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Solubility, Specific Gravity, Refractive Index of Oils

1) Lipids are soluble in organic solvents like toluene, alcohol, and chloroform but not in water due to their nonpolar nature. They have a specific gravity of less than 1.0 and can be characterized by their refractive indexes which may correlate to structural features. 2) The objective is to demonstrate solubility, specific gravity, and refractive index of various vegetable oils including corn, soybean, cottonseed, safflower, peanut, and olive oils. 3) Students will test the solubility of oils in water and organic solvents, measure the specific gravity using a hydrometer, and determine the refractive index using a refractometer.

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468 views1 page

Solubility, Specific Gravity, Refractive Index of Oils

1) Lipids are soluble in organic solvents like toluene, alcohol, and chloroform but not in water due to their nonpolar nature. They have a specific gravity of less than 1.0 and can be characterized by their refractive indexes which may correlate to structural features. 2) The objective is to demonstrate solubility, specific gravity, and refractive index of various vegetable oils including corn, soybean, cottonseed, safflower, peanut, and olive oils. 3) Students will test the solubility of oils in water and organic solvents, measure the specific gravity using a hydrometer, and determine the refractive index using a refractometer.

Uploaded by

Lyka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solubility, Specific Gravity, and Refractive Index

I.

Introduction and Objective


Lipids may be characterized in a number of ways. They are soluble in organic
solvents but not in water. They have a specific gravity of less than 1.0. They may also
be characterized by their refractive indexes, which may correlate to specific
structural features such as unsaturation or chain length. The objective of this
exercise is to illustrate some of these characteristics of lipids.

II.

Materials
Vegetable oils: corn, soybean, cottonseed, safflower, peanut, olive 250 ml of
each
20 ml chloroform
20 ml toluene
20 ml alcohol
250-ml graduated cylinders
Hydrometer
Refractometer

Completion time: 3045 minutes


Complications: When working with organic solvents, be sure to work in a fume
hood and use gloves.
III.

Procedure;
1. In a large test tube (25 x 200 mm), place 20 ml of water and 5 ml of vegetable oil.
Shake vigorously and observe.
2. Place in each of three large test tubes (25x200 mm), respectively, 20 ml of
toluene, 20 ml of alcohol, and 20 ml of chloroform. To each tube add 5 ml of
vegetable oil. Shake vigorously and observe.
3. Nearly fill the graduated cylinder with vegetable oil at a temperature of 60F.
Introduce a hydrometer
into the oil and determine the specific gravity of the oil.
4. Determine the refractive index of each of the oils using a refractometers.

IV.

Questions
1. In which solvents did the oil dissolve? Why?
2. What quality of oil is demonstrated by specific gravity?
3. Relate the structures of the various oils to their refractive indices.

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