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ICE Assignment 30072016 043902AM PDF

This document outlines the theory and examples for an assignment on internal combustion engines. It covers several topics: 1. It introduces internal combustion engines and how they are classified. It also covers the basic components and terminology of IC engines. 2. It explains the working principles of 4-stroke spark ignition and compression ignition engines as well as 2-stroke diesel engines. It also covers various engine performance parameters. 3. It provides examples of calculating pressure, temperature, efficiency and other parameters for engines working on the Otto and Diesel cycles. 4. Subsequent assignments cover fuel-air cycles, supercharging, combustion, fuel supply systems, ignition and governing systems.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
233 views6 pages

ICE Assignment 30072016 043902AM PDF

This document outlines the theory and examples for an assignment on internal combustion engines. It covers several topics: 1. It introduces internal combustion engines and how they are classified. It also covers the basic components and terminology of IC engines. 2. It explains the working principles of 4-stroke spark ignition and compression ignition engines as well as 2-stroke diesel engines. It also covers various engine performance parameters. 3. It provides examples of calculating pressure, temperature, efficiency and other parameters for engines working on the Otto and Diesel cycles. 4. Subsequent assignments cover fuel-air cycles, supercharging, combustion, fuel supply systems, ignition and governing systems.

Uploaded by

JayPatel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internal Combustion Engines (2161902)

ASSIGNMENT-1 INTRODUCTION
Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

What do you mean by I.C. Engine? How are they classified?


Explain basic components and terminology of IC engine.
Explain working principle of 4-stroke S.I engine.
Explain working principle of 4-stroke C.I engine.
Explain working of 2-stroke diesel engine.
Explain various performance parameters of IC engine.
Derive the equation for efficiency, work output and mean effective pressure for Otto cycle
and Diesel cycle.

Examples
1. In SI engine works on Otto cycle with compression ratio 6. The initial Pressure and
Temperature of the cycle are 1 bar and 37. The maximum pressure in the cycle is 30
bar. For unit mass flow calculate (1) Pressure volume and Temperature at various salient
Point in the cycle and (2) Ratio of heat supplied to heat rejected and efficiency. Assume
= 1.4 and R = 8.314 kJ/kmol K.
2. An engine working on the Otto cycle has a clearance of 17 percent of stroke volume and
initial pressure of 0.95 bar and temperature 30 . If the pressure at the end of the
constant volume heating is 28 bar, calculate
(a) The air standard efficiency,
(b) The maximum temperature in the cycle,
(c) The ideal mean effective pressure.
(d) If the relative efficiency of the engine is 50 %, calculate the fuel consumption per
kWh, the calorific value of fuel used being 41900 kJ.
3. The initial conditions for an air standard Diesel cycle operating with a compression ratio
of 15:1 are 0.95 bar and 17 . The heat added is 1800 kJ/kg. Calculate the pressure and
temperature at the end of each process of the cycle, and determine the thermal efficiency
and mean effective pressure of the cycle
4. A compression-ignition engine working on diesel cycle operates at a compression ratio
of 15 using diesel oil of calorific value 42000 kJ/kg. The inlet air pressure and
temperature are 1 bar and 300 K. The air-fuel ratio is 21. Calculate for the air standard
cycle
(a) The temperature and pressures at the salient points,
(b) The air standard efficiency, and
(c) The imep.

B.E. Semester VI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot

Internal Combustion Engines (2161902)

ASSIGNMENT-2 Fuel Air and Actual air cycle


Theory
1. What do you mean by Fuel-Air cycle? What are the assumptions in Fuel-Air cycle?
2. What are the reasons for variation of specific heats of gases? Explain effect of variable specific
heat on Otto cycle.
3. Explain phenomenon of dissociation and its effect on maximum temperature and power.
4. Compare fuel air cycle with actual air cycle.
5. Explain effect of following on the fuel air cycle:
a) Time loss
b) Heat loss
c) Rubbing friction loss
d) Pumping loss
6. With neat sketch explain the valve timing diagram of 4-stroke S.I Engine. Also explain
deviation of actual cycle from an ideal cycle.
7. With neat sketch explain the valve timing diagram of 4-stroke C.I Engine. Also explain
deviation of actual cycle from an ideal cycle.

Examples
1. What will be the effect of percentage change in the efficiency of Otto cycle having a
compression ratio of 8, if the specific heat at constant volume increases by 1.1 percent?
[Ans: -0.704%]
2. Calculate the percentage change in efficiency of air standard Otto cycle having a
compression ratio of 7, if the specific heat at constant volume increases by 2 %. [Ans: 1.32%]
3. The following particulars relate to a Diesel cycle:
Compression ratio = 18, cut-off = 5% of stroke, mean specific heat Cv for cycle = 0.71 kJ/kg
K, characteristic gas constant = 0.285 kJ/kg K. If the mean specific heat for the air
standard cycle increases by 2% determine the percentage change in the air standard
efficiency. [Ans: -1.147%]
4. What will be the effect on the efficiency of a diesel cycle having a compression ratio of 20
and a cut-off takes place at 8% of the swept volume, if the Cv increases by 1%. Take Cv =
0.717 kJ/kg K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K. [Ans: -1.197%]
5. A petrol engine using a compression ratio 7 and air-fuel ratio of 15:1 has the pressure
and temperature at the end of suction stroke as 1 bar and 57C respectively. The fuel used
has a calorific value of 44000 kJ/kg. Compression follows the law p V 1.33 constant and
specific heat at constant volume is given by the relation, CV 0.718 2.1104 T , where T
is in Kelvin. Determine the maximum pressure and temperature in the cylinder and
compare this value with that of constant specific heat, Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg K. [Ans: T = 2918.4
K & 4457.3 K, P = 61.904 bar & 94.54 bar]
B.E. Semester VI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot

Internal Combustion Engines (2161902)


6. A Diesel engine uses a compression ratio of 16 and at the end of compression the
temperature of the air is 1100 K. Now the air is supplied at constant pressure by burning
fuel of calorific value of 44200 kJ/kg K and the fuel-air ratio is 0.04:1. Specific heat at
constant volume T is given as: CV 0.72 2 104 T where T is in Kelvin. Determine the
maximum temperature in the cylinder and compare this value with that of constant
specific heat, Cv = 0.72 kJ/kg K. [Ans: T = 2356.7 K & 2688.18 K ]
7. In an oil engine, working on dual combustion cycle the temperature and pressure at the
beginning of compression are 87C and 1 bar. The compression ratio is 14:1. The heat
supplied per kg of air is 1700 kJ, half of which is supplied at constant volume and half at
constant pressure. Calculate
(i) The maximum pressure in the cycle
(ii) The percentage of stroke at which cut-off occurs. [Ans: (i) 73.22 bar (ii) 2.42 %]

ASSIGNMENT - 3 COMBUSTION
Theory
1. Determine minimum amount of air required per kg of solid or liquid fuel for complete
combustion.
2. Explain bomb calorimeter to find the calorific value of solid and liquid fuel.
1. Explain how to measure calorific value of gaseous fuel.

ASSIGNMENT 4 FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR S.I. & C.I. ENGINES


Theory
1. What is carburetion? What are the factors affecting carburetion?
2. Explain with neat sketch working Simple Carburetor. Also explain drawback and
application of simple Carburetor.
3. Draw neat and labeled diagram of multi point fuel injection system for modern
automobile engines and explain its working.
4. Prove that the Air fuel Ratio for Simple Carburetor if air is assumed to be incompressible
is equal to

2 ()

2 [() ]

5. Explain the types of nozzles used in CI engines.


6. Describe with the help of suitable sketches:
(i) Jerk pump system
(ii) Common rail system
(iii) Distributor system
7. Explain construction and working of BOSCH fuel pump.

B.E. Semester VI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot

Internal Combustion Engines (2161902)

Examples
1. A petrol engine consumes 7.5 kg of petrol per hour. The specific gravity of the fuel is 0.75.
The air temperature is 25 C. The air fuel ratio is 15. The choke tube has a diameter of 22
mm. Calculate the diameter of the fuel jet of a simple carburetor. Top of the jet is 4 mm
above the petrol level in the float chamber. Take coefficient of discharge as 0.82 and 0.7
for air and fuel respectively. Atmospheric pressure = 1.013 bar.
2. The venture of a simple carburetor has a throat diameter of 20 mm and the coefficient of
air flow is 0.85. The fuel orifice has a diameter of 1.25 mm and the coefficient of fuel flow
is 0.66. The petrol surface is 5 mm below the throat. Find
a) the air-fuel ratio for a pressure drop of 0.07 bar when the nozzle lip is neglected;
b) the air-fuel ratio when the nozzle lip is taken into account;
c) the minimum velocity of air or critical air velocity required to start the fuel flow
when nozzle lip is provided.
Take density of air and fuel as 1.2 and 750 kg/m3 respectively.

ASSIGNMENT 5 IGNITION AND GOVERNING SYSTEM


1. Explain Ignition Requirement. Also Give Types of Ignition Systems and
explain battery ignition system in detail.
2. What do you understand by ignition timings? Discuss the various
factors which affect ignition timing requirements.
3. State the various methods of governing of IC engines and discuss any one of them.
4. Explain the working of magneto ignition system. State its advantages and disadvantages
over battery ignition system.

ASSIGNMENT 6 SUPERCHARGING
1. Define Supercharging And Give Its Advantage And Disadvantage. Give Limitation Of
Supercharging.
2. Which are the supercharging limitation for SI engine and CI engine?
3. Explain method of supercharging.
4. Write objectives of supercharging.
5. What do you mean by turbo charging? Write advantage and limitation of turbo charging.
6. Which are the types of superchargers? Explain centrifugal type supercharger.

1.
2.
3.
4.

ASSIGNMENT 7 COMBUSTION IN SI & CI ENGINE

Describe with suitable sketches the combustion phenomenon in SI engine.


What is ignition lag? Discuss the effect of engine variables on ignition lag?
Discuss the engine variable on flame propagation.
What is abnormal combustion knock? How can we differentiate between normal
combustion and abnormal combustion knock?

B.E. Semester VI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot

Internal Combustion Engines (2161902)


5. Describe the phenomenon of detonation or knocking in SI engines. What factors does
detonation depends?
6. What are the factors that an engine operators can control to reduce tendency of
Detonation?
7. Classify the combustion chamber. Explain I-head and F-head combustion chamber.
8. Describe with suitable sketches the combustion phenomenon in CI engine.
9. What is ignition lag? Discuss the effect of engine variables on ignition lag in CI Engine?
10. Describe the phenomenon of detonation or knocking in CI engines.
11. What are the factors that an engine operators can control to reduce tendency of
Detonation in CI Engine?
12. Classify the combustion chamber. Explain M-head and Induction swirl combustion
chamber in CI Engine.

ASSIGNMENT 8 ENGINE LUBRICATION AND COOLING


1. Explain with neat sketch splash lubrication system
2. Explain with neat sketch the working of a thermostat cooling system

ASSIGNMENT 9 TESTING AND PERFORMANCE


Theory

1. List various methods available for finding friction power of an engine and explain any
one of them.
2. State the limitations experienced in evolution of friction power using willians line
method.
3. Why Morse test is not suitable for single cylinder engine? Describe the method of
Finding friction power using Morse test.
4. Explain the method of motoring test for obtaining friction power an engine.
5. Explain the principal involved in the measurement of brake power.
6. Explain the use of prony brake and rope brake in measuring the power output in engine.
7. Explain the basic principal and working of hydraulic dynamometer.
8. With neat sketch explain an eddy current dynamometer.
9. What is transmission dynamometer? Explain.

Examples
1. In a Morse test with four cylinder four stroke petrol engine, the following data were
obtained for a particular setting and speed.
Brake power with all cylinders working = 32.0
Brake power with no. 1 cylinder cut out = 21.6
Brake power with no. 2 cylinder cut out = 22.3
Brake power with no. 3 cylinder cut out = 22.5
Brake power with no. 4 cylinder cut out = 23.0
Estimate the indicated power of the engine and its mechanical efficiency.
2. A 4-cylinder, 4-stroke petrol engine 6 cm bore and 9 cm stroke was tested at constant
speed. The fuel supply was fixed to 0.13 kg/min and plugs of 4-cylinders were
B.E. Semester VI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot

Internal Combustion Engines (2161902)


successively short-circuited without change of speed. The power measurements were as
follows:
With all cylinder working=16.25 kw
With No.1st cylinder cut-off=11.55 kw
With No.2nd cylinder cut-off =11.65 kw (BP)
With No.3rd cylinder cut-off =11.70 kw (BP)
With No.4th cylinder cut-off =11.50 kw (BP)
Find (a) The IP of engine (b) Mechanical efficiency (c) Indicated thermal efficiency if CV
of fuel used is 42000 kJ/kg and (d) Find the relative efficiency on IP bases assuming
clearance vol. =60 cm3
3. The following observations were recorded from test on a single cylinder four stroke oil
engine cylinder bore =150mm, engine stroke =250mm engine speed 420rpm, brake
torque=217Nm, fuel consumption 2.95 kg/h, calorific value of fuel=44000KJ/Kg cooling

ASSIGNMENT 10 ENGINE EMISSION AND THEIR CONTROL


1. Tell Bharat Stages of emission norms in brief for cars and two wheelers.
2. State and explain different methods of measurement of pollutants in exhaust gases and
explain any one.
3. What are the international accepted methods for measuring the NOx, CO and HC?

ASSIGNMENT-11 DIESEL POWER PLANT


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Draw the layout of diesel power plant.


Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of a diesel engine.
State the applications of a diesel power plant?
Write a note on fuel system of diesel power plant.
Write a note on lubrication system of diesel power plant.

B.E. Semester VI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot

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