Air Standard Cycles

UNIT-1
Air Standard cycles
Numericals on Air Standard Cycles
[1] An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and uses air as working fluid. The
state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20°𝐶. If the
maximum temperature in the cycle is not to exceed 2200k, determine (i)The thermal
efficiency, (ii) The mean effective pressure. Assume the constant specific heats for air
at room temperature.
[2] An air standard limited pressure cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and compression
begins at 0.1 MPa, 40°C. The maximum pressure is limited to 6MPa and the heat added
is 1675𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔.Compute (i)The heat supplied at constant volume per kg of air, (ii)The
heat supplied constant pressure , (iii)The cycle efficiency , (iv)The cut off ratio (v)m.e.p
of the cycle
[3] A diesel engine operating on an air standard diesel cycle has 20mm bore and 30 mm
stroke. The clearance volume is 4.2× 10−4 m3 . the fuel is injected for constant pressure
for 5% of the stroke calculate the air standard Efficiency .If the cut off is delayed from
5% to 8%. What will be the effect on efficiency?
[4] The pressures on the compression curve of a diesel engine are at 1⁄8 𝑡ℎ stroke 1.4 bar
and at 7⁄8 𝑡ℎ stroke 14 bar. Estimate the compression ratio. Calculate the air standard
efficiency and mean effective pressure of the engine if the cut off occurred at 1⁄15 𝑡ℎ
of the stroke. Assume initially air is at 1 bar and 27℃
[5] The compression ratio for a single cylinder engine operating on dual cycle is 8. The
maximum pressure is limited to 55bar. The pressure and temperature of air at the
beginning is 1 bar and 27°C. Heat is added during constant pressure up to 3% of the
stoke. Assuming the diameter as 25 cm and stroke as 30cm. find the following a) the
work done per cycle b) the air standard efficiency of the cycle c) the power developed
if number of working cycles 200/min.
[6] An engine of 250mm bore and 375mm stoke works on constant volume cycle. The
clearance volume is 0.00263m3. The initial pressure and temperature are 1bar and 50℃.
If maximum pressure is 25 bar find a) air standard efficiency b) mean effective pressure.
[7] Two engines are to operate on Otto and diesel cycles with the following data. Maximum
temperature: 1400K, exhaust temperature: 700K, state of air at the beginning of

Dr. MDAN_Department of Mechanical Engineering, DSCE-Bengaluru- 78 Page 1 of 3

compression 0.1MPa, 300K. Estimate the compression ratio, the maximum pressures,
efficiencies and rate of work output (for 1kg/sec of air) of the respective cycles.
[8] The minimum and maximum temperature in an engine working on constant pressure
cycle are 300K and 1500K and the heat addition during combustion process is 500kJ/kg
of air. Another engine working on semi diesel cycle between the same temperatures
limits of 300K and 1500K has a heat addition of 500kJ/kg of air which shared equally
between the two heat addition processes. Compare their a) efficiency b) work outputs
[9] A petrol engine works on Otto cycle under ideal condition. The initial pressure before
the beginning of compression is 101kPa at 340K. The pressure at the end of the heat
addition process is 2.5MPa. As per the details furnished by the manufacturer engine has
stroke length twice the bore. Engine bore is 300mm and clearance volume is 4×10-3m3.
Determine a) compression ratio b) the air standard efficiency c) the mean effective
pressure
[10] In an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 16. At the beginning of
isentropic compression, the temperature is 15°C and pressure is 0.1 MPa that is added
until the temperature at the end of the constant pressure process is 1480°C. Calculate
1) cut off ratio 2) heat supplied per kg of air 3) cycle efficiency 4) mean effective
pressure.
[11] A four stroke, four cylinder petrol engine of 250mm bore and 375mm stoke works on
the Otto cycle. The clearance volume is 0.01052m3. The initial pressure and
temperature are 1 bar and 47℃. If the maximu pressure is limited to 25bar, find the
following a) air standard efficiency b) mean effective pressure
[12] The minimum pressure and temperature of the air standard Carnot cycle are 1 bar and
15℃ respectively. The pressure after isothermal compression is 3.5 bar and the
pressure after the isentropic compression is 10.5 bar. Determine a) efficiency b) mean
effective pressure c) power developed if the Carnot engine makes 2 cycles/second.
Take air as R=0.287 kJ/kg.K, γ= 1.4
[13] An air standard diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16. The temperature before
compression is 27°C and temperature after expansion is 627°C. Determine a) network
output per unit amount of air b) thermal efficiency c) specific air consumption in kg/hr.
[14] For an engine, working on an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 10 and
cut off ratio is 1.18. The maximum pressure in the cycle is limited to 70 bar. Pressure
and temperature of air at the beginning of compression are 1.03 and 27°C respectively.

Dr. MDAN_Department of Mechanical Engineering, DSCE-Bengaluru- 78 Page 2 of 3

Find a) the pressure and temperature of air at various terminals points in the cycle and
b) thermal efficiency of the cycle.
[15] A Carnot power cycle uses air the working substance .The cycle works between the
temperature limits are 900K and 300K. The pressure limits are 60 bar & 1bar.
Determine a) pressure and temperature at salient points of the cycle, b) network output
from the cycle c) thermal efficiency d) mean effective pressure.
[16] An engine working on Otto cycle in which the salient points are 1, 2, 3&4 has upper
and lower temperature limits T3 and T1.If the maximum work per kg of air is to be
done, then show that the intermediate temperature is given by T2=T4=√𝑇1. 𝑇3 .If an
engine works on Otto cycle between the temperature limits 1430K & 300K, find the
maximum theoretical power developed by the engine assuming the circulation of air
per minute is 0.4 kg.
[17] An indicator diagram taken on a diesel engine shows that the compression curve
follows the law PV1.4=constant. At two points lying on the compression curve at
1/8th&7/8th of the stroke the pressures are 1.6 bar &16 bar respectively. Find the
compression ratio of the engine. If cut off occurs at 6% of the stroke, calculate air
standard efficiency of the engine.
[18] In an Otto cycle ,the upper &lower limits for the absolute temperature respectively are
T3&T1,show that for the maximum work, the ratio of compression should have the
value rc=(T3/T1)1.25.
[19] Stroke & cylinder diameter of a compression ignition engine are 250mm & 150mm
respectively. If the clearance volume is 0.0004m3& fuel injection takes place at
constant pressure for 5% of the stroke determine the efficiency of the engine. Assume
the engine working on the diesel cycle.
[20] An engine operates on air standard diesel cycle .the pressure & temperature at the
beginning of compression are 100kpa & 27oC.The compression ratio is 18. The heat
added per kg of air is 1850kJ.Determine maximum pressure, maximum temperature,
thermal efficiency, network done & mean effective pressure of the cycle. Assume
γ=1.4, Cp=1.005kJ/kg.K.

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