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Vectors II Solution

The document provides information and solutions regarding three planes and their intersections. It begins by finding the line of intersection between two of the planes, which is determined to be r = (α + 1) + λ(-4/3, 2, 0). It then finds that the third plane must be parallel to this line of intersection, and determines the value of λ in the equation of the third plane. It shows that the point (2, -1, -2) lies on one of the planes. It then finds the foot of the perpendicular from a point to one of the planes. It determines the image of a point when reflected across one of the planes and derives the equation of the reflected plane. Finally, it

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85 views9 pages

Vectors II Solution

The document provides information and solutions regarding three planes and their intersections. It begins by finding the line of intersection between two of the planes, which is determined to be r = (α + 1) + λ(-4/3, 2, 0). It then finds that the third plane must be parallel to this line of intersection, and determines the value of λ in the equation of the third plane. It shows that the point (2, -1, -2) lies on one of the planes. It then finds the foot of the perpendicular from a point to one of the planes. It determines the image of a point when reflected across one of the planes and derives the equation of the reflected plane. Finally, it

Uploaded by

Png Poh Sheng
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1)

The equation of 3 planes are given as:


1 : + 2 = 2
2 : + 2 = 4
3 : 4 + + 5 = 9
(i)
Finding the line of intersection:
(1) Finding a common point on plane and :
Let = 0 (Since the required point has an -coordinate of 0) on 2 planes:
1 : 2 = 2 --- (1)
2 : 2 = 4 --- (2)

2 = 4 = 2
Substitute = 2 into equation (1):
2 2 = 2 =

2+2
2

=+1

Thus (0, + 1,2) lies on the line of intersection.


= 2 [Ans]
(2) Finding the direction vector of the line of intersection:
The line of intersection is perpendicular to the normal of the 2 planes:
1
1
40
Thus: ( ) = ( 2 ) (0) = (1 2)
1
2
02
Normal of plane 1

Normal of plane 2

4
4
= (3) = ( 3 )
2
2
4
The direction vector of the line can be written as = ( 3 )
2
= 4 [Ans]
0
4
So: Equation of line of intersection: = ( + 1) + ( 3 ) ,
2
2

(ii)
The 2 given informations are:
1) All 3 planes have no points in common

The plane 3 must be parallel to the line of intersection between the 2 planes
(Direction vector of line)(Normal of Plane 3 ) = 0
4
4
( 3 ) () = 0 16 + 3 + 10 = 0
2
5

3 = 6 = 2
Equation of plane 3 : 4 + 2 + 5 = 9
=2

2) Distance between this line and the plane =

By observation, a point lying on


Plane 3 = (1,0,1)

7
45

A point lying on Plane 3 = (1,0,1)

0
1
1
Fixed Vector = ( + 1) (0) = ( + 1)
2
1
1
7
45

|( )( 3 )|

=
45

| 3 |

4
1
|(+1)(2)|
5
1
4
|(2)|
5

=
45

45 =
2 + 3 = 7 or
= 2 or

|4+2(+1)+5|

4 2 +22 +52

|2+3|
45

2 + 3 = 7

= 5 [Ans]

(iii)
Substitute (2, 1, 2) into LHS of the equation of 1 :
1 = (2) + 2(1) (2) = 2
1 = 2 = 2(1) = 2
Since LHS = RHS, (2, 1, 2) lies on Plane 1 [Shown]

(0, + 1,2)

45

(iv)
Line passing through point (2, 1, 2) that is parallel to the normal of 2 :
2
1
= (1) + (0) , --- (1)
2
2

2+
= ( 1 )
2 + 2

(2, 1, 2)

Substitute Equation of the above line into Plane 2 :

Required Foot of
Perpendicular

(2 + ) + 2(2 + 2 ) = 4
5 = 6 =

6
5

Substitute = 5 into Equation (1) [Back into the equation of the line]
16

2
1
5
6

= (1) + (0) = (1) [Ans]


5
2
2
2
5

(2, 1, 2)

(v)

(1) Finding the image when a point on 1 is reflected in 2 :

=
=
2

(1)+
2
2

Image of (2, 1, 2)
when reflected in 2

2 = (1) +

2
16

4
Reflected Plane

22

2
5
5
= 2 (1) (1) = (1)

2
14
2
5

Line of intersection
between 1 and 2 also
lies on 4

(2) Finding the Normal of Plane 4 :


4
1 Vector Parallel to 4 = ( 3 )
2

(0,2,2)
0

Another Vector Parallel to 4 =


(2)

22

22

0
22
5
1
= (1) (2) = (3) = (15)
5
14
4
2
4
5

Factor out the fraction to


facilitate an easier time
performing Cross Product later

4
22
12 (30)
42
7
Normal of 4 = ( 3 ) (15) = (44 (16)) = ( 60 ) = 6 ( 10 )
2
6
1
4
60 66

7
(3) Equation of Plane 4 = ( 10 ) =
1
0
7
= (2) ( 10 ) = 0 + 20 2 = 18
1
2
7
Scalar Product form of Plane 4 : ( 10 ) = 18 [Ans]
1
Q2)

2 +
2
1
Given 1 : = ( 1 ) + (4) = ( 1 + 4 )
4 + 2
4
2
Vector joining the point (1,4,2) to any point on the line 1 =
2 +
3 +
1
( 1 + 4 ) (4) = (3 + 4)
4 + 2
2 + 2
2
3 +
Required Distance = |(3 + 4)| = (3 + )2 + (3 + 4)2 + (2 + 2)2
2 + 2
= (2 6 + 9) + (162 24 + 9) + (42 + 8 + 4)
= 212 22 + 22 [Shown]
To find the shortest distance is the same as minimizing the value of
212 22 + 22.
Trick:
We can minimize this by first finding the minimum value of 212 22 + 22.

212 22 + 22 can be minimize by either:


Completing the Square OR
Differentiation
We shall use differentiation to minimize the above expression:

(212 22 + 22) = 42 22

At minimum value,

(21 2 22 + 22) = 0:

42 22 = 0 =

11
21

We need to verify that this is a minimum value (when using differentiation):


Either:

Mention that coefficient of 2 is positive (SMILEY Curve)


11
Show that the 2nd Derivative is positive at = .
21

OR

Since the coefficient of 2 = 21 > 0, thus the turning point is a minimum point.
11 2

11

341

21

21

21

So, the minimum value of 212 22 + 22 = 21 ( ) 22 ( ) + 22 =

The minimum value of 212 22 + 22 =

341
21

[Ans]

Solutions to Additional Questions:


Q1)
From the given information:

The line passes through the point with position vector and is parallel to the
unit vector
Vector equation of the line : = + , and || = 1
(i)

Since point lies on line :

: = +

= + for some

:
Now,

= 0

( + ) = 0

( ) + ( ) = 0 [Distributive property: ( + ) = ( ) + ( )]
= ( ) [Since = ||2 = (1)2 = 1 ]
Substitute this value of back into the vector equation of line :
= ( ) [Shown]

(ii)

Method 1: (Ratio Theorem)

Since point is in between point and ,

Ratio Theorem gives:

= 3+2
= 53

5[()]3

=
=
2

25()
2

[Ans]

Method 2: (Addition of Vectors)

+ 5
+ 5 (

) = + 5 [ ( ) ]
=
=
2
2
2
5

= ( )
2

(iii)
| =
Since is a unit vector, | | is in the form of |

||
||

, thus | |

represents the length of projection of the vector along the direction of vector
.
(iv)
Cosine of the angle between and line

|||

=|

Do not put modulus


since the question does
not ask for ACUTE angle.
The direction vector of
line is

Q2)

Given that the 2 planes and are perpendicular and the line of intersection
(line ) between these 2 planes are given by:
1
2

+2
2

= [Given in Cartesian form]

1
Since we are additionally given a vector parallel to plane which is (2),
0
This means that we have 2 vectors that is parallel to plane ,
Thus we need to find the direction vector of line :

1
2
=
=
= () = (2) + ( 2 ) ,

0
1
2
Direction vector of line = ( 2 )
1
1
2

+2
2

A point lying on line (and hence lying on BOTH planes and ) has position
1
vector = (2)
0
2
1
2
Normal of plane = ( 2 ) (2) = (1)
0
1
2
1
Since point (2) lies on plane , equation of plane :
0

2
2
1
(1) = (1) (2) = 4
0
2
2
Cartesian Equation of plane : 2 + 2 = 4 [Ans]
Since plane is perpendicular to plane , then normal of plane is parallel to
plane .
Moreover, Line being the line of intersection between the 2 planes will also
be parallel to plane , thus we have 2 vectors parallel to plane :
2
2
(1) and ( 2 )
2
1
Normal of
plane

Normal of

Direction
vector of
line

2
2
3
1
Normal of plane = (1) ( 2 ) = ( 6 ) = 3 ( 2 )
6
2
1
2
Line
1
Once again, since point (2) lies on plane , equation of plane :
0
1
1
1
Equation of plane : ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) (2) = 5
0
2
2
Cartesian Equation of plane : + 2 + 2 = 5 [Ans]

Q3)
Since the plane is tangential to the sphere at point , then point is the foot of
perpendicular of point on the plane. We shall find this foot of perpendicular:

1
3
Vector equation of the line : = (5) + (1) , --- (1)
3
5
Substitute Equation (1) into the Equation of the plane 3 + 5 = 15:
3(1 + 3) (5 ) + 5(3 + 5) = 15 35 = 8 =

8
35

Substitute =

8
35

:
into Equation (1) gives
11

1
3
8

= (5)
(1) =
35
3
5

35
167

[Ans]

35
65

35

|
Radius of the sphere = |
11

24

35
35
1
167
8
=


= (5) 35 = 35
3
40
65
( 35 ) ( 35 )

| = (24) + ( 8 ) + (40) = 24
|
35
35
35

2 +82 +402

352

=
=
=

1
35
8
35

2240
352

64 35
35 [Ans]

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