NAME PERIOD se 7 Study Guide and fiction Multiplying Matrices Multiply Matrices You can multiply two matrices if and only if the number of columns in the first matrix is equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. AB Multiplication of Matrices Jae +bg af + bh 0 + 09 of + ah -2 sy and B -4 3 AB=| 2-2 Substtutton 17 —4(5) + 8-1) -4(-2) + 38) =] 26) + 2X1) 2-2) + (-2)(8))——_atipy cotuns by rows 16)+ 7-1) 1-2) + 708) -28 17 =| 12 -10 simpy. -2 19 Exercises Find each product, if possible. “Leal les] 3 1) .[ 40-2 5 -2)"|-31 1 © Gincoemccrn tl | 5 +0 4-3) af! 3 | -2 7 Chapter 3 37 Glencoe Algebra 2 en}NAME DATE PERIOD = (3-6 Study Guide and Intervention —couinuea) Multiplying Matrices Multiplicative Properties The Commutative Property of Multiplication does not hold for matrices. For any matrices A, B, and C for which the matrix product is | cefined, and any scalar, the folowing properties are true. ‘Associative Property of Matrix Multiplication | (AB)C = A(BC) ‘Associative Property of Scalar Multiplication | c(AB) = (cA)B = A(cB) Properties of Matrix Multiplication Left Distributive Property: C(A + B) = CA + CB Right Distributive Property (A + B)C = AC + BC EW a= [4]. 5 = [2 Sana ce [t ~2] to sind cach product a. (A + B)C armor TE Ib ral [ + (-3X6) 6(-2) + 99 TL) + (-2N6) 7-2) + (-2N8) 12 =] —5 -20 DAC + RO [4-3], [1-2] ,f2. 0,1 -2 ac+ac=[) We all alls ‘| = “le + (—3)(6) 4(—2) + So | + fe + 06) 2-2) + 0(3) 21) + 16) me 2) +118) 5(1) + (8X6) 5(-2) + (-8%8), -14 su]+ il- [ 12 -21 i ~19}~ | -5 -20] Note that although the results in the example illustrate the Right Distributive Property, they do not prove it. 2 Souedusg m-neQ2n ou > UaBHE 8 eH MEAWVOAIND @ HENS Exercises 7 Use A = . J ,B= if 4} c= . 3 , and scalar c = —4 to determine whether the following equations are true for the given matrices. 1 1, e(AB) = (cA)B 2.AB = BA | 3.BC =CB 4. (AB)C = A(BC) } | 5.C(A +B) = AC + BC 6.c(A +B) =cA +B Chapters 38 Glencoe Algebra 2 (TT A. Cony © GlncoehteGram i, ion che McGrail Conan, NAME: - DATE PERIOD GERD skills Practice Multiplying Matrices Determine whether each matrix product is defined. If so, state the dimensions of the product. LAL 5" Bsa 2M Nyce 8.Bs at Ayee AR Sur 5X3 Yona 6A Biss Find each product, if po: (2) [5 6] [2 -5 2.13 a-[}] : H| 2 ‘] Lal La} Lag] 1.[-3 a-[2 4 12. fal: [2 -8 2] 5 =! “(34 [ete wae wf 2 3) Use A = R }2 =|"? 2],c=[5 1], and c =2 to determine whether the 2 1 51. 1 oO following equations are true for the given matrices. 17.c(AC) = A(cC) 18. AB = BA 19.B(A + C) = AB + BC 20.c(A — B) = cA ~ cB Chapter 3 39 Glencoe Algebra 2 [eTNAME DATE PERIOD (GEE Practice Multiplying Matrices Determine whether each matrix product is defined. If so, state the dimensions of the product. Aya B, 2 Ass Mone 8 Mas Arne 2 5 Pig" Qo 6 Po Qiao “halted 4My, 2° As, Find each product, if possible. “(5 ale] -3 0] J2 4 3-2 7) [3-2 7 9. a 10. : [asl le] [oo alls oa 1 1 1.40 2)-| 3 12.| 3]-[4 0 2) “1 -1 ~6 2] [5 0 6ou . : .[-15 -9] + Bs A [ H| 14 [-15 9] bs aol vsed=[' 3),p=-[ 4 %c=[2 Q]- and c= 8 to determine whether the Is 1 -2 -1| 0-1 following equations are true for the given matrices. 15.AC = CA 16.AB + C) = BA+CA 1T(ABye = (AB) 18,(A + CB = BIA +0) 19.RENTALS For their one-week vacation, the Montoyas can rent a 2-bedroom B-Bedrocm ||| &- Bedroom || 4-Gadroom condominium for $1796, a 3-bedroom [Sun Haven | _ 96 24 22 condominium for $2165, or a 4-bedroom | Suraide 28 a 2 condominium for $2538. The table Samoa 7 2a 7 shows the number of units in each of three complexes. a. Write a matrix that represents the number of each type of unit available at each complex and a matrix that, represents the weekly charge for each type of unit. b, Ifall of the units in the three complexes are rented for the week at the rates given the Montoyas, express the income of each of the three complexes as a matrix. cc. What is the total income of all three complexes for the week? ‘Chapter 3 40 Glencoe Algebra 2 eutdog 2 souedueg wrrMaN 84 USD WH AEIOEHUPOCIRDCcoprisht © Glencoe a ds ot Te MeSH Compan, NAME DATE _ PERIOD (Word Problem Practice Multiplying Matrices 1. FIND THE ERROR Both A and B are 2 by 2 matrices. Maggie made the following derivation. Is this derivation valid? If not, what error did she make? a. (A+BY = (A+B)A+B) b, = (A+ BA+(A+B)B e = AA+BA+AB+BB a = At+BA+AB +B? e = A? +AB + AB +B £ = At + 2AB + BP 2. EXAM SCORES Mr. Farey recorded the exam scores of his students in a 20 by 8 matrix. Each row listed the scores of a different student. The first exam scores were listed in the first column, and the second exam scores were listed in the second column. The final exam scores were listed in the third column. Mr. Farey needed to create a 20 by 1 matrix that contained the weighted scores of each student. The first two exams account for 25% of the weighted score, and the final exam counted 50%. To make the matrix of weighted scores, what matrix can Mr. Farey multiply his 20 by 8 matrix by on the right? 8. SPECIAL MATRICES Mandy has a 3 by 3 matrix M, She notices that for any 3 by 8 matrix X, MX = X. What must M be? Chapter 3 a 4, POWERS Thad just learned about matrix multiplication. He began to wonder what happens when you take powers of a matrix. He computed the first few powers of the matrix M= i 1 and noticed a pattern, What is"? 5. COST COMPARISONS The average family spends more than $500 on school supplies at the beginning of each school year. Barbara and Lance need to buy pens, pencils, and erasers. They make a 2by 8 matrix that represents the numbers of each item they would like to purchase. Pens Pencils Erasers Barbara [10 15 3 Lance | 5 20 5 ‘They call this matrix M. Barbara and Lance find two stores that sell the items at different prices and record this information in a second matrix that they call P. Store 1 Store 2 Pens [2.20 1.90 Pencils |0.85 0.95 Erasers 10.60 0.65, a, Compute MP. b. What do the entries in MP mean? Glencoe Algebra 2 TST