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Indonesian Instrument

Demung is one of the instruments in the gamelan family that produces the lowest octave tones. It has two versions for pelog and slendro scales and is larger than other instruments like the saron. The rebab is a bowed string instrument spread throughout regions connected by Islamic trading routes. It can have a spike on the bottom or be plucked. The saron is a bronze bar instrument played on the floor that provides melodies. The bonang is a collection of small tuned gongs in wooden frames that are struck.

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373 views8 pages

Indonesian Instrument

Demung is one of the instruments in the gamelan family that produces the lowest octave tones. It has two versions for pelog and slendro scales and is larger than other instruments like the saron. The rebab is a bowed string instrument spread throughout regions connected by Islamic trading routes. It can have a spike on the bottom or be plucked. The saron is a bronze bar instrument played on the floor that provides melodies. The bonang is a collection of small tuned gongs in wooden frames that are struck.

Uploaded by

Tinay Katigbak
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DEMUNG

Demung is one of the gamelan instruments including balungan family. In one set of
gamelan there are usually two demung, both have pelog and slendro version. Demung resulted in
the lowest octave tone with balungan family, with a larger physical size. Wilahan demung have
relatively thinner but wider than wilahan saron, so that it produces a lower tone. Hit the demung
usually made of wood, with a shape like a hammer, bigger and heavier than the drum saron.

REBAB

The rebab (Arabic: , variously spelled rebap, rabab, rebeb, rababa and rabeba, also
known as jawza or joza in Iraq[1]) is a type of a bowed string instrument so named no later
than the 8th century and spread via Islamic trading routes over much of North Africa, the Middle
East, parts of Europe, and the Far East.[2] The bowed variety often has a spike at the bottom to
rest on the ground (see first image to the right), and is thus called a spike fiddle in certain areas,
but plucked versions like the kabuli rebab (sometimes referred to as the robab or rubab) also
exist.

SARON

The saron is a musical instrument of Indonesia, which is used in the gamelan. It normally
has seven bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame (rancak). It is usually about 20 cm
(8 in) high, and is played on the floor by a seated performer. In a pelog scale, the bars often read
1-2-3-5-6-7 across (the number four is not used because of its relation to death) (in kepatihan
numbering); for slendro, the bars are 6-1-2-3-5-6-1; this can vary from gamelan to gamelan, or
even among instruments in the same gamelan. Slendro instruments commonly have only six
keys. It provides the core melody (balungan) in the gamelan orchestra.

BONANG

The bonang is a musical instrument used in the Javanese gamelan. It is a collection of


small gongs (sometimes called "kettles" or "pots") placed horizontally onto strings in a wooden
frame (rancak), either one or two rows wide. All of the kettles have a central boss, but around it
the lower-pitched ones have a flattened head, while the higher ones have an arched one. Each is
tuned to a specific pitch in the appropriate scale; thus there are different bonang for pelog and
slendro. They are typically hit with padded sticks (tabuh). This is similar to the other cradled
gongs in the gamelan, the kethuk, kempyang, and kenong. Bonang may be made of forged
bronze, welded and cold-hammered iron, or a combination of metals. In addition to the gongshaped form of kettles, economical bonang made of hammered iron or brass plates with raised
bosses are often found in village gamelan, in Suriname-style gamelan, and in some American
gamelan.

Gambang

A gambang, properly called a gambang kayu ('wooden gambang') is a


xylophone-like instrument used among peoples of Indonesia and the southern Philippines in
gamelan and kulintang, with wooden bars as opposed to the metallic ones of the more typical
metallophones in a gamelan. A largely obsolete instrument, the gambang gangsa, is a similar
instrument made with metal bars.

Kendang

Kendhang (Javanese: Kendhang, Malay: Gendang, Tausug/Bajau Maranao: Gandang) is


a two-headed drum used by peoples from Maritime Southeast Asia. Kendang is one of the
primary instruments used in the Gamelan ensembles of Java, Bali and Terengganu, the Malay
Kendang ensemble as well as various Kulintang ensembles in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and
the Philippines. It is constructed in a variety of ways by different ethnic groups.

Gong ageng

The gong ageng (or gong gedhe in Ngoko Javanese, means large gong) is a musical
instrument. It is the largest of the bronze gongs in the Javanese and Balinese gamelan orchestra
and the only large gong that is called gong in Javanese.[1] Unlike the more famous Chinese or
Turkish tam-tams, Indonesian gongs have fixed, focused pitch, and are dissimilar to the familiar
crash cymbal sound. It is circular, with a conical, tapering base of diameter smaller than gong
face, with a protruding polished boss where it is struck by a padded mallet. Gongs with diameter
as large as 135 centimeters (53 inches) have been created in the past, but gongs larger than about
80 centimeters (31 inches) are more common especially to suit the budget of educational
institutions.

Kempul

A component of the Javanese gamelan, the kempul is a set of pitched,[1] hanging,


knobbed gongs, often made of bronze, wood, and cords.[2] Ranging from seven to ten inches in
diameter, the kempul gong has a flat surface with a protruding knob at the center and is played
by hitting the knob with the "soft end of a mallet."[3][4] "The wooden mallet used has a ball shape
head with heavy padding on a short wooden handle.[5] The number of kempul gongs present in a
gamelan ensemble varies but, "although there can be two to ten kempul on one separate rack, it is
common to have five kempul hanging on the same rack as the Gong ageng and gong siyem" (two
larger gongs).

CELEMPUNG

The siter and celempung are plucked string instruments used in Javanese
gamelan. They are related to the kacapi used in Sundanese gamelan.
The siter and celempung each have between 11 and 13 pairs of strings, strung on
each side, between a box resonator. Typically the strings on one side tuned to plog and the other
to slendro. The siter is generally about a foot long and fits in a box (which it is set upon while
played), while the celempung is about three feet long and sits on four legs, and is tuned one
octave below the siter. They are used as one of the elaborating instruments (panerusan), that play
cengkok (melodic patterns based on the balungan). Both the siter and celempung play at the
same speed as the gambang (which is rapidly). The name "siter" comes from the Dutch word
"citer", which corresponds to the English word "zither". "Celempung" is related to the Sundanese
musical form celempungan

Suling

A suling or Seruling is a Southeast Asian bamboo ring flute especially in Brunei,[1]


Indonesia,[2] Malaysia,[2] the Philippines and Singapore.[3] It is used in gamelan ensembles.
Depending on the regional genre, a suling can be tuned into different scales. Sulings can be
found in the following regions:

Borneo Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia

Java (Central Java), Indonesia

Maluku, Indonesia

Mindanao, Philippines

GONG BASED

Gong-based musical ensemble such as agung and kulintang are commonly used in
ceremonies such as funerals and weddings.[6] These ensembles are also common in
neighbouring regions such as in the southern Philippines, Kalimantan in Indonesia and Brunei

Kertok

Kertok is a type of musical ensemble that consists of the xylophone


played in traditional Malay functions.
Zapin

Zapin (Jawi: )is a Malay dance form that is popular in Malaysia


(especially in the state of Johor, Pahang and Selangor), in Indonesia,
especially in Malay-populated provinces in Sumatera (Riau Province, Jambi
province, Riau Islands Province, North Sumatera, and Bangka-Belitung
Islands) and West Kalimantan, and in other Malay populated countries like
Brunei Darussalam and Singapore. It is believed to have been introduced by

Arab, Muslim missionaries from the Middle


East in the fourteenth century.

Ronggeng

Ronggeng is a type of Javanese dance in which couples exchange poetic verses as


they dance to the music of a rebab or violin and a gong. Ronggeng might have originated from
Java, but also can be found in Sumatra and the Malay peninsula. Ronggeng probably has existed
in Java since ancient time, the bas reliefs in Karmawibhanga section on 8th century Borobudur
displays the scene of travelling entertainment troupe with musicians and female dancers. In Java,
a traditional ronggeng performance features a traveling dance troupe that travels from village to
village. The dance troop consists of one or several professional female dancers, accompanied by
a group of musicians playing musical instruments: rebab and gong.

Dondang Sayang

Dondang Sayang literally love ballad, originated in Malacca sometime


in the 15th century, influenced by traditional Portuguese folk music. A typical

group is made up of 4 musicians who perform on the violin, 2 rebana and a


gong or tetawak. The chief musician is usually the violinist who plays a
primary role in dondang sayang, providing a counter melody to the vocal
melody. Musicians may switch instruments in between performances, but the
violinist seldom does, although this is permitted. If there are musicians to
spare, up to 5 rebana may be used.

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