BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]

PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION WITH STUDIO 5 PROJECT

COMMUNITY LIBRARY
FINAL REPORT AND CALCULATION

NAME: EVON LOW SIEW CHENG

STUDENT ID: 0318156
TUTOR: MR. SIVA

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CONTENT
LIGHTING CALCULATIONS
1. NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
1.1.KIDS READING AREA
1-2
1.2.BOOK COLLECTION AREA
2. ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
2.1.QUIET STUDY AREA

3-4

5-7
2.2.EXHIBITION SPACE
8-10
3. PERMENANT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING FOR INTERIORS- PSALI
3.1.EXHIBITION SPACE
11
3.2.MAKERSPACE
12-14
ACOUSTICS CALCULATIONS
4. REVERBERATION TIME
15-16
4.1.MEETING ROOM
4.2.DISCUSSION ROOM
17-18
5. TRANSMISSION LOSS
5.1.BETWEEN KITCHEN AND CAF
19-20
5.2.BETWEEN EXTERIOR PUBLIC SPACE AND EXHIBITION
21-22
6. REFERENCES

23

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INTRODUCTION

The community library project is designed with the concept of bring

people from different generations together to share their skill and
knowledge. Besides, this library also aims to make Jalan Haji Salleh a
more vibrant place and also providing a safe place for the kids to
hangout after school.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this assignment is to enable students to be able to
understand the principles of lighting and acoustics by integrating the
project with studio 5, which involves design solutions to the issues
encountered such as natural lighting and ways to manage noise and
spatial acoustics.

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FLOOR PLANS

FIGURE A: GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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FIGURE B: FIRSTFLOOR PLAN

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FIGURE C: SECOND FLOOR PLAN

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FIGURE D: MEZANINE FLOOR PLAN

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NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
KIDS READING AREA

Figure 2.1: Kids Reading Area, First Floor

Daylighting factor distribution standard according to MS1525;

DAYLIGHT FACTOR (%)
>6
3-6
1-3
0-1

DISTRIBUTION
Very bright with thermal glare
problems
Bright
Average
Dark

The Kids reading area is located on the first floor of the library facing the
front view of the street. The front faade is made with glass panels with
perforated metal shading and concrete walls.

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION FORMULA;

DF=

Ei
100
Eo

In this case, the ratio of Area of Space to Area of Faade allowing daylight
penetration is taken as the Daylight Factor (value confirmed by Ecotect
daylighting simulation);
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211

2
Area of Space ( m )

Area

of

Faade

penetration ( m

allowing

daylight 73.86

Ratio of Area of Space to Area of Faade

Daylight Factor (%)
Ei

73.86
=0.35
211
3.5
Ei=

Eo
DF
100

Ei=

32000
3.5
100

Ei=1120 lux

Based on calculations, the Daylight Factor calculated is as follows;

DAYLIGHT FACTOR (%)
>6
3-6
1-3
0-1

DISTRIBUTION
Very bright with thermal glare
problems
Bright
Average
Dark

The Ei value obtained is 1120 lux at 3.5% daylight factor. Under the
MS1525 standard, it falls under the bright category, which is optimum for
the kids reading area, making it more comfortable for the users of the
space to read or play.

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BOOK

COLLECTION

AREA

Figure 2.2: Book Collection Area, Second Floor

Daylighting factor distribution standard according to MS1525;

DAYLIGHT FACTOR (%)
>6

DISTRIBUTION
Very bright with thermal glare
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problems
Bright
Average
Dark

3-6
1-3
0-1

The selected space is the Book Collection area which is found on the
second floor of the library. It is placed in the middle of the library plan, the
rear facade which consist of two large glass panels to allow natural
lighting to penetrate into the building

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION FORMULA;

DF=

Ei
100
Eo

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In this case, the ratio of Area of Space to Area of Faade allowing daylight
penetration is taken as the Daylight Factor (value confirmed by Ecotect
daylighting simulation),
Area of Space ( m
Area

of

Faade

penetration ( m

128

)
allowing

daylight 181.025

Ratio of Area of Space to Area of Faade

Daylight Factor (%)
Ei

181.025
=1.41
128
14.1
Ei=

Eo
DF
100

Ei=

32000
14.1
100

Ei=4512 lux

Based on calculations, the Daylight Factor calculated is as follows;

Daylight Factor (%)
>6
3-6
1-3
0-1

Distribution
Very bright with thermal glare
problems
Bright
Average
Dark

The Ei value obtained is 4512 lux and 14.1% daylight factor. Under the
MS1525 standard, it falls under the very bright category with thermal
glare problem. To solve the thermal glare problem, double glazed low-e
laminated glass panels is used to decrease the thermal gain, besides, the
flat roof is over hanged to provide shading for the building and decrease
the amount of light entering the building, while will provide a comfortable
experience to users.

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ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
QUIET STUDY AREA

Figure 2.5: Quiet Study Zone, Second Floor

TYPE OF LUMIARES USED

Type of Fixtures

Circular LED indirect soft light downlight

Product Brand and code

Luminous Flux (lm)
Colour Rendering Index
(CRI)
Colour Temperature (K)
Wattage (per head)
Voltage

ABB: DL6WS15F30P110
3000
80
4500k neutral white
11 Watt
120V
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LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION quiet room

Dimension of Room (m)

Length, l = 10 m
Width, W = 7.9 m
Height, H = 4 m

Total Floor Area (m)

Height of Luminaire (m)
Work Plane Height (m)
Mounting Height
Lumen of Light Fixtures (lux)
Standard
illumination
(MS1525)
Reflectance value
Room Index / RI (K)

79
4
0.8
3.2
3000 lux
200 lux

K=[

L W
]
( L+W ) H m

Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
10 7.9
K=[
]
( 10+7.9 ) 3.2
K=[

Floor: 0.2

79
]
57.28

K=1.38
Utilization Factor, UF (refer 0.56
chart)
Maintenance Factor, MF
1.0 (GIVEN)
No. of Luminaire, N
N=[

N=[

E A
]
F UF MF

200 79
]
3000 0.56 1

N=9.4 9
Spacing
(SHR)
SHR =

to

Height

Ratio
SHR =

1
A

Hm
N

1
79

3.2
9

SHR =0.93
Use
S max =SHR H m
S max =0.93 3.2
S max =2.96 m

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Fittings Layout

Fittings required along 10m wall

10

=3 rows
2.96
Fittings required along 7.9m wall
7.9

=2.6 3rows
2.96
No. of Fittings = 3 x 3 = 9

ARRANGEMENT OF LIGHTING

Figure 2.6: Quiet Study Zone, Lighting Arrangement

According to the MS1525 standards, the Quiet Study Zone should have
about 200 lux illumination for user comfort. When calculated to fulfil this
standard with a 3000lux downlight, a total of 9 luminaires with spacing of
not more than 2.96m is needed to fulfil the requirements.

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Figure 2.3.2.4

Study Room Light

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EXHIBITION SPACE

Figure 2.3: Exhibition space, Ground Floor

TYPE OF LUMIARES USED

Type of Fixtures

Circular LED downlight

Product Brand and code
Luminous Flux (lm)
Colour Rendering Index (CRI)
Colour Temperature (K)
Wattage (per head)
Voltage

COMPACT: SKU: 911401589111

3000
80
4500k neutral white
30 Watt
200V

LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION

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Dimension of Room (m)

Length, l = 10 m
Width, W =7.8 m
Height, H = 3.5 m

Total Floor Area (m)

Height of Luminaire (m)
Work Plane Height (m)
Mounting Height
Lumen of Light Fixtures (lux)
Standard
illumination
(MS1525)
Reflectance value
Room Index / RI (K)

100 m
3.5 m
1.2 m
2.3 m
3000 lux
200 lux

K=[

L W
]
( L+W ) H m

Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
10 7.8
K=[
]
( 10+7.8 ) 2.3
K=[

Floor: 0.2

78
]
40.94

K=1.905
Utilization Factor, UF (refer 0.65
chart)
Maintenance Factor, MF
0.8
No. of Luminaire, N
N=[

E A
N=[
]
F UF MF

200 100
]
3000 0.65 0.8

N=13
Spacing
(SHR)

to

Height

Ratio
SHR =

1
A
SHR =

Hm
N

1
100

2.3
13

SHR =1.2
Use
S max =SHR H m
S max =1.2 2.3
S max =2.8 m

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Fittings Layout

Fittings required along 7.8m wall

7.8

=2.79 3 rows
2.8
Fittings required along 10m wall
10

=3.57 4 rows
2.8
No. of Fittings = 3 x 4 = 12

ARRANGEMENT OF LIGHTING

Figure 2.4: Exhibition space, Lighting Layout

According to the MS1525 standards, exhibition should have about 200 lux
illumination for user comfort. When calculated to fulfil this standard with a
3000lux downlight, a total of 12 luminaires with spacing of not more than
2.8 is needed to fulfil the requirements.

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PSALI - Permanent
Lighting for Interiors

Supplementary

Artificial

EXHIBITION SPACE

Figure 3.1: Exhibition Space, Lighting Layout, PSALI

There are 12 luminaires installed for the exhibition space in 4 rows. They
are to be controlled through 3 sets of switches, one for each row. SW1 and
SW3 can be turned off during the day as sufficient daylight enters the
space through the front window, whereas SW2 would be turned on most
throughout the day to fulfil the 200 lux requirement as stated in MS1525
and also to provide uniform lighting for the exhibition.

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MAKERSPACE

Figure3.2: Makerspace, Ground Floor

TYPE OF LUMIARES USED

Type of Fixtures

Product Brand and code

Luminous Flux (lm)
Colour Rendering Index (CRI)
Colour Temperature (K)
Wattage (per head)
Voltage

Circular LED downlight

COMPACT: SKU: 911401589111
3000
80
4500k neutral white
30 Watt
200V

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LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION

Dimension of Room (m)

Length, l =7 m
Width, W = 7.8 m
Height, H = 3.5 m

Total Floor Area (m)

Height of Luminaire (m)
Work Plane Height (m)
Mounting Height
Lumen of Light Fixtures (lux)
Standard
illumination
(MS1525)
Reflectance value
Room Index / RI (K)

54.6 m
3.5 m
1m
2.5 m
3000 lux
300 lux

K=[

L W
]
( L+W ) H m

Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
7 7.8
K=[
]
( 7+7.8 ) 2.5
K=[

Floor: 0.2

54.6
]
37

K=1.5
Utilization Factor, UF (refer 0.6
chart)
Maintenance Factor, MF
0.8
No. of Luminaire, N
N=[

N=[

E A
]
F UF MF

300 54.6
]
3000 0.6 0.8

N=11
Spacing
(SHR)
SHR =

to

Height

Ratio
SHR =

1
A

Hm
N

1
54.6

2.5
11

SHR =0.89
Use
S max =SHR H m
S max =0.89 2.5
S max =2.2 m

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Fittings Layout

Fittings required along 7m wall

7

=3.18 3 rows
2.2
Fittings required along 7.8m wall
7.8

=3.5 4 rows
2.2
No. of Fittings = 3 X 4 =12

ARRANGEMENT OF LIGHTING AND PSALI

Figure 3.3: Makerspace, Lighting Layout, PSALI

According to the MS1525 standards, a makerspace should have about 300

lux illuminations for user comfort and usage. When calculated to fulfil this
standard with a 3000lux downlight, a total of 12 luminaires with spacing of
2.2 is needed to fulfil the requirements.
There are 12 luminaires installed for the dance studio in 3 rows. They are
to be controlled through 3 sets of switches, one for each row. SW1 can be
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turned off during the day as sufficient daylight enters the space through
the open entrance, whereas SW2 and SW3 would be turned on most
throughout the day to fulfil the 300 lux requirement as stated in MS1525.

ACOUSTIC CALCULATIONS
REVERBERATION TIME
MEETING ROOM

Figure 4.1: Meeting Room, First Floor

3
Volume of space = Area x Height = 14.67 x 3.5 = 51.32 m

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MEETING ROOM
LOCATION

MATERIAL

AREA, A(m2)

Wall

Concrete
Plasterboa
rd
Glass
Glass
Wood
Cushion
Carpet
Human

12.95

Ceiling
Door
Wall
Table
Chair
Floor
Human

14.8
2.2
5.5
1.8
1.44
14.8
10

Absorption
Coefficient, S
500Hz
2000Hz
0.02
0.02
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.49
0.2
0.36

0.05
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.7
0.3
0.37

SA
500Hz
0.259

2000Hz
0.259

2.22
0.22
0.55
0.018
0.7
2.96
3.6
10.689

0.74
1.54
3.85
0.162
1
4.44
3.7
15.691

Below is the calculation for the sound absorption for all materials at 500Hz
and 2000Hz,

At 500hz,

at 2000hz,

RT=

0.16 V
A

RT=

0.16 V
A

RT=

0.16(51.32)
8.603

RT=

0.16(51.32)
15.691

RT=0.77 s

RT=0.52 s

From the calculation above, the reverberation time of Meeting Room is from
0.77s - 0.52s which is within the range of the standard requirement which is
within the range of 0.8s -1.2s, therefore, this meeting room has sufficient sound
absorption that suits its intended purpose.

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DISCUSSION ROOM

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Figure 4.2: Discussion Room, Second Floor

3
Volume of space = Area x Height = 14.43 x 3.5 = 50.5 m

Below is the calculation for the sound absorption for all materials at 500Hz
and 2000Hz,

DISCUSSION ROOM
LOCATION
Wall
Ceiling
Door
Wall
Window
Table
Chair
Floor
Human

MATERIAL
Concrete
Concrete
Glass
Glass
Glass
Wood
Cushion
concrete
Human

At 500hz,

Absorption
AREA, A(m2) Coefficient, S
500Hz 2000Hz
37.3
0.02
0.02
14.43
0.02
0.02
2.2
0.1
0.07
9.9
0.1
0.07
3.8
0.1
0.07
0.64
0.01
0.09
1.08
0.49
0.7
14.43
0.2
0.2
6
0.36
0.37

SA
500Hz
0.746
0.2886
0.22
0.99
0.38
0.0064
0.5292
2.886
2.16
8.2062

at 2000hz,

RT=

0.16 V
A

RT=

0.16 V
A

RT=

0.16( 50.5)
8.2062

RT=

0.16( 50.5)
8.0672

RT=0.99 s

2000Hz
0.746
0.2886
0.154
0.693
0.266
0.0576
0.756
2.886
2.22
8.0672

RT=1 s

From the calculation above, the reverberation time of Discussion Room is

from 0.99s - 1s which is within the range of the standard requirement
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which is within the range of 0.8s -1.2s, therefore, this Discussion room has
sufficient sound absorption that suits its intended purpose.

TRANSMISSION LOSS
BETWEEN KITCHEN AND CAFE

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Figure5.1: Workshop, Second Floor

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
A kitchen space is assumed to have a sound pressure level of 65 dB
during peak time use from the Noise Criteria. According to the American
National standards (ANSI), the sound pressure level of a cafe space should
not exceed 40dB. Therefore, the barrier between these must bring down
the noise level by at least 25dB for the requirements to be met
CALCULATION (SRI)
WALL (plastered brick): 53 dB

Door (Timber): 43 dB

1
Use, SRI 10 log T

1
SRI 10 log T

53

T=

10 log

1
T

35

1
5.3
10

T=

T =5.01 106
Compone
nts
Wall

Door

1
T

1
4.3
10

T =5.01 105

Material

Area
( Sound
2
m )(S) Reductio
n Index
(SRI)
150mm Brick A=6.3 x 53
wall
3.5
plastered
=20.05
both sides
m2
Timber Door

10 log

A=2.2 x 43
0.9
=2

Transmissi
on
Coefficient
(T)
6
5.01 10

5.01 105

SxT

1.0 10

1.0 104

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m2

Use TL, equation

T av=

ST 1+ST 2
S total

T av=

( 1.0 10 )+(1.0 10 )
22.05

T av=9.07 10

Substitute into SRI equation

SRI =10 log

1
T av

SRI =10 log

1
9.07 106

SRI =50 dB

65 dB 50 dB = 15dB
Hence, from the calculation above, a 150mm brick wall plastered on both
sides is able to bring down the noise pressure of 65dB from the kitchen
down to 15dB in the cafe.

EXTERIOR PUBLIC SPACE TO EXHIBITION

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PUBLIC SPACE

Figure 5.2: Exhibition Space, Ground Floor

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
A public space is assumed to have a sound pressure level of 60 dB during
peak time use from the Noise Criteria. According to the American National
standards (ANSI), the sound pressure level of a exhibition space should
not exceed 35dB. Therefore, the barrier between these must bring down
the noise level by at least 25dB for the requirements to be met.

CALCULATION (SRI)
WALL (glass): 26 dB
1
Use, SRI 10 log T

26
T=

10 log

1
T

1
10 2.6

T =2.51 103
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Compone
nts

Material

Wall

Glass

Area
( Sound
2
Reductio
m )(S)
n Index
(SRI)
A=9.25 x 26
3.5
=32.36
m2

Transmissi
on
Coefficient
(T)
2.51 103

SxT

8.12 102

Use SRI Equation

SRI =10 log

1
T av

SRI =10 log

1
3
2.51 x 10

SRI =26 dB

60 dB 26 dB = 34dB

Hence, from the calculation above, a 29mm thick glass is able to bring
down the noise pressure of 60dB from the public space down to 34dB in
the exhibition.

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REFERENCES
Acoustic

Traffic.

(2014).

ABSORPTION

COEFFICIENTS.

Retrieved

from

http://www.acoustic.ua/st/web_absorption_data_eng.pdf

E-Boutiqs. (2013). Philips Essential 12W LED Downlight - 3000K - Warm White.
Retrieved

from

http://www.simply-leds.com.au/philips-essential-

downlight-led-12w-white.html

Pacific Door Systems Limited. (2016). Acoustic Doors. Retriever from

http://www.pacificdoors.co.nz/acoustic/acoustic-doors

The Brick Industry Association. (August, 2000). Technical Notes 5A - Sound

Insulation - Clay Masonry Walls. Retrieved from
http://www.gobrick.com/portals/25/docs/technical%20notes/tn5a.pdf

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