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Parts of Speech in French

This document summarizes the 8 parts of speech in French: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, articles, prepositions, and conjunctions. It provides details on how certain parts of speech are variable, changing form depending on gender, number, or person. Nouns and verbs can change form, as can adjectives according to the gender and number of the noun they modify. Verb forms also change based on person and number. The document gives examples and explanations of adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions, describing how they are used and what they modify or connect in a sentence.

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1K views3 pages

Parts of Speech in French

This document summarizes the 8 parts of speech in French: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, articles, prepositions, and conjunctions. It provides details on how certain parts of speech are variable, changing form depending on gender, number, or person. Nouns and verbs can change form, as can adjectives according to the gender and number of the noun they modify. Verb forms also change based on person and number. The document gives examples and explanations of adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions, describing how they are used and what they modify or connect in a sentence.

Uploaded by

ApeuDerrop
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASIC GRAMMAR: PARTS OF SPEECH

Words are classified by parts of speech. There are 8 parts of speech in French:
NOUNS (un nom or un substantif)
VERBS (un verbe)
ADJECTIVES (un adjectif)
ADVERBS (un adverbe)
PRONOUNS (un pronom)
ARTICLES (un article)
PREPOSITIONS (une prposition)
CONJUNCTIONS (une conjonction)

Certain parts of speech are VARIABLE, which means their form changes:
ARTICLES

1.

ADJECTIVES

NOUNS

VERBS

Form can change in GENDER (le genre) (masculin= masculin /feminin= fminin):
ARTICLES (le/la, un/une, du/de la)
ADJECTIVES (blanc/blanche)
SOME NOUNS (cousin/cousine)

2.

Form can also change according to NUMBER (le nombre) (singular=


singulier/plural = pluriel):
ARTICLES: (le/les, la/les, un/des, une/des, du/des, de la/des)
ADJECTIVES: (blanc/blancs, grande/grandes)
NOUNS: (livre/livres, femme/femmes, journal/journaux)

3.

Forms of verbs change according to PERSON (la personne) and NUMBER:


Person:
first person includes the person who is speaking (I = je/we = nous)
second person is the person or persons one is speaking to (you = tu/vous)
third person is the person/s one is speaking about (he = il/ they = elles etc. )

A.

NOUNS. See NOUNS under Basic grammr: Sentence Structure,here.

B.

VERBS. See VERBS under Basic Grammar: Sentence Structure, here.

C.

ADJECTIVES. ADJECTIVES modify (that is describe" or "tell something about) nouns


and pronouns. They are clustered around the noun they modify, either before or after it,
depending on the adjective. (An exception is sentences with "tre," in which the
adjectives follow the verb.)
ADJECTIVES agree in GENDER and NUMBER (see above) with the nouns they
describe.
une belle robe bleue
("robe" is feminine/singular, so the adjectives--as well as the article-are in the
feminine singular form)

There are four types of adjectives:

D.

1.

DESCRIPTIVE adjectives (adjectifs dscriptifs). They tell what kind of person or


thing the noun is:
une grande maison
des hommes intelligents

2.

POSSESSIVE adjectives (adjectifs possessifs). They tell whose noun it is:


mes parents
ton livre

3.

INTERROGATIVE adjectives (adjectifs interrogatifs). They ask which noun it is:


Quel livre as-tu perdu?
Quelles chaussures veux-tu acheter?

4.

DEMONSTRATIVE adjectives (adjectifs dmonstratifs) They point out things


("this"/"that"/"these"/"those"):
Cette classe est intressante.
Je n'aime pas ces fraises.

ADVERBS. Adverbs usually indicate quantity, time, place, intensity, and/or manner
("how"). ADVERBS are INVARIABLE. They modify:
1.

Verbs:
Je danse bien.
Tu chantes mal.
Il voyage souvent en Italie avec ses parents.
Mes cousins vont arriver bientt.
ADVERBS which modify VERBS are placed DIRECTLY AFTER the verb.

2.

Adjectives:
Robert est compltement stupide.
Le chien est trs grand.
C'est une femme assez pessimiste.
ADVERBS which modify ADJECTIVES are placed DIRECTLY BEFORE the
adjective. They usually indicate intensity.

3.

Other adverbs:
Maurice parle trop rapidement.
J'ai trs bien compris la question.
Tu fais assez bien la cuisine.
ADVERBS which modify other ADVERBS are placed DIRECTLY BEFORE the
adverb they modify. They usually indicate intensity.

4.

Whole sentences:
Maintenant, nous allons faire du ski.
Nous allons faire du ski maintenant.
ADVERBS which modify a sentence are usually placed either at the BEGINNING
or at the END of the sentence.

E.

F.

PRPOSITIONS. Prepositions indicate a relationship between a noun and other nouns.


The most common prepositions in French include:
(in/at/to)

de (of/from)

pour (for)

avec (with)

sans (without)

chez (at Xs place)

en (in, by)

sur (on)

sous (below)

CONJUNCTIONS. CONJUNCTIONS join together words or parts of sentences. A few of


the most common conjunctions in French are:
ou (or)
parce que (because)

et (and)
mais (but)

que (that)
ni (nor)

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