line

string entered via keyboard.

Returns

None

Error
23-4 BUTTON()
This returns data from each button pressed.
When buttons are pressed simultaneously, the data is retrieved in bit from. For
instance, if up and right are pressed at the same time, the value 9 is returned. When
using values beside those for buttons being pressed, use VSYNC1 to synchronize the
action, completing it within 1/60th of a second during the man loop. Completing it
within 1/60th of a second during the main loop.
Format

Variable=BUTTON( [type] )

Parameters

Type (if unspecified, will be set to 0)

Returns

Pressed

Instant pressed (including rapid-fire button presses)

Instant pressed

Instant released

Number that corresponds to button

1

Up on +Control Pad

Down on +Control Pad

Left on +Control Pad

Right on +Control Pad

16

A Button

32

B Button

64

X Button

128

Y Button

256

L Button

512

R Button

1024

START

Error
23-5 BTRIG()
This returns data from the instant a button is pressed.

To use a precise value, use VSYNC1 to synchronize the a action, completing it within
1/60th of a second during the main loop.
Format

Variable=BTRIG()

Parameters

None

Returns

Variable

Variable corresponding to
button *BUTTON() Reference

Error
23-6 BREPEAT
Data Settings for Repeated Button Presses
The multiple button press function is usually set to OFF. Use this command to
activate it. When you designate a button using the Button ID, that button's repeated
press function will be switched OFF as standard. The unit of time 1 corresponds to
1/60th of a second.
Format

BREPEAT Button ID [ , start time, interval ]

Parameters

Button ID (control number)

0

Up on +Control Pad

Down on +Control Pad

Left on +Control Pad

Right on +Control Pad

A Button

B Button

X Button

Y Button

L Button

R Button

10

Returns
Error

START

Start Time

0-

Interval

1 (0=Pause)

None

24 Panel & Icon Commands

The following commands let you perform tasks like changing panel type, and
checking user system icon status or adjusting their settings:
PNLTYPE, PNLSTR, ICONSET, ICONCLR, ICONCHK()
24-1 PNLTYPE
Changes the panel type.
Format

PNLTYPE "panel name"

Parameters

Panel name
Strings that select type to be displayed on Lower Screen:

Returns

OFF

No panel is displayed

PNL

When there is no keyboard

KYA

English keyboard

KYM

Symbol keyboard

KYK

Kana keyboard

None

Error
24-2 PNLSTR
String Display on Lower Screen.
Unlike on the console on the upper screen, line breaks will not be added
automatically, even when displaying the last line.
Format

PNLSTR x coordinate, y coordinate, "string", palette number

Parameters

x coordinate

Horizontal coordinates (0-31)

*Values outside valid range may
be used.

y coordinate

Vertical coordinates (0-23)

*Values outside valid range may
be used.

Palette number
Returns

0 15

None

Error
24-3 ICONSET
Settings for user system icon characters (or to initiate display).

Format

ICONSET icon position, icon number

Parameters

Icon position

User system icon number (0

3)

Icon number

Character control numbers for

icons )0- 63)

Returns

None

Error
24-4 ICONCLR
Cancels display of user system icons.
Format

ICONCLR icon position

Parameters

Icon position

0 3 (if unspecified, this will

apply to all icons)

Returns

None

Error
24-5 ICONCHK()
Check current status of user system icons.
Format

Number = ICONCHK()

Parameters

None

Returns

Number

0 3 (icon location), -1 = not

pressed

Error

25 File & Communication Commands

The following commands are used for operations relating to files, such as loading,
saving and deleting. Dialog boxes will appear after using these commands, allowing
you to confirm your decision:
LOADSAVEDELETERENAMERECVFILESENDFILE
25-1 LOAD
Loads file.
Format

LOAD "resource name:file name" [ , display control ]

Parameters

Resource Name
Strings assigned to the resources to be read.
PRG

Program (Can be omitted)

MEM

Memory

COL0

BG Colors

COL1

SPRITE Collors

COL2

Graphic Colors

GRP0

Graphics (For 4 Pages)

:
GRP3
SCU0

Foreground layer

SCU1

Background layer

BGU0

Users GB Characters(Bank x 4)

:
BGU3
SPU0

User Sprite Characters (Bank x 8)

:
SPU3
Display control

Enter FALSE and the dialog box

will not be displayed during
loading.

Returns

None

Error

Result

FALES
TRUE
CANCEL

25-2 SAVE

This saves a file. (A dialog box confirming the decision will appear.)
You cannot use filenames that match the names of files included as samples with
this software.
Format

SAVE "Resource name:file name"

Parameters

Resource name

Returns

None

Error

RESULT

*Refer to LOAD
FALES
TRUE
CANCEL

25-3 DELETE
Erases file.
You cannot delete files included as samples with this software.
Format

DELETE "Resource name:file name"

Parameters

Name of File Type

Returns

None

Error

RESULT

*Refer to FILES
FALES
TRUE
CANCEL

25-4 RENAME
Changes file names.
Format

RENAME "resource name: file name", "new name"

Parameters

Name of File Type

Returns

None

Error

RESULT

*Refer to FILES
FALES
TRUE
CANCEL

25-5 RECVFILE
Receive a Petit Computer file another user has saved on their DSi system (displays
confirmation message).
Format

RECVFILE "resource name: file name

Parameters

Name of File Type

Returns

None

*Refer to FILES

Error

RESULT

FALES
TRUE
CANCEL

25-6 SENDFILE
Send files to another user who has a DSi with Petit Computer saved on it.
Format

SENDFILE "resource file: file name"

Parameters

File type name

Returns

None

Error

RESULT

*Refer to FILES
FALES
TRUE
CANCEL

26 File Commands (Expert)

These commands are geared towards experts who have a high level of
understanding of files and resources. If you do not understand these commands
after reading the explanation, please avoid using them.
APPEND, EXEC, SAVE (as package)
26-1 APPEND
Combining Programs (In Run Mode)
You can add another program to the end of a program you are editing. If you use the
APPEND command without having fully understood how the command functions,
you may append a program to the one you are editing and prevent your current
program from working properly. Please ensure that you have fully understood the
command before making use of it.
Format

APPEND "File Name"

Parameters

File name

File names of programs you

wish to combine.

Returns

None

Error

RESULT

FALES=Failure

26-2 EXEC
Loads and runs other programs from within the current program.
Format

EXEC "file name"

Parameters

File name

Returns

None

Error

RESULT

Name of program file to run

FALES=Failure

26-3 Save (As Package)

This allows you to save programs and resources together.
Files outputted in package form can be extremely large. Ensure that you have
enough free space available when saving programs as package-type files. Please
note that when programs saved as package-type files are opened with a LOAD
command, all resources included in the package will also be loaded.
Format

SAVE "Resource Name:File Name", "Package Parameter String"

Parameters

Package Parameter String

Data for Designating Resources

to be Saved at Same Time

Returns

None

Error

RESULT

FALES
TRUE
CANCEL

26-4 Package Parameter String

Bitwise data allowing you to select resource types will be displayed in hexadecimal
string form.
Change the bitwise data corresponding to resources saved at the same time to 1 and
you can save data including all resources in a single file.
(e.g.) You can save resources such as these:
- Upper screen user's sprite 0, 6, 7 and color
- Both upper screen user's BG0 and BG Screen and color
The resources structures above can be expressed in binary or hexadecimal form.
COL0U

BGU0U

COL1U

SPU7

SCU0U

SPU6

SCU1U

SPU0

0011

0110

0001

1100

0001

Save package parameters as a hexadecimal string.

SAVE "TEST", "361C1"
Please note that when using HEX$, a maximum value of 20 bits can be used.
b00

SPU0 Upper Screen User Sprite Character 0

b01

SPU1 Upper Screen User Sprite Character 1

b02

SPU2 Upper Screen User Sprite Character 2

b03

SPU3 Upper Screen User Sprite Character 3

b04

SPU4 Upper Screen User Sprite Character 4

b05

SPU5 Upper Screen User Sprite Character 5

b06

SPU6 Upper Screen User Sprite Character 6

b07

SPU7 Upper Screen User Sprite Character 7

b08

BGU0U Upper Screen User BG Character 0

b09

BGU1U Upper Screen User BG Character 1

b10

BGU2U Upper Screen User BG Character 2

b11

BGU3U Upper Screen User BG Character 3

b12

BGUFU Upper Screen Font

b13

COL0U Upper Screen BG Color

b14

COL1U Upper Screen SPRITE Color

b15

COL2U Upper Screen Graphic Color

b16

SCU0U Upper Screen BG Foreground Layer

b17

SCU1U Upper Screen BG Background Layer

b18

GRP0 Graphic Page 0

b19

GRP0 Graphic Page 1

b20

GRP0 Graphic Page 2

b21

GRP0 Graphic Page 3

b22

MEM Memory String

b23

System Reservation

b24

System Reservation

b25

System Reservation

b26

System Reservation

b27

BGU0L Lower Screen User BG Character 0

b28

BGU1L Lower Screen User BG Character 1

b29

BGU1L Lower Screen User BG Character 2

b30

BGU1L Lower Screen User BG Character 3

b31

BGUFL Lower Screen Font

b32

COL0L Lower Screen BG Color

b33

COL1L Lower Screen SPRITE Color

b34

COL2L Lower Screen Graphic Color

b35

SCU0L Lower Screen BG Foreground Layer

b36

SCU1L Lower Screen BG Background Layer

b37

System Reservation

b38

System Reservation

b39

System Reservation

b40

System Reservation

b41

System Reservation

b42

System Reservation

b43

System Reservation

b44

System Reservation

b45

Unused

b46

Unused

b47

Unused

27 Basic Mathematical Functions

The following mathematical functions allow you to perform tasks including obtaining
integers, absolute values and codes and generating random numbers:
FLOOR(), RND(), ABS(), SGN()
27-1 FLOOR()
Obtain the integer or whole number.
You can also use the AND command to obtain an integer in a 1 byte range (e.g.) A=A
AND &HFF
Format

Variable = FLOOR( number )

Parameters

Number

Number

Returns

Number

Requested result

Error
27-2 RND()
Gives a random number up to the designated value.
Format

Variable = RND(maximum number )

Parameters

Maximum Number

Maximum number generated

Returns

Number

Random number from 0

maximum number (not
including the maximum value)

Error
27-3 ABS()
Obtains an absolute value.
Format

Variable = ABS( number )

Parameters

Number

Number from which you want to

obtain an absolute value

Returns

Number

Absolute value

Error
27-4 SGN()
Obtains a code.
Format

Variable = SGN( variable )

Parameters

Number

Number to check code

Returns

Number

0 or +1,-1

Error

28 Exponential Figures & Logarithms

"The following commands allow you to perform logarithms and generate
exponential figures (numbers to the power of other numbers):
SQR()EXP()LOG()POW()
28-1 SQR()
Obtains the square root of a number.
Format

Variable = SQR( number )

Parameters

Number

Original numerical value

Returns

Number

Requested result

Error

When value is negative number

28-2 EXP()
Looks for the exponent value.
Format

Variable = EXP( number )

Parameters

Number

Original numerical value

Returns

Number

Requested result

Error
28-3 LOG()
Calculated natural logarithm.
Format

Variable = LOG( variable )

Parameters

Number

Original numerical value

Returns

Number

Calculated result

Error
28-4 POW()
Use this command to return an exponential value - multiplying a number by the
power of another number.
Format

Variable=POW(numerical value, exponential value)

Parameters

Number

Original numerical value

Returns

Exponential value

Value when multiplied to power

of exponential value

Error

When the value is a negative number and the exponential value is not
a whole number (integer).

29 Trigonometric Functions
The following mathematical functions allows you to perform calculations including
the value of sine and cosine:
PI(), RAD(), DEG(), SIN(), COS(), TAN(), ATAN()
29-1 PI()
Obtains value of PI.
Format

Variable=PI()

Parameters

None

Returns

Number

Value of PI (circumference ratio)

Error
29-2 RAD()
Obtain a radian figure from angle data.
Format

Variable=RAD(angle)

Parameters

Angle

0 360

Returns

Number

Radian figure from angle

Error
29-3 DEG()
Obtains angle data from radian value.
Format

Variable=DEG(radian)

Parameters

Radian

0 2

Returns

Number

Angle from radian value

Error
29-4 SIN()
Returns sine value.
Format

Variable=SIN(radian)

Parameters

Radian

Radian value of angle

Returns

Number

Requested result

Error
29-5 COS()
Returns cosine value.

Format

Variable=COS(radian)

Parameters

Radian

Radian value of angle

Returns

Number

Requested result

Error
29-6 TAN()
Returns tangent value.
Format

Variable=TAN(radian)

Parameters

Radian

Radian value of angle

Returns

Number

Requested result

Error
29-7 ATAN()
Obtains the arc tangent value.
Can also be used as a function for determining direction from 2 parameters ( Y, X )
and displacement. Desired direction=ATAN( destination y-y, destination x-x )
Format

Variable=ATAN(radian)

Parameters

Radian

Radian value of angle

Returns

Number

Requested result

Error

31 Basic Character Functions

The following character-related functions allow you to obtain data from strings and
find the codes for designated characters:
ASC(), CHR$(), VAL(), STR$(), HEX$()
30-1 ASC()
Character code of designated character.
Format

Variable=ASC(character)

Parameters

Character

Single Character

Returns

Number

Character code of designated

character

Error
30-3 VAL()
Obtains a number from a string.
Format

Variable=VAL(string)

Parameters

String

String with number

Returns

Number

Number extracted from string

Error
30-4 STR$()
Obtain a string from a number.
Format

Variable=STR$(number)

Parameters

Number

Number you want to convert to

string

Returns

Character

String generated from number

Error
30-5 HEX$()
Gives a hexadecimal string from a number.
Format

Variable$ = HEX$ (numerical value [, decimal places])

Number

Number you want to convert to

hexadecimal string

Decimal Places

1~5 (When the value does not

correspond to the given number
of decimal places, the remaining

figures will be replaced by 0.)

Returns

Character

Hexadecimal string generated

from number.

Error

31 Search & Replace Character Functions

The following functions and commands will return data on character numbers, and
obtain sections of strings:
LEN, MID$, RIGHT$, LEFT$, INSTR(), SUBST$
31-1 LEN()
Obtains the number of characters within a string.
Format

Variable=LEN(string)

Parameters

String

String you want to determine

the length of

Returns

Number

Number of characters (every

character is counted as 1)

Error
31-2 MID$()
Extracts a string of a designated length starting from the initial position within the
target string.
Format

Variable$ = MID$( string, initial position, number of characters )

Parameters

String

Original string

Initial position

Initial position of characters

Number of characters

Number of characters to be
retrieved

Returns

Character

Extracted string

Error
31-3 RIGHT$()
The designated number of characters will be obtained, counting from the right side
of the character string.
Format

Variable$ = RIGHT$ ( character string, number of characters )

Parameters

Number of characters

Original string

Number of characters

Number of characters to be
retrieved

Returns
Error
31-4 LEFT$()

Character

Extracted string

The designated number of characters will be obtained, counting from the left side of
the character string.
Format

Variable$ = LEFT$ ( character string, number of characters )

Parameters

String

Original string

Number of characters

Number of characters to be
retrieved

Returns

Character

Extracted string

Error
31-5 INSTR
This will search for a particular character string within the designated search range.
Format

Variable = INSTR ( character string, character strings to search )

Parameters

Number of characters

Original string

Character strings to search within

Character string to search for

Number

Position within character string

Returns

(0, -1=None)
Error
31-6 SUBST$
Use this command to replace a character string.
Format

Variable $ = SUBST$ ( character string, start position, number of

characters, character string to substitute with )

Parameters

String

Original string

Initial position

Original position of the string

you wish to replace (0number
of characters -1)

Returns

Number of characters

Number of characters to replace

Modified character string

Modified character string

Character

Character string after

replacement.

Error

32 Basic Graphic Commands

The following commands perform tasks such as designating the graphic page to be
used and erasing graphics:
GPAGE, GCOLOR, GCLS, GSPOIT()
32-1 GPAGE
Designates the graphic screen to be used.
Format

GPAGE screen

Parameters

Screen

0=Upper Screen
1=Lower Screen

Returns

None

Error
32-2 GCOLOR
Assigns graphic color on graphic screen.
Format

GCOLOR color number

Parameters

Color number

Returns

None

0 - 255

Error
32-3 GCLS
Erases images on designated graphic screen.
Format

GCLS [ color ]

Parameters

Color

Returns

None

0 - 255

Error
32-4 GSPOIT()
Checks color of designated location.
Format

Variable=GSPOIT (x coordinate, y coordinate)

Parameters

x coordinate

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y coordinate

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Color

0 255 (-1 if outside range)

Returns
Error

None

33 Graphic Screen Commands

The following commands allow you to draw lines and circles and color sections of the
screen:
GPSET, GPAINT, GLINE, GBOX, GFILL, GCIRCLE, GPUTCHR
33-1 GPSET
Adds a dot.
Format

GPSET x coordinate, y coordinate [ ,color ]

Parameters

x coordinate

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y coordinate

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Color
Returns

0 255 (-1 if outside range)

None

Error
33-2 GPAINT
Fills in color from designated point.
Where the border color has been designated, the area this border surrounds will be
filled with a single color. To save time, any color adjacent to the designated location
which has the same color will be filled in. This does not work in XOR display mode.
Format

GPAINT x coordinate, y coordinate [ ,color ]

Parameters

x coordinate

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y coordinate

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Returns

Color

0 255 (-1 if outside range)

Border Color

0 255

None

Error
33-3 GLINE
Draws a line.
Format

GLINE x start point, y start point, x end point, y end point [ ,color ]

Parameters

x start point

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y start point

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

x end point

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y end point

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Color

0 255 (if omitted, color will be

GCOLOR)

Returns

None

Error
33-4 GBOX
Draws a box.
Format

GBOX x start point, y start point, x end point, y end point [ ,color ]

Parameters

x start point

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y start point

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

x end point

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y end point

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Color

0 255 (if omitted, color will be

GCOLOR)

Returns

None

Error
33-5 GFILE
Fills in color of a rectangle.
Format

GFILE x start point, y start point, x end point, y end point [ ,color ]

Parameters

x start point

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y start point

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

x end point

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y end point

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Color

0 255 (if omitted, color will be

GCOLOR)

Returns

None

Error
33-6 GCIRCLE
Drawas a circle.
Format

GCIRCLE x coordinate, y coordinate, radius [ ,color ] [, initial angle,

final angle ]

Parameters

x coordinate

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y coordinate

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Radius

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Color

0 255 (if omitted, color will be

GCOLOR)

Initial angle

0 360 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Final angle

0 360 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Returns
Error

None

34 Graphic Commands (Expert)

The following commands allow you to perform tasks such as designating special
pages, copying screens, and displaying characters on the graphic screen:
GPAGE, GDRAWMD, GPRIO, GCOPY, GPUTCHR
34-1 GPAGE(Expert)
This allows you to select a graphic screen to control, and then demarcate internal
graphic areas within it, allocating specific areas for drawing and display.
Initialized situation and Run ACLS Command function, Assignment GPAGE 0,0,0 and
GPAGE 1,1,1.
Format

GPAGE screen [,drawing page , display page]

Parameters

Screen

0=Upper Screen
1=Lower Screen

Returns

Drawing Page

03

Display Page

03

None

Error
On the upper and lower screen, you can allocate the pages to be displayed from a
total of 4. First, select either the upper or lower screen and then allocate the pages
you wish to have displayed on it. You can use drawing commands such as GPAINT to
draw on a page that has not been selected for on-screen display. When you have
finished the graphics, it is possible to then switch to this screen when you wish to
have it displayed.

34-2 GPRIO
Modifying Display Order Priority on the Graphic Screen
As standard, the display always appears behind the sprites on screen. The values for
the display order priority are designed for sprite display.

Format

GPRIO Number

Parameters

Number

Returns

None

03

Error
34-3 GDRAWMD
This is used to designate drawing color in XOR Display Mode.
When using the XOR display mode, you can erase the contents of an image by
drawing an image twice in the same place.
Format

GDRAWMD Status

Parameters

Status

FALSE=Normal color
TRUE=XOR

Returns

None

Error
34-4 GCOPY
This command copies the graphic screen.
Format

GDRAWMD StatusGCOPY [ transfer source page, ] start x, start y, end

x, end y, destination x, destination y, Copy Mode

Parameters

x coordinate

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

y coordinate

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Returns

Character name

*Refer to CHRINIT

Character number

Character color (1 15)

Scale

Magnification (1,2,4,8)

None

Error
34-5 GPUTCHR
This displays the assigned character graphic data on the graphic screen.
This command will copy the data for the designated palette number to the graphic
palette. The assigned location will be colored with the 16th shade of the 16th color
from the designated palette number.
Format

GPUTCHR x coordinate, y coordinate, "character name", number,

palette number, scale

Parameters

Transfer Source Page

03

Start point x

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Start point y

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

End point x

0 255 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

END point y

0 191 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Transfer destination x

0 255

Transfer destination y

0 191

Copy mode

Copy of Color 0
FALES = Do not perform
True = Perform

Returns
Error

None

35 Color & Character Commands

The following commands allow you to control the elements displayed on the screen,
designate colors or retrieve data, define characters or reset the screen:
COLINIT, COLSET, COLREAD(), CHRINIT, CHRSET, CHRREAD()
35-1 COLINT
Restores the initial color.
Format

COLINIT "color bank name", color number

Parameters

Color bank name

Strings designating target:
BG

BG screens

SP

Sprites

GRP
Color number
Returns

Graphics
0 255

None

Error
35-2 COLSET
Assign new color
BG number 0 is the background color
Format

COLSET "color bank name", color number, "color data string

Parameters

Color bank name

*Refer to COLINIT

Color number

*Refer to COLINIT

Color data string

In hexadecimal (base 16)

notation(the order is RRGGBB)
Each element will be 00~FF
(e.g.)"FF00AA"

Returns

None

Error
35-3 COLREAD()
Retrieves designated color data. (Each element 0~255)
Format

COLREAD( "color bank name", color number ), R, G, B

Parameters

Color bank name

*Refer to COLINIT

Color number

*Refer to COLINIT

Returns

Variable for red

Variable for green

Variable for blue

None

Error
35-4 CHRINIT
Resets designated character to initial state.
Format

CHRINIT "character name"

Parameters

Character name
Strings designating character:
BGU0

User BG character

:
BGU3
SPU0

User sprite character

:
SPU7
Returns

None

Error
35-5 CHRSET
Define a single character (8x8 pixel units)
Format

CHRSET character name, character number, graphic string

Parameters

Character name

*Refer to CHRINIT

Character Number

0 255

Graphic string

16 color 8x8 pixel character

data is expressed in
hexadecimal (base 16) notation

Returns
Error

None

(e.g.) A hexadecimal string has been generated from the character shown above:
5554441255444111544411164441116644111666411166671116667731666777
(each character represents 1 pixel)
35-6 CHRREAD()
Retrieves data for the designated character.
Format

CHRREAD( "character name", character name ), C$

Parameters

Character name

*Refer to CHRINIT

Character Number

*Refer to CHRINIT

C$

Variable for graphic string

*Refer to CHRSET

Returns
Error

None

36 Basic Sprite Commands

The following commands allow you to perform actions such as starting and pausing
sprite movement:
SPPAGE, SPSET, SPCLR, SPHOME
36-1 SPPAGE
Designates the screen to be used for sprites.
Although the lower screen can be selected, it is generally used for the keyboard.
User characters cannot be displayed on this screen, and only the simple graphics
already pre-loaded can be used.
Format

SPPAGE screen

Parameters

Screen

0 = Upper Screen
1 = Lower Screen

Returns

None

Error
36-2 SPSET
Sprite definition (activation).
Activates a sprite designated by a control number. The coordinates are reset to 0,0.
Once a sprite has been activated using SPSET and you wish only to change the
character number, use the SPRCHR command.
Format

SPSET control number, character number, palette number, horizontal

rotation, vertical rotation, order of precedence

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Sprite character number

0~511 (for display on lower

screen 0~117

Palette number

015

horizontal rotation

0=None
1=Horizontal rotation

Vertical rotation

0=None
1=Vertical rotation

Order of Priority

In front of console

In front of BG (front
layer)

Between 2 BG layers

Behind rear BG layer

The order of priority for sprite

display is determined by the
control number: the sprite with
the lower number will be
displayed further forward.
Width

8, 16, 32, 64
(Unless specified, this value will
be 16)

height

8, 16, 32, 64
(Unless specified, this value will
be 16)

Returns

None

Error
The following combinations of height and width values cannot be assigned: 8x64,
16x64, 64x8, 64x16
36-3 Rules for Storing Sprites
When the SPSET command has been used to assign sprite size, attention should be
paid to the size and the character number of the displayed sprite. A character
defined in the normal way will be stored as a unit of 16x16 pixels. If a character of a
different size is used, its positioning will have to be adjusted as required.

8x8

16x8

32x8

64x8(Not
Permitted)

8x16

16x16

32x16

64x16(Not
Permitted)

8x32

16x32

32x32

64x32

8x64 (Not

16x64 (Not

Permitted)

Permitted)

32x64

64x64

36-4 SPCLR
Erase sprite (Prevent sprites being activated)
Format

SPCLR control number

Parameters

Control number

0~99 (if omitted, all sprites will

be erased)

Returns

None

Error
36-5 SPHOME
Designating Start Point for Sprite Display
When this command is omitted, the start point for the display will be assigned as top
left (0,0).
Format

SPHOME control number, x, y

Parameters

Control number

0~99

0~63

0~63

Returns
Error

None

37 Sprite Control Commands

The following commands allow you to change sprite coordinates or animate sprites:
SPOFS, SPCHR, SPANIM, SPANGLE, SPSCALE
37-1 SPOFS
Changes sprite coordinates.
Format

SPOFS control number, x coordinate, y coordinate [,interpolation time]

Parameters

x coordinate

1024
(Values outside valid range may
be used)

y coordinate

1024
(Values outside valid range may
be used)

Interpolation time

Time taken to automatically add

interpolation between current
state and new value. (1=1/60th
sec)

Returns

None

Error
37-2 SPCHR
Changes the sprite character number.
Format

SPCHR control number, character number [, palette number,

horizontal rotation, vertical rotation, order of precedence ]

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Sprite character number

0 511 (for display on lower

screen 0 117

Returns

Palette number

0 15

Horizontal rotation

0=none, 1=rotate

Vertical rotation

0=none, 1=rotate

Order of precedence

03

None

Error
37-3 SPANIM
Displays sprite animation.

Starting with the current designated character number, using this command will
make the character number change at defined intervals, It will change within the
range of the designated number of frames.
Format

SPANIM control number, number of frames, time [, loop]

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Number of frames

Time

Time to display 1 frame

(1=1/60th sec)

Loop

0=Endless loop, 1~ (Loop

number)

Returns

None

Error
37-4 SPANGLE
This is used to modify the angle of sprites.
From the initial position, the start point for rotation will be at the top left of the sprite.
To modify the point around which the sprite rotates, use the SPHOME command.
Format

SPANGLE control number, angle [, interpolation time, change

direction ]

Parameters

Control number

0 31

Angle

0 360 (Values outside valid

range may be used)

Interpolation time

Time taken to automatically add

interpolation between current
state and new value. (1=1/60th
sec)

Change direction

1=Clockwise
-1=Anticlockwise
(if omitted, will be clockwise)

Returns

None

Error
37-5 SPSCALE
Changes the scaling of sprites.

When using SPANGLE to rotate a sprite with a scale of 200%, any section of the
sprite that protrudes beyond the rectangular area corresponding to this 200% will
not be displayed.
Format

SPSCALE control number, scale [, interpolation time ]

Parameters

Control number

0 31

Scale

0 200 (proportion in percent)

Interpolation time

Time taken to automatically add

interpolation between current
state and new value. (1=1/60th
sec)

Returns
Error

None

38 Commands for Obtaining Sprite Data

The following commands allow a whole range of sprite data to be obtained:
SPCHK(), SPREAD(), SPSETV, SPGETV()
38-1 SPCHEK()
Automatically retrieves interpolation data.
Format

Variable = SPCHK( control number)

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Returns

Number

Interpolation has ended when

value reaches 0.
b00

Coordinate

b01

Angle

b02

Scale

b03

Play Animation

Error
38-2 SPREAD()
This command is used to read sprite data.
This allows you to obtain data relating to angles and new coordinates when
interpolation is used.
Format

SPREAD (control number), X, Y [, A ][, S ][, C ]

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Scale

0 200 (proportion in percent)

Variable for obtaining X

coordinate

Variable for obtaining Y

coordinate

Variable for obtaining angle

Variable for obtaining scale

Variable for obtaining character

data

Returns
Error
38-3 SPSETV

None

Pre-set Variable Assigned to Each Sprite

Users are free to use these variables as they like. For instance, each sprite could
retain data on health, attack and defense power without needed to program an array.
Use these variables by substituting them for the initial values.
Format

SPSETV control number, variable number, value

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Variable number

07

Value

Number

Returns

None

Error
38-4 SPGETV()
This is used to read the pre-set variables assigned to each sprite.
Format

Variable = SPGETV( control number, variable number )

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Variable number

07

Number

Variable control

Returns
Error

39 Sprite Collision Detection Commands

The following commands relate to collision detection for sprites:
SPCOL, SPCOLVEC, SPHIT(), SPHITSP(), SPSPHITRC()
39-1 SPCOL
This defines blocks for sprite collision detection.
If this command is not utilized, the offset will be 0,0 and the size will be that defined
by the SPSET command.
Format

SPCOL control number, x, y width, height, scale adjustment [, group ]

Parameters

Control number

0 99

64

64

Width

1 64

Height

1 64

Scale Adjustment

FALSE=Ignore
TRUE=Synchronize

Group

0255 (Group settings in bit

units)

Returns

None

Error
You can allocate bits as you like within the group. For instance, the 4 lower bits could
be player data, while the 4 upper bits could be enemy data. For collision detection
between players and enemies, insert an &HF0 into the group.
b00

Player

b01

Players Shots

b02

Effect

b03

Item

b04

Enemy

b05

Enemys Shots

b06

Boss

b07

Background Obstacles

39-2 SPCOLVEC
This defines movement speed for use in collision detection.
This is used when the amount of movement (displacement) needs to be defined.
When this is not required, the displacement can be omitted. When this command is
not run, it will be automatically calculated using the time assigned with SPOFS and
the value obtained from the destination. When movement time is not assigned with
SPOFS, the displacement will be given as 0.
Format

SPCOLVEC control number, displacement x displacement y

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Displacement x

16.0

Displacement y

16.0

Returns

None

Error
39-3 SPHIT()
This detects sprite collision.
This command is used to detect collision between sprites from the same group.
When sprites collide, data from the other sprite will be preserved as system
variables.

Format

SPHIT( control number, [ initial control number ] )

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Initial control number

099 (when omitted, it will be

all numbers excluding your
own)

Returns

Results

TRUE = Collision

Error
39-4 SPHITSP()
This detects collision between sprites.
This command is used to detect collision between the user's sprites, and those of the
designated opponent's sprites. Following collision, the opponent's sprite data will be
retained as system variables.
Format

SPHITSP ( control number, opponent control number )

Parameters

Control number

0 99

Opponent control number

0 99

Results

TRUE = Collision

Returns
Error

39-5 SPHITRC()
This detects collision between sprites and blocks.
This command detects collision between sprites and blocks of the size designated by
you. Following collision, the sprite data of the sprite defined as the opponent will be
retained as system variables.
Format

SPHITRC ( control number,start x, start y, width, height [ ,

displacement x, displacement y ] )

Parameters

Returns
Error

Control number

0 99

x start point

1024

y start point

1024

Width

Height

Displacement x

16.0

Displacement y

16.0

Results

TRUE = Collision

40 BG Basic Commands
The following commands allow you to perform tasks such as designating the BG
screen to be controlled, altering display offsets and writing onto assigned BG screen
positions:
BGPAGE, BGCLIP, BGOFS, BGPUT, BGREAD()
40-1 BGPAGE
Designates the BG screen to be controlled.
Format

BGPAGE screen

Parameters

Screen

0=Upper Screen
1=Lower Screen

Returns

None

Error
40-2 BGCLR
Clears the BG screen (filling it with character 0)
Format

BGCLR [ layer ]

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,1=Background
(Applies to both if not specified)

Returns

None

Error
40-3 BGCLIP
Assigns display parameters (for all layers).
Format

BGCLIP x start point, y start point, x end point, y end point

Parameters

x start point

031

y start point

023

x end point

031

y end point

023

Returns

None

Error
40-4 BGOFS
Alters offset of BG screen display.
Format

BGOFS layer, x coordinate, y coordinate [ , interpolation time ]

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground
1=Rear

x coordinate

Horizontal coordinate (0 511)

(Values outside valid range may
be used)

y coordinate

Vertical coordinate (0 511)

(Values outside valid range may
be used)

Interpolation time

Time taken to automatically add

interpolation between current
state and new value. (1=1/60th
sec)

Returns

None

Error
40-5 BGPUT
Writes onto designated location on BG screens.
Format

BGPUT layer, x coordinate, y coordinate, character number, palette

number, horizontal rotation, vertical rotation

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground
1=Rear

x coordinate

Horizontal coordinate (0 63)

(Values outside valid range may
be used)

y coordinate

Vertical coordinate (0 63)

(Values outside valid range may
be used)

Character number

0 1023

Palette number

0 15

Horizontal rotation

0=None,
1=rotation

Vertical rotation

0=None,
1=rotation

Returns
Error

None

40-6 BGFILE
This command fills the BG screen within assigned block limitations.
Format

BGFILL layer, start x, start y, end x, end y, character number, palette

number, horizontal rotation, vertical rotation

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground
1=Rear

x start point

0 63

y start point

0 63

x end point

0 63

y end point

0 63

Character number

0 1023

Palette number

0 15

Horizontal rotation

0=None,
1=rotation

Vertical rotation

0=None,
1=rotation

Returns

None

Error
40-7 BGREAD()
Obtains data from designated location on BG screens.
Format

BGREAD( layer, x coordinate, y coordinate ), CHR, PAL, H, V

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground
1=Rear

x coordinate

Horizontal coordinate (0 63)

(Values outside valid range may
be used)

y coordinate

Vertical coordinate (0 63)

(Values outside valid range may
be used)

CHR

Variable for character number

PAL

Variable for palette number

Variable for horizontal rotation

Variable for vertical rotation

Returns
Error

None

41 BG Commands (Expert)
The following commands can be used to obtain data on BG status, draw special
shapes, or fill the screen with color:
BGCHK(), BGCOPY, BGPUT, BGFILL, BGREAD()
41-1 BGCHK()
Obtains data on the status of the BG screen which has been modified using the
BGOFS command.
Format

BGCHK(layer)

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,
1=Rear

Returns

Number

Interpolation has ended when

value reaches 0.
b00

Coordinate

Error
41-2 BGCOPY
This command copies the assigned block area of the BG screen.
Format

BGCOPY layer, start x, start y, end x, end y, transfer destination x,

transfer destination y

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,
1=Rear

Returns

x start point

0 63

y start point

0 63

x end point

0 63

y end point

0 63

Transfer destination x

0 63

transfer destination y

0 63

None

Error
41-3 Screen Data Features
Screen Data
This combines the character and palette numbers of the BG screen, as well as data
on horizontal and vertical rotation. It is expressed in a 16-bit value.

b00
b01
b02
b03
b04

10 bit character number (0 1023)

b05
b06
b07
b08
b09
b10

Horizontal rotation (0=OFF, 1=ON)

b11

Vertical rotation (0=OFF,1=ON)

b12
b13

4 bit palette number (0~15)

b14
b15
Screen Data Character String
The screen data is converted into a 4-digit, hexadecimal number.
(e.g.)
If screen data = &H103F
The screen data character string will be "103F"
41-4 BGPUT (Expert)
Writing Screen Data
Format

BGPUT layer, x coordinate, y coordinate, screen data

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,
1=Rear

Returns

x coordinate

0 63

y coordinate

0 63

Screen Data

Hexadecimal 4 figure value

None

Error
Write Screen Data Character String
Format

BGPUT layer, x coordinate, y coordinate, character string

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,

1=Rear

Returns

x coordinate

0 63

y coordinate

0 63

Strings

4 character strings

None

Error
41-5 BGFILL(Expert)
Fill Screen Data Area
Format

BGPUT layer, x coordinate, y coordinate, character stringBGFILL layer,

start x, start y, end x, end y, screen data

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,
1=Rear

Returns

x start point

0 63

y start point

0 63

x end point

0 63

y end point

0 63

Screen Data

Hexadecimal 4 figure value

None

Error
Fill Screen Data Area From Character String
Format

BGFILL layer, start x, start y, end x, end y, character string

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,
1=Rear

Returns

x start point

0 63

y start point

0 63

x end point

0 63

y end point

0 63

Strings

4 character strings

None

Error
41-6 BGREAD(Expert)
Obtain Screen Data
Format

BGREAD ( layer, x coordinate, y coordinate ), SC

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,
1=Rear

Returns

x coordinate

0 63

y coordinate

0 63

SC

Variable to obtain screen data

None

Error
Obtain Data Using Screen Data Character String
Format

BGREAD ( layer, x coordinate, y coordinate ), SC$

Parameters

Layer

0=Foreground,
1=Rear

x coordinate

0 63

y coordinate

0 63

SC$

Variable to obtain screen data

character string

Returns
Error

None

42 Basic Audio Commands

The following commands relate to playing sound effects and background music. For
information on creating music using MML, please see the relevant Expert page:
BEEP, BGMPLAY, BGMSTOP, BGMCHK(), BGMVOL
42-1 BEEP
Plays a simple warning sound effect.
Format

BEEP [ waveform number [,pitch [,volume [,panpot]]]]

Parameters

Waveform number

069 (if omitted, number is 0)

Pitch

-8192 plays sound 2 octaves

lower, 0 is the original sound,
8192 plays it 2 octaves higher.

Volume

0=No sound
127=Maximum

Panpot

0=from left
64=from center
127=from right

Returns

None

Error
How to Calculate Pitch and Scale
An octave is made up of a scale with a resolution of 4096 different elements, so to
calculate the pitch (P) of a half tone, you can use P=4096/12. Calculating pitch using
this value will work out as follows:
<Changes to Musical Interval>
=P*0
=P*1
=P*2
=P*3
=P*4
=P*5
=P*6
=P*7
=P*8
=P*9
=P*10

 =P*11
42-2 BGMPLAY
Starts playing song. (Up to 8 songs can be played at the same time).
When specifying the volume for a track, the track number cannot be omitted. Track
numbers after 128 will play songs you have written yourself.
Format

BGMPLAY [ track number, ] song number [ , track volume ]

Parameters

Track number

0~7 (Will be 0 unless specified)

Song number

029
128255

Track Volume
Returns

0127

None

Error
42-3 BGMSTOP
Stops playing song.
By assigning a Fade Time (measured in seconds), you can cause the music to
steadily reduce in volume.
When the track number is omitted, a BEEP command can be used to stop the sound
effects and all tracks being played.
Format

BGMSTOP [ track number ] [ , fade time ]

Parameters

Track number

0~7 (Will be 0 unless specified)

Fade Time

Time Until end (0=Sudden

Stop)

Returns

None

Error
42-4 BGMCHK()
This lets you check on current music status.
Format

Variable=BGMCHK( [track number] )

Parameters

Track number

0~7 (Will be 0 unless specified)

Returns

Number

FALSE=Music stopped
TRUE=Music playing

Error
42-5 BGMVOL

This adjusts the volume for each track.

Format

BGMVOL [ track volume, ] volume

Parameters

Track number

0~7 (Will be 0 unless specified)

Track Volume

0 127

Returns
Error

None

43 Audio Commands (Expert)

The following commands are for use when creating music using MML, or exchanging
MML data:
BGMSET, BGMSETD, BGMCLEAR, BGMPLAY, BGMSETV, BGMGETV(), BGMPRG
43-1 BGMSET
This saves song data created using MML.
Format

BGMSET song number, MML

character string [ , MML
character string 2... ]

Parameters

Song number

128 255

MML character string

This describes song data as a

character string.

MML character string 2

If song data cannot all be

expressed in a single character
string, it can be divided into
multiple strings.

Returns

None

Error
43-2 BGMSETD
This saves pre-set MML data.
When describing MML data in a string, you need to use the expression DATA 0 to
signify the end of the MML data.
Format

BGMSETD song number, @label

BGMSETD song number, variable$

Parameters

Song number

128 255

@label

Label name specifying data

saved in MML form.

Returns

None

Error
e,g,

@MMLDATA
DATA ""CDEFGABC""
DATA ""CCCEEEGGG""
DATA 0
'---

BGMSETD 128, @MMLDATA

BGMPLAY 128
43-3 BGMCLEAR
This clears saved song data.
Format

BGMCLEAR [ song number ]

Parameters

Song number

128 255 (if not specified, will

include all song data

Returns

None

Error
43-4 BGMPLAY(Expert)
Use MML directly and play music.
When playing a track using MML, the track will be defined with a 0. The tracks
volume cannot be adjusted.
(If a track between 1- 7 is assigned, it will result in an error)
Format

BGMPLAY MML character string [ ,MML character string 2... ]

Parameters

MML character string

Song data is described as a

character string.

MML character string 2

If song data cannot all be

expressed in a single character
string, it can be divided into
multiple strings.

Returns

None

Error
43-5 BGMSETV
This command writes to variables within MML.
Format

BGMSETV track number, variable number, variable

Parameters

Track number

0-7

Variable number

0 7 (MML variable $0 - $7)

Value

0 - 255

Returns
Error

None

43-6 BGMGETV()
Read variables in MML.
The cycle in which replacement variables within MML will be reflected in the program
lasts for 1/60th of a second. Be sure to leave at least a period of VSYNC 1.
Format

Variable=BGMGETV( track number, variable number )

Parameters

Track number

0-7

Variable number

0 7 (MML variable $0 - $7)

Number

-1 = Track Currently Stopped

Returns
Error

43-7 BGMPRG
Save waveforms of instruments that can be used with MML.
For more information on the A, D, S, R commands used to define the waveform
envelope, see MML Commands@E.
Format

BGMPRG instrument number, [ key, ] [ A, D, S, R, ] waveform

character string

Parameters

Instrument number

224 255

A Attack

0 127

D Decay

0 127

S Sustain

0 127

R Release (Until Disappears)

0 127

Waveform character string

Hexadecimal character string

(requires 64 or 128 characters)

Returns

None

Error
Waveform character strings are 8-bit values displayed in two-digit hexadecimal
form.

If the digits inside the blue frame above are converted into waveform character
strings, they will appear like this:

"00204060402000E0C0A0C0E0"
In this way, 64-character waveform strings will be treated as the waveform for a
single cycle. A 128-character string can be used to define a more complex waveform.
While complex waveforms used to sample real instruments cannot be saved, it can
be used as a basic synthesizer.

44 DS Wireless Play
What you will need
- Two Nitendo DSi systems on which Petit Computer has been saved.
<Procedure>
1. Turn the systems power ON.
2. Touch Petit Computer on the DSi Menu Screen.
3. When sending or receiving data, select File Management from the Home Menu
and then touch either the Send or Receive button. Alternatively, after
launching BASIC, you can use the SENDFILE command to transmit resources
and the RECVFILE command to receive them.
4. For more information about files, resources and the transmission and receipt of
data, please see 13. Files and Resources.
Important Wireless Communication Guidelines
During wireless game play, an icon (

) will appear on either the upper or lower

screen showing the strength of the wireless signal. The icon has four modes
depending on the signal strength, asa shown below.
Number of Bars

Signal Strength
Weaker

Stronger

Begin with the distance between systems at about 30 feet or less and move closer or
farther apart as desired, keeping the signal strength at two or more bars for best
results.
Keep the maximum distance between systems at 65 feet or less.
The systems should face each other as directly as possible.
Avoid having people or other obstructions between the DS systems.
Avoid interface from other devices. If communication seems to be affected by other
devices (wireless LAN, microwave ovens, cordless devices, computers), move to
another location or turn off the interfering device.
To play wirelessly, you must first set wireless Communications to ON in the Nintendo
DSi System settings.