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Source Localization Using Gamma Ray Spectrometer

Algorithms developed for source localization used in variety of industries including police and biomedical physics.

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utopia
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34 views28 pages

Source Localization Using Gamma Ray Spectrometer

Algorithms developed for source localization used in variety of industries including police and biomedical physics.

Uploaded by

utopia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Source Localization using a Directional Gamma Ray

Spectrometer

Shoaib Khan
M.Sc. Physics (Medical)
mskhan3@physics.carleton.ca

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Outline

Introduction
Instrumentation
Method
Results
Conclusion

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Introduction
Radioactive sources out of regulatory control have always been worrisome
There is ever Increasing need to be able to deal with these worries:
Problem could arise by :
Accidentally orphaned sources
Nuclear waste or material dumped Irresponsibly

Smuggling or through malicious intentions


Techniques have been developed to find and localize sources
Algorithm (offline) for detection and localization
Can be enhanced with GUI and added instrumentation
Can be used by Emergency Response Groups
Useful for Police force ,RCMP and other Security Agencies

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Overview
Directional Gamma Ray Detector onboard a truck was used
The truck passes by well placed Gamma Ray sources at different positions
The counts were recorded in the detector

This data was then used to find the direction of the source relative to truck
A fit was performed on this field of vectors to find their point of intersection
(to localize the source)

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Instrumentation
Scintillator Detector NaI(TI)

Robert Hofstader ., in 1948 shown NaI doped with thallium produced large light output
Since then its proven to be extremely useful for Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
Advantages :
-Can be produced in Large Crystals
-High efficiency
-It produces intense burst of light compared to other Scintillators
-Good energy resolution
-Minimum time separation between two pulses
-Low dead time losses
Incident Gamma Ray

Scintillating Photons

Secondary Electrons

Schematics :

High voltage source

ADC
and other
electronics
*Source: wikipedia

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Photoelectron

Dynode

Instrumentation

Basic Components :
- 4 RSX-1 Gamma Detector (NaI)
- Each detector is : 10.16x10.16x40.64 cm3
- RS 701 console and Laptop
- GPS antenna
- 100-240 VAC Power Adapter
- Detector and Cables
Vehicle :
A truck carrying the detectors and instruments

* Vertically Arranged 4-detectors

Truck carrying detectors + Tools


*Basic Components
Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
*Source: Radiation Solutions Inc.
Natural Resources

Method

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

*Source: Dr. Laurel Sinclair

10 m

Acceleration /Deceleration line

Pink lines show the track of the truck moving back and forth
Positions A,B,C,D,E,F are where the sources were placed
Experimental setup by Dr. Laurel Sinclair and Team

Na 22 Source Found
(Position A)

Na 22 (511kev)
Position A

Energy(Kev)

Animated gamma spectrums per second for data sets in one


file - position A

Energy(Kev)

Na 22 photopeak is shown in one of the data set.

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Method

Directional vector V(u,v) was formed from


u = C 0 C2
v = C1 C3

45o

where Ci represent photopeak counts in detector i

The relative counts are used to calculate ;


Azimuthal angle :

Gamma rays incident on 4-NaI


detectors placed vertically

= angle of source with respect to detector

= orientation of detector with respect to north


= angle of source with respect to north
Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Trucks position relative to source


9

Localization of Na 22: Position C


(20 km/hr)

Animation : Localizing Na-22 source placed at position C for first pass


of the truck by the source at velocity of 20km/hr
Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

10

Minimization
1. A point of arrows intersection was chosen
2. Distance di was calculated
Probable Source Region

v=

r=
Distances from selected point were calculated

a
b

x x0
y y0

Calculating distance of a point from a line segment

3. Sum of the Squares of the distances d1,d2,d3 to di was calculated

D ( x, y ) =

N arrows

d i ( x, y )
2

where x = Easting(m) and y =Northing(m)

i =1

4. Then this distance function was minimized to localize the source!


Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

11

Arrow and Surface Plot


(with source at Position C )

Source

Source

Arrow and surface plot (for pass 10 and position C at 20km/hr) showing the location of
the source with green dots
Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

12

Source Positions compared with True


Positions

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

13

RMS of Source positions (16 passes)


Compared with True Positions

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

14

Conclusion
Localization method works to reconstruct source position within
uncertainties
For near sources :
The triangulation-fitting method gives a small error on the distance
from the road and large error on the position along the road

For far sources :


The method gives the large error on the distance from the road
and small error on the position along the road
Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

15

Outlook
Improving Error Analysis
Analysis of systematic uncertainty
Implementation of DGPS coordinates(Differential GPS)
Analysis of Cs-137 data
Comparison with other localization methods

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

16

Backup slides
Shown next

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

17

Results

Position D
16 passes
Position C -16 passes
Position B -16 passes
Position A -16 passes

Shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

18

Results
Source
Position

Calculated
Easting
(m)

Northing
(m)

Measured
Easting
(m)

Northing
(m)

456690

5028255

456690

5028268

456689

5028274

456688

5028285

456687

5028296

456689

5028303

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Error

19

Cs 137 Source Found!


(Position A)
Cs 137 (661.65Kev)
Position A

Energy(Kev)

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Energy(Kev)

20

Na 22 Source Found!
(position B) - BackupSlides

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

21

Na 22 Source Found!
(Position C)
Na 22 511 Kev
Position C

Energy(Kev)

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Energy(Kev)

22

Na 22 Source Found
(Position D)

Na 22 511Kev
Position D

Energy(Kev)

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

23

Cs 137 Source Found!


(Position A)
Cs 137 (661.65Kev)
Position A

Energy(Kev)

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Energy(Kev)

24

Cs 137 Source Found


(Position B)
Cs 137 (661.65Kev)
Position B

Energy(Kev)

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

Energy(Kev)

25

Cs 137 Source Found


(Position C)

Cs 137 (661.65Kev)
Position C

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

26

Localization of Na 22 Position D

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

27

Decay Schemes for Na22 and Cs137


(As Gamma Ray Sources)

inl.gov/catalogs

inl.gov/catalogs

shoaib Khan
Carleton University
Natural Resources

28

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