The Claw Hammer

The Chisel

A hammer with one side of the head split and curved,

used for extracting nails.

A long-bladed hand tool with a beveled cutting edge

and a plain handle that is struck with a hammer or
mallet, used to cut or shape wood, stone, metal, or
other hard materials.

The Tape Measure

The Level

A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler. It

consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fiber glass, or
metal strip with linear-measurement markings. It is a
common measuring tool. Its design allows for a
measure of great length to be easily carried in pocket
or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves
or corners.

The Chalkline

Every woodworker needs a couple of levels. You

probably wont need one of the 6-foot levels used in
construction, but 48 is a good length for many of the
woodworking projects youll do. Usually, youll also
need an 8 level too, usually known as a torpedo
level. Youll check the level and plum of your
construction. Level is horizontal, and plumb is vertical.
Most quality levels are made of either brass-edged
wood or of metal. There will be a bubble reading for
level, and another one for plumb. When the bubble is
exactly between the lines, you have a level or plumb
surface. You can also get string levels and laser
levels, but the woodworker will use these types of
levels the most often.
The Screwdriver

A chalk line or chalk box is a tool for marking long,

straight lines on relatively flat surfaces, much farther
than is practical by hand or with a straightedge.
It is an important tool in construction and carpentry,
the working of timber in a rough and unplanned state,
as it does not require the timber to have a straight or
squared edge formed onto it beforehand.

The Utility Knife

A good utility knife is another asset for the

woodworker. There are many different kinds, but the
kind that uses disposable blades is the most common.
The blade retracts into the grip for safety. The
woodworker will use the utility knife when cleaning out
mortise joints or scribing wood, as well as many other
uses.

Screwdrivers are
another
must-have
in
the
woodworkers set of hand tools. Not only will you
need Phillips and slot, or flathead screwdrivers, youll
need star drivers and Torx drivers, too. A quality
construction is vital to a good set of screwdrivers. So
many of them are made out of soft metal, and the first
time you put any umph behind them, they strip out,
becoming absolutely useless.

The Nail Set

The next hand tool every woodworker should have is

a nail set. In fact, you should have several sizes. They
look like awls, and you use them to drive nail heads
into the wood so they are flush or right below the
surface. This allows you to fill the holes and prepare
for staining or painting. The nail setter will usually
have either a convex or concave surface to grip the
nail better and keep it from sliding off and marring the
wood.

The Block Plane

A block plane is the key to versatility in your

woodwork. You can flatten a piece of wood, add a
curve to it, or square your work. Shape or chamfer
your stock using a block plane. Once you have a
piece dovetailed, you can smooth the joint with your
block plane, rather than spending endless time
sanding. Your plane can ease the edges of a piece,
taking the sharpness out of it.
The Caliper

The Sliding Bevel

If youre going to be measuring a bunch of angles,

a sliding bevel, or T Bevel, will be a handy tool. This is
adjustable, and you can lock it at the angle you want
to mark, making it much more time-savvy to mark
multiple angles.
The Layout Square

A caliper (British spelling also caliper, or in plural

tantum sense a pair of calipers) is a device used to
measure the distance between two opposite sides of
an object. A caliper can be as simple as a compass
with inward or outward-facing points. The tips of the
caliper are adjusted to fit across the points to be
measured, the caliper is then removed and the
distance read by measuring between the tips with a
measuring tool, such as a ruler.
The Clamp

A layout square (sometimes also referred to as a

combination square) is a triangular-shaped measuring
tool designed for making square marks or angles on
stock.
The layout square has three major functions. First and
most often, it is used for making square marks on a
piece of stock. Second, a layout square has markings
making it easy to determine an approximate angle of
a mark or cut. Finally, a layout square allows the user
to mark angles in a similar manner to the method for
determining an existing angle.

A clamp is a fastening device used to hold or secure

objects tightly together to prevent movement or
separation through the application of inward pressure.
In the United Kingdom and Australia, the term cramp
is often used instead when the tool is for temporary
use for positioning components during construction
and woodworking; thus a G cramp or a sash cramp
but a wheel clamp or a surgical clamp.

The Hand Saw

In woodworking and carpentry, hand saws, also

known as "panel saws", "fish saws", are used to cut
pieces of wood into different shapes. This is usually
done in order to join the pieces together and carve a
wooden object. They usually operate by having a
series of sharp points of some substance that is
harder than the wood being cut. The hand saw is a bit
like a tenon saw, but with one flat, sharp edge.
The Feather Board

The Work Bench

A workbench is sturdy table at which manual work is

done. They range from simple flat surfaces to very
complex designs that may be considered tools in
themselves. Workbenches vary in size from tiny
jewelers benches to the huge benches used by
staircase makers.
The Tool Storage System

Feather boards are important for achieving smooth,

quality cuts. Youll use a feather board with all kinds of
saws and other cutting surfaces to push the material
past the cutting edge. You can make your own feather
boards, or purchase them instead. Most woodworkers
find it easier to just make them to suit their own
needs.
The Saw Horse

Tool storage is totally up to your own personal style.

Some people are just messy, and leave things piled
around. They simply remember that they left the
moisture meter on the router table. However, think
about your organizational system. You may want to
build locking cabinets or open shelves. Many
woodworkers display fasteners in Mason jars that
they twist into lids that have been nailed to an
overhead board. Others have spent too many hours
picking fasteners out of the shattered remains of
Mason jars, and dont like that method.

The Power Drill

Saw horses, of course, are a natural in any

woodworking shop or construction site. There are
actually patterns available that you can use to build
your own stacking sawhorses. If you build your
sawhorses properly, theyll hold up to 500 lbs. apiece.
Theyre even fairly cheap to build. Your saw horses
will serve countless uses around your shop, from
providing backup as you saw and drill, to extending
your work surface while using power saws.
The next power tool you should purchase is a power
drill. Now, many people swear by cordless drills, but
theyre more expensive, and they cant do everything
that an electric drill can do thats where the term
power comes in. Power drills are not as expensive,
and theyre more powerful than cordless drills, which

do have their place in your shop. The steady power

that comes with a corded drill makes it a better tool for
extended use, especially when using large bits such
as paddle bits.
The Sabre Saw

sander. They usually move in a circular pattern, or

back and forth. Either way, they can leave swirls and
streaks in your wood that show up once it is stained,
so be sure to keep it moving across the surface you
are sanding so that you dont sand grooves into your
wood.

The Random Orbital Sander

Every woodworker should have a sabre saw. Often

called a jigsaw, it will allow you to cut curves and
patterns in your stock materials.

The Circular Saw

A random orbital sander is actually a step up from the

little brother version the palm sander. The random
orbital sander uses hook and loop (Velcro) to fasten
the sanding disks to the sanding pad. The random
movement of the disk helps to avoid sanding patterns
into your wood. Your main precaution with this tool is
to make sure that your hardware supply store has
discs in stock in every grit. Otherwise, youll have a
sander that you cant use because you cant find
sanding pads for it.
The Table Saw

A circular saw is a power-saw using a toothed or

abrasive disc or blade to cut different materials using
a rotary motion spinning around an arbor. A hole saw
and ring saw also use a rotary motion but are different
from a circular saw. Circular saws may also be loosely
used for the blade itself.
The Palm Sander

Now, we start getting into the first permanent fixture in

your woodworking shop the table saw. Of course,
table saws can be loaded in the bed of your truck, so,
technically, theyre portable. But, the table saw is not
one you can pick up with one hand and head to the
worksite. The table saw will be the workhorse of your
shop, so get a good one. Youll use it to rip, miter,
shape, square, groove, and join, so a good saw that
suits your needs is vital.
The Rip Fence

A good palm sander is vital to any woodworkers

power tool collection. The palm sander will use
sheet of sanding paper, and is small enough to get
into tight places. However, you should be careful not
to sand patterns into your finished work with the palm

Your table saw should have a rip fence. Youll want

one with fine-tuning adjustment that runs parallel to
the blade. Some rip fences have an adjustment knob
on each end of the fence, others on just one end. The
main thing to look for is torque. When you move the
fence, do both ends move evenly, or does the far end
hand up? This can be a real problem, and youll save
yourself a lot of frustration and stock lumber if you
have a rip fence that stays parallel to the cutting
blade.

CARPENTRY
TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT

ENGR. RAMON A. ORBITA

INSTRUCTOR

BSCE III B