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An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light from a single wavelength when electric current passes through it. The LED contains a semiconductor chip with a p-region of positive charges and an n-region of negative charges separated by a junction. When a sufficient voltage is applied, electrons can cross the junction from the n-region to the p-region, causing the recombination of electrons and positive charges that results in the emission of photons of light. Different materials in the chip produce different colors of light from the LED.

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36 views4 pages

2nd Slide

An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light from a single wavelength when electric current passes through it. The LED contains a semiconductor chip with a p-region of positive charges and an n-region of negative charges separated by a junction. When a sufficient voltage is applied, electrons can cross the junction from the n-region to the p-region, causing the recombination of electrons and positive charges that results in the emission of photons of light. Different materials in the chip produce different colors of light from the LED.

Uploaded by

HHH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2nd slide:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits


visible light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs are monochromatic,
occurring at a single wavelength.

3rd slide:

The p region is dominated by positive electric charges, and the n region is


dominated by negative electric charges. The junction acts as a barrier to the flow of
electrons between the p and the n regions. Only when sufficient voltage is applied
to the semi-conductor chip, then the current flows and the electrons cross the
junction into the p region.

4th Slide:

Electrons move in one direction across the junction between p and n region when
sufficient voltage is applied
p region has more positive charges and n region has more negative charges
Due to the application of sufficient voltage electrons in the n region can have
sufficient energy to move across the junction to the p region

5th slide:

Recombination of a negative and a positive charge, causes a quantum of


electromagnetic energy to emit in the form of light

7th slide:

The energy (E) of the light emitted by an LED is related to the electric charge (q) of
an electron and the voltage (V) required to light the LED by the expression:

E = qV Joules.

9th slide:

Sensor Applications
Mobile Applications
Sign Applications
Automative Uses
LED Signals
Illuminations
Indicators

18th slide:

LED chip technologies emit light in specific regions of the visible light spectrum
and produce different intensity levels.

19th slide:

The diagram shows the construction of a tri - colour LED. Note the different lengths
of the three leads. The centre lead (k) is the common cathode for both LEDs, the
outer leads (a1 and a2) are the anodes to the LEDs allowing each one to be lit
separately, or both together to give the third colour.

20th slide:

The diagram shows the construction of a bi - colour LED. In bi-colored LED only one
of the LEDs can be lit at a time.

A light emitting diode (LED) is essentially a PN junction opto-semiconductor that


emits a monochromatic (single color) light when operated in a forward biased
direction.
LEDs convert electrical energy into light energy. They are frequently used as
"pilot" lights in electronic appliances to indicate whether the circuit is closed or not.

The most important part of a light emitting diode (LED) is the semi-conductor
chip located in the center of the bulb as shown at the right. The chip has two
regions separated by a junction. The p region is dominated by positive electric
charges, and the n region is dominated by negative electric charges. The junction
acts as a barrier to the flow of electrons between the p and the n regions. Only
when sufficient voltage is applied to the semi-conductor chip, then the current
flows, and the electrons cross the junction into the p region.

When sufficient voltage is applied to the chip across the leads of the LED,
electrons can move easily in only one direction across the junction between the p
and n regions.
In the p region there are many more positive than negative charges.
When a voltage is applied and the current starts to flow, electrons in the n
region have sufficient energy to move across the junction into the p region.

Each time an electron recombines with a positive charge, electric potential energy is
converted into electromagnetic energy.
For each recombination of a negative and a positive charge, a quantum of
electromagnetic energy is emitted in the form of a photon of light with a frequency
characteristic of the semi-conductor material (usually a combination of the chemical
elements gallium, arsenic and phosphorus)..

The energy (E) of the light emitted by an LED is related to the electric charge (q) of
an electron and the voltage (V) required to light the LED by the expression: E = qV
Joules.
This expression simply says that the voltage is proportional to the electric energy,
and is a general statement which applies to any circuit, as well as to LED's. The
constant q is the electric charge of a single electron, -1.6 x 10 -19 Coulomb.

LEDs are made from gallium-based crystals that contain one or more additional
materials such as phosphorous to produce a distinct color. Different LED chip
technologies emit light in specific regions of the visible light spectrum and produce
different intensity levels.
LEDs are available in red, orange, amber, yellow, green, blue and white. Blue and
white LEDs are much more expensive than the other colours. The colour of an LED is
determined by the semiconductor material, not by the colouring of the 'package'
(the plastic body). LEDs of all colours are available in uncoloured packages which
may be diffused (milky) or clear (often described as 'water clear'). The coloured
packages are also available as diffused (the standard type) or transparent

The most popular type of tri-colour LED has a red and a green LED combined in one
package with three leads. They are called tri-colour because mixed red and green
light appears to be yellow and this is produced when both the red and green LEDs
are on.
The diagram shows the construction of a tri - colour LED. Note the different lengths
of the three leads. The centre lead (k) is the common cathode for both LEDs, the
outer leads (a1 and a2) are the anodes to the LEDs allowing each one to be lit
separately, or both together to give the third colour.

Bi-colour LEDs
A bi-colour LED has two LEDs wired in 'inverse parallel' (one forwards, one
backwards) combined in one package with two leads. Only one of the LEDs can be
lit at one time and they are less useful than the tri-colour LEDs described above.
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