7 Habits Summary
7 Habits Summary
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7 HABITS OF HIGHLY
EFFECTIVE PEOPLE
[BOOK SUMMARY]
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A Brief Introduction
The book opens by explaining how many individuals who have achieved a high degree of
outward success find themselves still struggling with an inner need for developing
personal effectiveness and growing healthy relationships with other people.
Covey believes the way we see the world is entirely based on our own perceptions. In
order to change a given situation, we must change ourselves, and in order to change
ourselves, we must be able to change our perceptions.
In studying over 200 years' worth of literature on the concept of "success," Covey
identified a very important change in the way that humans have defined success over
time.
In earlier times, the foundation of success rested upon Character Ethic (things like
integrity, humility, fidelity, temperance, courage, justice, patience, industry, simplicity,
modesty, and the Golden Rule). But starting around the 1920s, the way people viewed
success shifted to what Covey calls Personality Ethic (where success is a function of
personality, public image, attitudes and behaviors).
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These days, people look for quick fixes. They see a successful person, team, or
organization and ask "How do you do it? Teach me your techniques!" But these shortcuts
that we look for, hoping to save time and effort and still achieve the desired result, are
simply band-aids that will yield short-term solutions; they don't address the underlying
condition.
"The way we see the problem is the problem," Covey emphasizes. We must allow
ourselves to undergo paradigm shifts - to change ourselves fundamentally and not just
alter our attitudes and behaviors on the surface level - in order to achieve true change.
That's where the seven habits of highly effective people come in:
Habits 1, 2, and 3 are focused on self-mastery and moving from dependence to
independence.
Habits 4, 5, and 6 are focused on developing teamwork, collaboration, and
communication skills, and moving from independence to interdependence.
Habit 7 is focused on continuous growth and improvement, and embodies all the
other habits.
Be Proactive
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HABIT 1
Quick Summary:
Were in charge. We choose the scripts by which to live our lives. Use this self-awareness
to be proactive and take responsibility for your choices.
The first habit that Covey discusses is being proactive. What distinguishes us as humans
from all other animals is our inherent ability to examine our own character, to decide how
to view ourselves and our situations, to control our own effectiveness.
Put simply: In order to be effective, one must be proactive.
Reactive people take a passive stance - they believe that the world is happening to them.
They say things like:
"There's nothing I can do."
"That's just the way I am."
They think the problem is "out there" - but that thought is the problem. Reactivity becomes
a self-fulfilling prophecy, and reactive people feel increasingly victimized and out of
control.
Proactive people, however, recognize that they have responsibility - or "response-ability."
Response-ability
the ability to choose how you will respond to a
given stimulus or situation
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In order to be proactive, we must focus on the Circle of Influence that lies within our
Circle of Concern - in other words, we must work on the things we can do something
about.
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The positive energy we exert will cause our Circle of Influence to expand.
Reactive people, on the other hand, focus on things that are in their Circle of Concern but
not in their Circle of Influence, which leads to blaming external factors, emanating negative
energy, and causing their Circle of Influence to shrink.
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Quick Summary:
Start with a clear destination in mind. Covey says we can use our imagination to develop a
vision of what we want to become and use our conscience to decide what values will
guide us.
Most of us find it rather easy to busy ourselves. We work hard to achieve victories promotions, higher income, more recognition. But we don't often stop to evaluate the
meaning behind this busyness, behind these victories - we don't ask ourselves if these
things that we focus on so intently are what really matter to us.
Habit 2 suggests that, in everything we do, we should begin with the end in mind. Start
with a clear destination. That way, we can make sure the steps were taking are in the right
direction.
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Covey emphasizes that our self-awareness empowers us to shape our own lives, instead
of living our lives by default, or based on the standards or preferences of others.
Beginning with the end in mind is also extremely important for businesses. Being a
manager is about optimizing for efficiency. But being a leader is about setting the right
strategic vision for your organization in the first place, and asking "what are we trying to
accomplish?"
Before we as individuals or organizations can start setting and achieving goals, we must
be able to identify our values. This process may involve some rescripting to be able to
assert our own personal values.
rescripting
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It is also important to identify our center. Whatever is at the center of our life will be the
source of our security, guidance, wisdom, and power.
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Our centers affect us fundamentally - they determine our daily decisions, actions, and
motivations, our interpretation of events.
However, Covey notes that none of these centers are optimal, and that instead we should
strive to be principle-centered. We should identify the timeless, unchanging principles by
which we must live our lives, and this will give us the guidance that we need to align our
behaviors with our beliefs and values.
1. Visualize in rich detail your own funeral. Who is there? What are they saying
about you? About how you lived your life? About the relationships you had? What
do you want them to say? Think about how your priorities would change if you
only had 30 more days to live. Start living by these priorities.
Inspiration: The late Steve Jobs used a similar motivation in his daily success
routine. Learn about it here.
3. What scares you? Public speaking? Critical feedback after writing a book?
Write down the worst-case scenario for your biggest fear, then visualize how
you'll handle this situation. Write down exactly how you'll handle it.
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All activities can be categorized based on two factors: urgent and important. Take a look
at this time management matrix:
We react to urgent matters. We spend our time doing things that are not important. That
means that we neglect Quadrant II, which is the actually most crucial of them all.
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If we focus on Quadrant I and spend our time managing crises and problems, it
keeps getting bigger and bigger until it consumes us. These leads to stress, burnout,
and constantly putting out fires.
If we focus on Quadrant III, we spend most of our time reacting to matters that seem
urgent, when the reality is their perceived urgency is based on the priorities and
expectations of others. This leads to short-term focus, feeling out of control, and
shallow or broken relationships.
If we focus on Quadrant IV, we are basically leading an irresponsible life. This often
leads to getting fired from jobs and being highly dependent on others.
Quadrant II is at the heart of effective personal management. It deals with things
like building relationships, long-term planning, exercising, preparation - all things we
know we need to do but somehow seldom get around to actually doing, because they
dont feel urgent.
In order to focus our time in Quadrant II, we have to learn how to say no to other
activities, sometimes ones that seem urgent. We also need to be able to delegate
effectively.
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Plus, when we focus on Quadrant II, it means were thinking ahead, working on the roots,
and preventing crises from happening in the first place! This helps us implement the
Pareto Principle.
Pareto Principle
80 percent of the results flow our of 20 percent
of the activities
We should always maintain a primary focus on relationships and results, and a secondary
focus on time.
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1. Identify a Quadrant II activity you know youve been neglecting. Write it down
and commit to implementing it.
3. After creating your own matrix, estimate how much time you spend in each
quadrant. Then log your time over 3 days. How accurate was your estimate? How
much time did you spend in quadrant 2 (the most important quadrant)?
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Think Win-Win
HABIT 4
Quick Summary:
In order to establish effective interdependent relationships, we must commit to creating
Win-Win situations that are mutually beneficial and satisfying to each party.
Covey explains that there are six paradigms of human interaction:
1. Win-Win: Both people win. Agreements or solutions are mutually beneficial and
satisfying to both parties.
2. Win-Lose: If I win, you lose. Win-Lose people are prone to use position, power,
credentials, and personality to get their way.
3. Lose-Win: I lose, you win. Lose-Win people are quick to please and appease, and
seek strength from popularity or acceptance.
4. Lose-Lose: Both people lose. When two Win-Lose people get together - that is,
when two determined, stubborn, ego-invested individuals interact - the result will be
Lose-Lose.
5. Win: People with the Win mentality dont necessarily want someone else to lose thats irrelevant. What matters is that they get what they want.
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In solving for Win-Win, we must consider two factors: consideration and courage. Take a
look at the following chart:
Abundance Mentality
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Most people, on the other hand, think with the Scarcity Mentality - aka operating as if
everything is zero-sum (in other words, if you get it, I dont). People with the Scarcity
Mentality have a very hard time sharing recognition or credit and find it difficult to be
genuinely happy about other peoples successes.
When it comes to interpersonal leadership, the more genuine our character is, the higher
our level of proactivity; the more committed we are to Win-Win, the more powerful our
influence will be.
To achieve Win-Win, keep the focus on results, not methods; on problems, not people.
Lastly, the spirit of Win-Win cant survive in an environment of competition. As an
organization, we need to align our reward system with our goals and values and have the
systems in place to support Win-Win.
2. Identify three important relationships in your life. Think about what you feel
the balance is in each of those relationships. Do you give more than you take?
Take more than you give? Write down 10 ways to always give more than you take
with each one.
Pro Tip: Here's how one top tier networker builds successful relationships by
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3. Deeply consider your own interaction tendencies. Are they Win-Lose? How
does that affect your interactions with others? Can you identify the source of that
approach? Determine whether or not this approach serves you well in your
relationships. Write all of this down.
Email is one place we all quickly build poor habits. Rather than wasting time by
copying and pasting email templates that you use everyday, we recommend using
HubSpot's free CRM to easily send personalized email templates in Gmail and
Outlook with HubSpot's free CRM.
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We cant simply use one technique to understand someone. In fact, if a person senses that
were manipulating her, she will question our motives and will no longer feel safe opening
up to us.
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Empathic Listening
listening with the intent to understand, both
intellectually and emotionally
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When we listen autobiographically - in other words, with our own perspective as our frame
of reference - we tend to respond in one of four ways:
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STEPHEN COVEY
When were able to present our ideas clearly, and in the context of a deep understanding
of the other persons needs and concerns, we significantly increase the credibility of your
ideas.
1. Next time youre watching two people communicating, cover your ears and
watch. What emotions are being communicated that might not come across
through words alone? Was one person or the other more interested in the
conversation? Write down what you noticed.
2. Next time you give a presentation, root it in empathy. Begin by describing the
audience's point of view in great detail. What problems are they facing? How is
what you're about to say offering a solution to their problems?
Pro Tip: One executive recomends planning your approach. Check out her
specific tips here.
Synergize
HABIT 6
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Quick Summary:
By understanding and valuing the differences in another persons perspective, we have
the opportunity to create synergy, which allows us to uncover new possibilities through
openness and creativity.
The combination of all the other habits prepares us for Habit 6, which is the habit of
synergy.
synergy
when one plus one equals three or more, when the whole is greater than
the sum of its parts
For example, if you plant two plants close together, their roots will co-mingle and improve
the quality of the soil, so that both plants will grow better than they would on their own.
Synergy allows us to create new alternatives, open new possibilities. It allows us as a
group to collectively agree to ditch the old scripts and write new ones.
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STEPHEN COVEY
So how can we introduce synergy to a given situation or environment? Start with habits 4
and 5 - we must think Win-Win and seek first to understand.
Once we have these in mind, we you can pool our desires with those of the other person
or group. And then were not on opposite sides of the problem - were together on one
side, looking at the problem, understanding all the needs, and working to create a third
alternative that will meet them.
What we end up with is not a transaction, but a transformation. Both sides get what they
want, and they build their relationship in the process.
By putting forth a spirit of trust and safety, we will prompt others to become extremely
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open, and feed on each others insights and ideas, creating synergy.
Achieving synergy is often exciting, and is often felt so strongly when it happens that
some people attempt to recreate a particular synergistic experience. This cant often be
done; however, we can seek new synergistic experiences around new and different
purposes.
The real essence of synergy is valuing the differences - the mental, emotional, and
psychological differences between people.
After all, if two people have the same opinion, one is unnecessary. When we become
aware of someones different perspective, we can say, Good! You see it differently! Help
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Value the differences in other people as a way to improve our point of view and
expand your perspective
Sidestep negative energy and look for the good in others
Exercise courage in interdependent situations to be open and encourage others to
be open
Catalyze creativity and find a solution that will be better for everyone by looking for
a third alternative
1. Make a list of people who irritate you. Now choose just one person. How are
their views different? Now put yourself in their shoes for one minute. Think and
pretend how it feels to be them. Does this help you understand them better?
Now next time you're in a disagreement with that person, try to understand their
concerns. Why they disagree with you. The more you can understand this, the
better you can make them agree.
2. Make a list of people who irritate you. Now choose just one person. How are
their views different? Now write down a situation where you had excellent
teamwork and synergy. Why? What conditions were met to reach such fluidity in
your interactions? How can you recreate those conditions again?
Free Tool: Sometimes this is as simple as maintaining your own personal
energy, which this free tool can help with.
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HABIT 7
Quick Summary:
To be effective, we must devote the time to renewing ourselves physically, spiritually,
mentally, and socially. Continuous renewal allows us to synergistically increase our ability
to practice each habit.
Habit 7 is focused around renewal, or taking time to sharpen the saw. It surrounds all of
the other habits and makes each one possible by preserving and enhancing your greatest
asset - yourself.
There are four dimensions of our nature, and each must be exercised regularly, and in
balanced ways:
Physical Dimension
Spiritual Dimension
physical improvement is to
enjoy.
To renew ourselves
To renew ourselves
spiritually, we can:
physically, we must:
Practice daily
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Eat well
meditation or prayer
Communicate with
and relaxation
nature
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Exercise on a regular
Immerse yourself in
basis to build
endurance, flexibility,
and strength
Habit 2, as we continuously
Habit 1 muscles of
Social / Emotional
Dimension
The goal of renewing
Mental Dimension
ourselves socially is to
develop meaningful
relationships.
To renew ourselves
emotionally, we can:
To renew ourselves
mentally, we can:
Seek to deeply
understand other
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people
Keep a journal of
Make contributions
your thoughts,
to meaningful projects
experiences, and
insights
others
Limit television
Maintain an
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Abundance Mentality,
find success
Habit 3 by managing
ourselves effectively to
6 by recognizing that
seeking to understand
others, and finding mutually
beneficial third alternatives
through synergy.
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As we focus on renewing ourselves along these four dimensions, we must also seek to be
a positive scripter for other people. We must look to inspire others to a higher path by
showing them we believe in them, by listening to them empathically, by encouraging them
to be proactive.
The real beauty of the 7 Habits is that improvement in one habit synergistically increases
our ability to improve the rest.
Renewal is the process that empowers us to move along an upward spiral of growth
and change, of continuous improvement.
1. Make a list of activities that would help you renew yourself along each of the 4
dimensions. Select one activity for each dimension and list it as a goal for the
coming week. At the end of the week, evaluate your performance. What led you
to succeed or fail to accomplish each goal?
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2. Commit to writing down a specific sharpen the saw activity in all four
dimensions every week, to do them, and to evaluate your performance and
results.
Free Resource: A journal can actually boost productivity. Learn more in this
post.
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