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Chemistry Project (Final)

This document appears to be a student project report on extracting essential oils from aniseed (saunf) through steam distillation. It includes sections on the aim, introduction to essential oils and aniseed oil, requirements, procedure, observations and conclusions. The introduction provides background on essential oils and describes aniseed oil, its main constituents and uses. The student extracted essential oil from aniseed and measured its yield, color, and odor. The project was conducted under a teacher's guidance to learn about extracting essential oils.

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Rohan Patel
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2K views23 pages

Chemistry Project (Final)

This document appears to be a student project report on extracting essential oils from aniseed (saunf) through steam distillation. It includes sections on the aim, introduction to essential oils and aniseed oil, requirements, procedure, observations and conclusions. The introduction provides background on essential oils and describes aniseed oil, its main constituents and uses. The student extracted essential oil from aniseed and measured its yield, color, and odor. The project was conducted under a teacher's guidance to learn about extracting essential oils.

Uploaded by

Rohan Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BHAGWATI INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC

SCHOOL, PATAN
DR. INDU DAYAL MESHRI PRIMARY
ENGLISH SCHOOL

Project On:
Extraction of Oil Present in
Aniseed (Saunf)

SUBMITTED BY:-

HIREN M. THAKKAR

GUIDE BY:-

MR.NABAKISHOR SOROKHAIBAM

ROLL NO.:-

________________

18

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Master Hiren


Thakkar, a student of class XII Science,
worked on project titled Extraction of
essential oil present in Aniseed
(saunf) held in Bhagwati International
Public School in the academic year 201617.
He worked sincerely under the guidance
of faculties and has prepared this
dissertation.

18

Signature
Signature
(External Teacher)
(Principal)

Signature
(Incharge Teacher)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, my sincere thanks go to
the Almighty to the support me in my
way. I am thankful to Mr. Rajendra S.
Malwal, the principal of Bhagwati
International Public School. I would
like to show my great appreciation to
Mr. Nabakishor Sorokhaibam. The
guidance and support which I received
from my classmates contributes to
this project, and is vital for the
success of this project. I am grateful
for their constant support and help. I
also owe a deep sense of gratitude to
my parents for the encouragement

18

and support throughout the project.

_Hiren M. Thakkar

INDEX
S.No.

Contents

Page No.

I.

Aim

II.

Introduction

III.

Aniseed Essential Oil

IV.

Requirements

12

V.

Procedure

13

VI.

Observation

15

18

VII.

Bibliography

18

17

AIM
TO EXTRACT
ESSENTIAL OIL
PRESENT IN
ANISEED(SAUNF)
.

18

INTRODUCTION
We are all familiar with the pleasant
odours coming out from flowers,
spices and many trees. The essence
or aromas of plants are due to volatile
oils present in them. These smelling
volatile oils present in plants are
called essential oils. Cinnamon, clove,
cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, jasmine,
peppermint,
rose,
sandalwood,

18

spearmint, thyme, wintergreen is a


few familiar examples of valuable
essential oils. The term essential oils
literally means oils derived from the
essence of plants.
Essential oils are mainly used for their
pleasant
Odours
in perfumes and as flavoring agents in
foods. Some are
used in medicines (e.g., camphor,
wintergreen, eucalyptus) others as insect
repellants
(e.g., citronella). Chemically essential oils
are compo-sed
of
complex mixtures of ester, alcohols, phen
ols,
aldehydes,
ketones
and
hydrocarbons.
They are essentially non-polar compounds
and are thus soluble in non-polar solvents
such as petroleum ether, benzene etc.
Essential oils may occur in all parts of the
plant, but they are often concentrated in

18

the seeds or flowers. They are obtained


from the plants by the process of
steam distillation and extraction. The
technique of
steam distillation permits the separation
of volatile components from non-volatile
materials without raising the temperature
of the distillation above 100 C. Thus
steam distillation reduces the risk of
decomposition of essential oils.

18

ANISEED ESSENTIAL
OIL

Aniseed Plant

Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an


essential oil, known as `Oil of Aniseed`,
which has now replaced the fruits for
medicinal and flavoring purposes.
Aniseed oil is a colorless or pale-yellow
liquid having the characteristic odor and
taste of the fruit. The yield of oil
generally varies from 1.9 to 3.1 percent.
Higher values up to 6 per cent have
been reported from Syrian aniseed.
Crushing of fruits prior to distillation

18

gives better yields of oil. The material


should be distilled soon after the
crushing to prevent any loss of oil due
to evaporation. Aniseed oil is a highly
refractive liquid, which solidifies on
cooling. The congealing point depends
much on the anethole content and is a
valuable criterion for evaluating the oil.
Exposure of the oil to air causes
polymerization, and some oxidation also
takes place with the formation of
anisaldehyde and anisic acid.

18

Aniseed Oil

18

The chief constituent of aniseed oil is


anethole, which is present to the extent
of 80 to 90 percent and is mainly
responsible for the characteristic flavor of
the oil. The oil also contains methyl
chavicol, p-methoxyphenyl acetone, and
small amount of terpenes and sulfur
containing compounds of disagreeable
odour.

18

Common Method of Extraction: - Steam


Distillation
Color: - Clear
Botanical Name: - Pimpinella anisum
Aromatic Description:- Distinctive scent
of licorice. Rich and sweet.
Constituents: - a-pinene, camphene, Bpinene, linalool, cis-anethole, transanethole,
safrole,
anisaldehyde,
acetoanisole.

18

Uses of Aniseed Oil: In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is


used to treat colds and flu.
Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid
scent and is used for both hunting and
fishing. It is put on fishing lures to
attract fish.
Oil of aniseed is also reported to be
used as an aromatic carminative to
relieve flatulence, and as an ingredient
of cough lozenges in combination with
liquorice.
Essential oil is also used externally as
an insecticide against small insects such
as head lice, mites and vermin.
Anethole, the principal component of
anise oil, is a precursor that can
eventually
produce
2,5-dimethoxy
benzaldehyde which is can be used in
the clandestine synthesis of psychedelic
drugs such as 2C-B, 2C-I and DOB.
18

REQUIREMENTS: Steam Generator (cooper vessel).


Round bottom flask (500 ml).
Iron stand.
Tripod stand.
Conical flask.
Seperatory funnel.

Condenser.
Glass tubes.
Aniseed (saunf).
Petroleum ether.
Sand bath.
Burners.
18

Procedure: 1.Set the apparatus as shown in the


picture of Experimental Setup. The
apparatus consists of a steam generator
connected to the round bottom flask
through a glass inlet tube. The flask is
connected to a water condenser through
a glass outlet tube. Condenser is further
attached to a receiver through an
adaptor.
2.Take about 750 ml of water in the steam
generator and start heating to produce
steam.
3.In the round bottom flask take about 75
gm of crushed saunf.

18

4. A vigorous current of steam from steam


generator is passed through the round
bottom flask.
5.A part of the steam condenses in the
round bottom flask. As more and more
steam is passed, the steam volatile
components of saunf pass through the
condenser along with steam. These
contents on condensation are collected in
the
receiver.
6. The contents in the round bottom flask
may be heated by a Bunsen burner to
prevent excessive condensation of steam.
7. The process of steam distillation is
continued for about half an hour.
8. Transfer the distillate to a separating
funnel and extract with 20 ml portions of
petroleum ether 3 times.
9. Combine the petroleum ether extracts
in a 250 ml conical flask and dry it with
the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate.

18

10. Remove the solvent from the dried


filtrate by careful distillation in a water
bath. The essential oil is left behind in the
distillation flask.
11.Find the weight of the extracted
essential oil. Note the color, odour and
weight of the essential oil.

18

Experimental Setup:

18

OBSERVATIONS: 1.) Saunf (Aniseed): Weight of Saunf taken = 100 gm


Initial Weight of the bottle = 10gm(x)
Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11.25
gm(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x)
=1.25 gm
Percentage of essential oil = (y/100)
*100=1.25 %
Color of the oil = Colorless
Odour of the oil = Saunf like smell.

18

2.)

Ajwain (Carum): -

Weight of Ajwain taken

= 75 gm

Initial Weight of the bottle = 10 gm(x)


Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11
gm(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x)
=1 gm
Percentage of essential oil = (y/75)
*100=1.33%
Color of the oil = Colorless
Odour of the oil = Ajwain like smell.

18

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anise

Moderns abc chemistry lab manual


class (xii)

www.indianetzone.com

www.ebay.com

18

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