QTY-2

Size: 6 ID
Material ; Inc 625 (body) to X65 (pipe)
Serial :2010-09-0208S
J2-2010-09-0201S to 47285740-014
Serial No: 2010-09-0209S
J2-2010-09-0202S to 47285740-010

Phased Array
Ultrasonic Testing
(PAUT)
February 26, 2010
AEDT Nondestructive Examination

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What is Ultrasonic Testing (UT) ?
The study and application of sound waves to a specimen
used to determine the soundness, integrity, thickness, or
some physical property.
Conventional UT is accomplished by sending one beam
of sound into a material and monitoring the amount of
sound returned to the unit.
Beam steering and focusing are manual functions based
on the probe, wedge, and material characteristics.
Detection of defects is totally dependant on the
orientation of the flaw to the sound path. (Perpendicular)

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 What Are Phased Arrays?
Phased-array technology is the ability to electronically
modify the acoustic probe characteristics.

Probe modifications are performed by introducing time

shifts (delays) in the signals sent to (pulse) and received
from (echo) individual elements of an array probe.

Any Conventional UT technique for flaw detection and

sizing can be applied using phased-array probes.

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 Phased Array UT Benefits
Business Benefits
Combines the benefits of conventional UT and RT methods into one comprehensive NDE
method
Portability Inspection easily done on site (no need to send out parts for NDE (RT))
Provides a permanent record of NDE inspection
Safety (no risk of radiation exposure)

Technical Benefits
High speed electronic scanning without moving parts (Faster)
Improved inspection capabilities through software control of beam characteristics
Optimized beam steering and focusing
Optimized flaw detection and characterization
More accurate sizing
Inspection with multiple angles with single, electronically controlled probe
Greater flexibility for inspection of complex geometries
Provides detailed imaging of the UT data into three different perspective views

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What is a Phased Array Probe

A mosaic of transducer elements in

which the timing of the elements
excitation can be individually
controlled to produce specific effects,
such as steering the beam axis or
focusing the beam.

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Design Parameters of Phased-Array Probes
A linear array (1D) is
basically a long
conventional probe

Cut in many small

elements, that can be
individually excited, or
excited as a group

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 Design Parameters of
Phased-Array Probes
Elements are acoustically insulated from each other.

Elements are pulsed in groups with pre-calculated time

delays for each element, i.e. phasing.

1-16, then 2-17, then 3-18

This is a Virtual Probe Aperture (VPA)

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8
 Beam Steering
Electrical Delayed
Pulses to Xducer

Is the capability to
electronically modify the
refracted angle of the beam
Probe
generated by the array probe.
Elements

Allows for multiple angle

inspections, using a single
probe, e.g., 45 to 60 degrees,
or -30 to + 30 degrees. Sound
Beam in
Material

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 Beam Generation and Focusing
Elements pulsed
with different time
delays. (Elements
in the array are
yellow; applied
delay to each
element is in
green.)
Time delays
generate a focused
normal beam in this
instance.

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 Beam Reflection

For angle beam

exam, the time
delay pattern
has a slant as
shown here.
Focusing can be
performed by
adding time
delays to the
angle of
refraction.

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60 Degree Angle with Crack Tip

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OmniScan Phased Array Channels
60 Linear and 45 Linear, and Sector Scan

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FMC Technologies Butter Welds
And Phased-Array UT

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Initial FMC Phased-Array Butter Weld
Scan Plan
5 MHz, 16 element

Requires two scan approaches; Flaw Characterization and sizing is limited.

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PAUT Cal Block Rev. C

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Straight Beam Cal Block Rev. C

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FMC New PAUT Scan Technique
Butter weld face only

Indication qualification may be followed by an ID scan

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PAUT Cal Block Rev. J

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The New FMC Phased-Array
Technique
3 Group Scan: 5L-64 Raster Scan; -30 - +30

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 RECORDING & REPORTING
Revision C (Old) Reporting; Minimum Information Required

1. Name and location of fabricator, date of examination

2. Part description and quantity examined
3. Serial number and part number with revision level
4. Reference standards used for calibration with serial number
5. UT specification number and revision level
6. Technician name and certification level
7. Component number, flow direction, 12 Oclock position with diameter and thickness
8. Photograph of the part (Optional)
9. Tabular data with weld no. probe (US/DS), Oclock position, depth, Lmax, DAC at Lmax, L1/L2, (start/stop), with location of
indication relative to the fusion line, L measured from the 12 oclock position using the right hand rule. Flow in the thumb
direction and fingers in the clock direction
10. Type of test equipment, probe type, frequency, angle and brand name
11. Tubular results of the examination Data Sheet 1
12. Graphical Plot of the results Details of all unacceptable indications (dimension, location, and nature), including a sketch
showing the location around the circumference (start to end), depth, amplitude in %DAC and possible nature of the location, in
the case of 100% weld evaluation. Use Graphical Plot Data Sheet.
13. Any calibration correction and transfer techniques used shall be noted
14. All PAUT calibration and inspection test data plus A scans shall be recorded and stored for a minimum of five years

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 RECORDING AND REPORTING
Latest revision J (New) Reporting and recording (All customers)
A digital recording of group 1 (5L 64 E-scan) shall be performed. The recording shall be retained and
provided to FMC upon request.
An image of all indications exceeding 20% of reference TCG or DAC shall be captured and retained in
the report file for Group 5 Scan (10L32 E-scan). Position, location, characterization, sizing, and
evaluation shall be documented and included with the image.
If a recordable indication is noted, then a line scan with positional data shall be performed in the area
of interest of the reflector. This shall be documented in the Report Table feature with notation in the
OmniScan report.
All line scan data shall be recorded and documented in the OmniScan data report file and saved for a
minimum of 5 years by the contractor company performing the examination. All data files, report files
and jpeg images shall be turned over to FMC.
Results of ultrasonic examination shall be reported on the OmniScan Data Report Form utilized in the
software. All Phased Array examination data for each recordable indication, A-scans, B, C, and S
Scans shall be saved as a Report File within the OmniScan.
The examiner shall record the results of the phased array examination on the FMC Phased Array
Examination Report Form 2; All recordable indications shall be documented on the examination report.
All blocks of the FMC Phased Array Examination Report should be completed with the appropriate
data or "NA". See attached zip file, FMC Phased Array Examination Report Form (FORM 2).
The Ultrasonic Scan Plan, Ultrasonic Calibration, and Ultrasonic Instrument Linearity verification (if
required) shall be considered part of the examination report.

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