Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, 1st Edition.

Giorgio Rizzoni

Errata Corrige for first printing of 1st Edition

Revision 1

August 31st, 2008

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 1

Note from the Author
Dear students or instructors:

First, thank you for using this book. This document contains a list of typographical errors, misprints and the
occasional technical error. I am grateful to Dr. Ralph Tanner of Western Michigan University for uncovering the
majority of these errata, and I include a note prepared by him because I especially liked his suggestion directed at
the students.

I would be grateful if any user who thinks that they might have uncovered an error would be kind enough to send a
message with a detailed description of the suggested correction to me at rizzoni.1@osu.edu .

Again, thank you for adopting this textbook.

Giorgio Rizzoni, Columbus, august 2008

Note by Dr. Ralph Tanner, Western Michigan University

There are a dozen pages of errata contained here. At first blush, this might be considered excessive.
However, the errors are generally minor and are of the type that the knowledgeable reader would tend to self-
correct when reading the material.

But, since this is a text intended for the student, these errors can cause self-doubt and can get in the way of
learning the material. The student may tend to believe that the error is in their understanding rather than in the
printing of the book. For this reason, this errata file has been very picky.

I would recommend that the student adopt one of two strategies with this errata file:

1) Go through the entire errata file and mark the changes in the book.
2) Go through the entire errata file and put a prominent red dot on each page where an
erratum occurs.

I believe the first strategy is the best. This allows the student to have the correct information at the point
when it is needed. However, the second strategy will alert the student to a possible point of confusion. If a topic on
the page in question causes confusion, the student can make the change at that time. If the topic causing confusion
was in error, the student will have the corrected material. If the topic causing confusion was not the one in error, the
student will know to keep working to understand the area of confusion.

What I do NOT recommend is the filing of the errata then going to it only when confusion arises.

In my classes, I teach the analysis of circuits. I also teach the engineering methods used to reduce the chance of
errors. Engineering is a field where errors may cause the loss of life. (Another is medicine.) Because of this grave
responsibility, we need to learn how to minimize errors. One of the methods used to minimize errors is multiple
cumulative review. This errata file represents the start of this process. I am certain that I have not found all of the
errors in this text.

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 2

Chapter 1
No errata.

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 3

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
p. 29: The last sentence of the first paragraph should read:

An example of this dual behavior is exhibited by the photodiode, which can act either in a passive mode (as a light
sensor) or in an active mode (as a solar cell).

p. 44: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: The first sentence should read:

Compute the full-scale (i.e., largest) output voltage for the force-measuring apparatus of Example 2.16.

p. 77: Figure 3.18:

v1 in the figure for analysis for mesh 2 does not enter into the analysis for mesh 2 so it should not be on that figure
(delete + v1 )

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 4

Chapter 3 Resistive Network Analysis
p. 81: Example 3.10/Solution, Analysis:

We follow the Focus on Measurement should read We follow the Focus on Methodology

p. 83: on the second line:

(transistors are introduced in Chapter 9) should read (transistors are introduced in Chapter 10)

p. 84: Figure 3.25 should be replaced by the one shown below.

p. 84: a subscript is missing.

21 14
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: Answer should be v = V; v 3 = V
11 11

p.119: Figure P3.20:

The resistor with the missing value should have a value of 4.

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 5

Chapter 4 AC Network Analysis
p. 133: Example 4.1, Solution

Find: Charge separation at nominal voltage should read, Find: Charge stored at nominal voltage .

p. 133: Example 4.1, Solution

The line that reads, Since we know that the discharge current is 25 A and the available charge separation is 250 F
should read, Since we know that the discharge current is 25 A and the available charge separation is 250 C .

p. 134: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Should read, Compare the charge storage achieved in this ultracapacitor with a (similarly sized) electrolytic
capacitor used in power electronics applications, by calculating the charge storage for a 2,000 F electrolytic
capacitor rated at 400 V.

p. 138: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Should read, Compare the energy stored in this ultracapacitor with a (similarly sized) electrolytic capacitor used in
power electronics applications, by calculating the energy stored in a 2,000 F electrolytic capacitor rated at 400 V.

p. 146: Under Why Sinusoids?:

regarding the analysis of electric power circuits. Note that the methods

should read,

regarding the analysis of electric power circuits. The more ambitious reader may wish to explore Fourier
Analysis on the web to obtain a more comprehensive explanation of the importance of sinusoidal signals. Note that
the methods .

p. 148: Equation (4.27) should read:

T T
W = TPAV = T p(t ) = p(t')dt' = Ri ac
2
(t')dt' = TI eff2 R
0 0

p. 149: Equation (4.28) should read:

1T 2
I eff = i ac (t')dt' = I rms
T 0

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 6

Chapter 5 Transient Analysis
p. 182: last line on the page

By analogy with equation 5.8, we call

should read

By analogy with equation 5.7, we call

p. 184: Section 5.3, last line of introductory paragraph

using the principle of continuity of inductor voltage and current

should read

using the principle of continuity of capacitor voltage and inductor current.

p. 191: FOCUS ON METHODOLOGY: Step 2:

( )
v C = v C 0 should read ( ) ( )
vC 0 + = vC 0

p. 195: Example 5.7, Solution, Step 4:

with reference to equation 5.22

should read

with reference to equation 5.24.

p. 197: Figure 5.19:

The vertical scale on the graph should be labeled Ratio of capacitor voltage to source voltage (vC VB ) and the
horizontal scale should be labeled Time constants (RC)

p. 197: Figure 5.20:

The direction of iL should be counter-clockwise. The vertical scale on the graph should be labeled Ratio of
Inductor current to source current (i L I B )and the horizontal scale should be labeled Time constants, L/R)

p. 202: two paragraphs above the beginning of Example 5.10

with reference to equation 5.25

should read

with reference to equation 5.24

p. 204: Example 5.10, Solution, Step 2:

(equation 5.25) should read (equation 5.22)

p. 204: Example 5.10, Solution, Step 4:

with reference to equation 5.22 should read with reference to equation 5.24

p. 210: below Equation 5.49:

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 7

in equation 5.48 should read in equation 5.49

p. 211: five lines under Figure 5.39:

in the differential equation 5.48 should read in the differential equation 5.49

p. 214: Example 5.13, Solution, Analysis:

This equation is in the form of equation 5.50, with K S = 1, n2 = 1 LC

should read

This equation is in the form of equation 5.50, with ?? n2 = 1 LC

p. 214: Example 5.13, Solution, Analysis:

by inspection that K S = 1, n = 1 LC

should read

by inspection that ?? n = 1 LC

p. 214: Example 5.13, Solution, Analysis:

we have ?? s1,2 = 12.5 j316.2

should read

we have ?? s1,2 = 12.6 j316.0 .

The second line of the equation immediately below this should then be:

= 1e(
12.6+ j 316.0)t
+ 2e (
12.6 j 316.0)t

p. 216: Five lines below Equation 5.59

the exponential decay term 21e n

should read

the exponential decay 21e n t

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 8

p. 218: FOCUS ON METHODOLOGY: Step 2:

( ) ( )
i L 0 + = i + L 0

should read

( ) ( )
i L 0 + = i L 0

p. 218: FOCUS ON METHODOLOGY: Step 3:

(equation 5.9 or 5.49)

should read

(equation 5.13 or 5.49)

p. 219: Step 2:

continuity of inductor voltage and capacitor currents

should read

continuity of inductor current and capacitor voltage

p. 221: Example 5.15, Solution, Find:

the differential equation in i L (t ) describing

should read

the differential equation in vC (t )describing

p.221: Example 5.15, Solution, Schematics :

R = 500

should read

R = RS = 1,000

p. 222: Example 5.15, Solution, Step 2:

continuity of inductor voltage and capacitor currents

should read

continuity of inductor current and capacitor voltage

p. 224: Example 5.16, Solution, Step 2:

continuity of inductor voltage and capacitor currents

should read

continuity of inductor current and capacitor voltage

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 9

p. 229: The text neglects to divide the voltage drop across the resistor by the inductance. This causes errors in 1
and 2 at the bottom of the page and in the voltage across the spark plug on the following page. The student should
trace through these errors to obtain the correct solution (-819.2 V). Note that there is also one additional sign error
in the final computation by the text of the initial voltage across the spark plug.

I have not finished correcting this last error. I will have to re-type several equations and re-calculate a lot of things.

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 10

Chapter 6 Frequency Response and System Concepts
p. 254: The equation at the bottom of the page is missing the equal sign between H ( j )and the fraction.

p. 255:

around the frequency of 300 rad/s, the magnitude

should read

around the frequency of 800 rad/s, the magnitude

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 11

Chapter 7 AC Power
p. 280: three lines below Equation 7.1

with phase angle V = 6 ?? and

should read

with phase angle ?? V = 0 and

p. 290: The equation at the bottom of the page:

86.6 + j50 W

should read

86.6 + j50 VA

p. 291: The equation at the bottom of the page:

1,192 j316 W

should read

1,192 j316 VA

p. 293: Example 7.6, Solution, Analysis, part 1

The equation that reads ?? 503 + j839 W

should read

?? 503 + j839 VA

p. 297: The equation at the bottom of the page:

68.4 + j118.6 W

should read

68.4 + j118.6 VA

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 12

p. 302: Example 7.1 Solution, Analysis, middle of the page

where we have selected the positive value of arccos (pf1) because pf1 is lagging and the negative value of arccos
(pf2)

should read

where we have selected the negative value of arccos (pf1) because pf1 is lagging and the positive value of arccos
(pf2)

p. 302: Example 7.1 Solution, Analysis, seven lines above the last equation on the page

where, once again

should read

where, now

p. 303: Section 7.3, introductory paragraph, last line.

discussed in Chapter 14.

should read

discussed in Chapter 13.

p. 304: seven lines below equation 7.32

as explained in Chapter 14.

should read

as explained in Chapter 13.

p. 306: The equation at the end of the example that reads:

7,500 W
I primary = = 1.5625 A
4,800 A

should read:

7, 500 W
???? I primary = = 1.5625 A
4,800 V

p. 306: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

The answer should be: n1 = 6,000

p. 313: Section 7.4, second line of second paragraph.

as will be explained in Chapter 15

should read

as explained in Chapter 14

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 13

p. 316: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

The second answer should be: ?? SL = 69.12 kW + j 207.4 kVA

( ) should be (I )
p. 318: Equation 7.64: Ian
y
a
y

p. 326: Conclusion 2:

(that for which the user is charged)

should be changed to

(that which does work for the user) .

A sentence should be added after this sentence which would read, However, the user is charged for all of the power
supplied by the utility company, both real and reactive.

p. 326: Conclusion 2:

and it can be minimized by

should be replaced by

and the reactive power can minimized by

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 14

Chapter 8 Operational Amplifiers
p. 356: five lines above Figure 8.14

which is discussed in Section 8.6.

should read

which is discussed in Section 8.5.

p. 361: third line from the top

The second amplifier, and inverting

should read

The second amplifier, an inverting

p. 362: twelve lines below Figure 8.18

ranging from 1 to 50

should read

ranging from 1 to 10

p. 363: Practical Op-Amp Design Considerations box, 1.

(see Table 2.1)

should read

(see Table 2.2)

p. 363: Practical Op-Amp Design Considerations box, 1.

inspection of Table 2.1 reveals

should read

inspection of Table 2.2 reveals

p. 363: Practical Op-Amp Design Considerations box, 2.

as explained in Section 8.6.

should read

as explained in Section 8.5.

p. 367: line immediately above Figure 8.22

filter response for frequencies is significantly higher

should read

filter response for frequencies significantly higher

p. 370: The last equation on the page which begins

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 15

 L
= R1 + jL = R1 1+ j = R11+ j
R1 0

should read

L
Z S = R1 + jL = R1 1+ j = R11+ j
R1 0

p. 371: Figure 8.28:

The dashed lines in the two diagrams refer to the circuit in Figure 8.20. The solid lines in the two diagrams refer to
the circuit in Figure 8.27 (Example 8.7).

p. 371: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

for the filter of Example 8.6 at the cutoff

should read

for the filter of Example 8.7 at the cutoff

p. 372:

the analog computer, which is discussed in Section 8.5. Example 8.8 illustrates

should read

the analog computer. Example 8.8 illustrates

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 16

Chapter 9 Semiconductors and Diodes
p. 408: Learning Objectives: 4: Section 9.4. should read Sections 9.4, 9.5.

p. 426: Example 9.5, Solution, Analysis, the equation

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 || R4

should read

RT = R3 + R4 + R1 || R2

p. 433: second line below Figure 9.42

shown in Figure 9.43(a) for the case

should read

shown in Figure 9.43(a,b) for the case

p. 433: third line below Figure 9.42

Figure 9.43(b) depicts

should read

Figure 9.43(c) depicts

p. 433: fourth line below Figure 9.42

waveform of Figure 9.43(b) is not

should read

waveform of Figure 9.43(c) is not

p. 434: Example 9.8, Problem

similar to that in Figure 9.25, is used

should read

similar to that in Figure 9.29, is used

p. 436: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

rectifier of Figure 9.40, assuming

should read

rectifier of Figure 9.41, assuming

p. 442: Example 9.12, Solution, Analysis, the equation:

R || R
... + VZ S L
= ...
rZ || RL + RS

should read

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 17

 R || R
... + VZ S L
= ...
RS || RL + rZ

p. 448: Problem 9.36:

that of Figure 9.25 in the text

should read

that of Figure 9.29 in the text

p. 448: Problem 9.37:

that of Figure 9.25 in the text

should read

that of Figure 9.29 in the text

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 18

Chapter 10 Bipolar Junction Transistors
p. 460: third equation from the top

?? VC = V3 = 8 V

should read

VC = V3 = 4 V

This changes the following equations:

VCC VC 12 8 V VC 12 4
?? I C = = = 4 mA should read " I C = CC = = 8 mA
RC 1,000 RC 1, 000

IC I I I
= = 80 C = = 80 C = = 80 should read "???? C = = 160 "
IB IB IB IB

and VCE = VC VE = 8 1.3 = 6.7 V " should read ??" VCE = VC VE = 4 1.3 = 2.7 V "

to values which now match Figures 10.8 and 10.9.

p. 465: fourth line from top

Thus, the diode operating at a higher temperature

should read

Thus, the transistor operating at a higher temperature

p. 472: Example 10.7, Solution, Analysis/Comments:

VCEQ = 7 V I CQ = 22 mA I BQ = 150 A

should read

?? VCEQ = 6 V I CQ = 25 mA I BQ = 150 A

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 19

This lead to changing

?? PCQ = VCEQ I CQ = 154 mW . to ?? PCQ = VCEQ I CQ = 150 mW

p. 478: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

RC = 1 k, B = 100, and VCC = 14 V.

should read

RC = 1 k, = 100, and VCC = 14 V.

p. 479: Eighth line from top

if both va and vbx are 0. should read if both va and vb are 0.

p. 481: Example 10.10, Solution, Analysis, 2.

that diode D1 is still forward-biased, but diode D2 is now

should read

that diode D2 is still forward-biased, but diode D1 is now

p. 481: Example 10.10, Solution, Analysis, 4.

?? Vout = VCC I C R3 = ... should read Vout = VCEsat = 0.2 V

p. 487: Figure P10.36:

There should be a dot at the intersection of the circuit paths joining R1, R2, Cb, and the transistor to indicate that the
two crossing paths are connected.

p. 487: Figure P10.37:

The transistor figure is incorrectly drawn (the emitter symbol should be shifted to a lower position)

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 20

Chapter 11 Field Effect Transistors
p. 499: Example 11.3, Solution, Analysis

i DQ = K (vGS VT ) = 48.5(2.4 1.4 ) = 48.5 mA

2

should read

?? i DQ = K (vGS VT ) = 48.5 103 (2.4 1.4 ) = 48.5 mA

2

p. 504: Equation 11.11

The second equation of 11.11 is missing a term. However, the whole second equation may be eliminated because it
is duplicated with the missing term present in the first equation of 11.12.

p. 506: 4 lines above Figure 11.14

VDD VB < vG VT so actually

should read

so actually

p. 512: Example 11.8, Solution, Analysis:

vGSQ = 0 V should read vGSQ = 2.5 V

p. 513: Example 11.9, Solution, Analysis

The analysis needs substantial revision,

When an input is off (low voltage), the corresponding NMOS will be off and the corresponding PMOS will be on.
When an input is high, the corresponding NMOS will be on and the corresponding PMOS will be off. Therefore,
the analysis for case 1 (v1 = v2 = 0) should be that M1 and M2 are off that and M3 and M4 are on, as is indicated in
Figure 11.21. This will result in vout = 5 V. The analysis for case 2 (v1 = 5 V and v2 = 0 V) should be that v1 turns
M1 on and M3 off. Since v2 still is 0, M2 remains off and M4 remains on. This will result in vout = 0 V. There is no
figure that corresponds to this configuration shown. The analysis for case 3 (v1 = 0 V and v2 = 5 V) should be that
v1 leaves M1 off and M3 on as it did in case 1. Since v2 is now 5 V, M2 will be on and M4 will be off. This will
result in vout = 0 V. There is no figure that corresponds to this configuration shown. The analysis for case 4 is
correct and corresponds to Figure 11.22(c). Figures 11.22(a) and 11.22(b) can not be created using the inputs
available to Figure 11.20. In the table, when v1 = v2 = 0 V, M3 will be Off; when v1 = 0 V and v2 = 5 V, M4 will be
On. Otherwise, the table is correct.

Note: this will have to be essentially re-written, if the above comments are correct. For now I am moving forward.

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 21

Chapter 12 Digital Logic Circuits
p. 522: Learning Objectives: 7.

Section 12.7

should read

Section 12.6

p. 535: Example 12.3, Solution, Analysis, last line on the page:

Rules 2 and 6

should read

Rules 2, 6, and 14

p. 546: three lines below Figure 12.31

four-variable map of Figure 12.29 are shown in Figure 12.32.

should read

four-variable map of Figure 12.31 are shown in Figure 12.32.

p. 547: The second line of the only equation on the page:

+W X Y Z +W X Y Z + W X Y Z +W X Y Z

should read

+W X Y Z +W X Y Z + W X Y Z +W X Y Z

P. 555: Example 12.19, Problem

Find a minimum product-of-sums realization

should read

Find a minimum sum-of-products realization

p. 556: Example 12.20, Solution, Analysis

By appropriately selecting three of the four dont care entries

should read

By appropriately selecting four of the five dont care entries

p. 564: last line on the page:

whenever the enable input is high, the flip-flop is set.

should read

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 22

 whenever the enable input is high, the flip-flop is set to the value of S

p. 565: Figure 12.64(b):

This is not an error, but the diagram could be improved to provide a more effective explanation: the Preset and Clear
are on for most of the timing diagram. Therefore, the timing of the enable is not effectively shown.

p. 565: Figure 12.64(c):

This is the schematic for a R S quad latch (latch is another name for a flip-flop), rather than the RS latch described
in parts (a) and (b).

p. 569: Example 12.33, Solution, Find:

Output of RS flip-flop

should read

Output of JK flip-flop

p. 574: Example 12.25, Analysis

The analysis section assumes (without explicitly stating) that the Preset and Clear are only effective on a clock
pulse. Although this doesnt correlate to statements earlier in the text, it is correct for many commercially available
latches.

Note: we will need to review earlier statements in the text to find the claimed inconsistency.

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 23

Chapter 13 Principles of Electromechanics
p. 597: line below equation 13.25

In equation 13.24, l represents the length of the coil wire;

should read

In equation 13.24, l represents the length of the core;

p. 604: Figure 13.19:

The length of the gap should be 0.0025 m

p. 605: Example 13.3, Solution, Analysis, 3. Calculation of reluctance

In the calculation of Rgap, the final value should be 2.55 instead of 3.98.

In the calculation of Req, the final value should be 2.57 instead of 4.

In the calculation of , the final value should be 3.92 instead of 2.51.

p. 620: Example 13.9, Solution, Analysis:

The force we must overcome is mg = 98 N.

should read

The force we must overcome is mg = 49 N.

p. 620: Example 13.9, Solution, Analysis:

2
0 A 2x l +l
+ 1 2
2 0 A 0 r A
i 2 = f gravity 2
= 6.510 4 A i = 255 A
N

should read:
2
2x l1 + l 2
0 A +
0 A 0 r A
i 2 = f gravity 2
= 5.2 10 5 A i = 721 A
N

p. 620: Example 13.9, Solution, Analysis:

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 24

 2
0 A l1 + l 2

2 0 r A
i 2 = f gravity = 2.1056 103 A
N2
i = 0.0459 A

should read:

l + l 2
0 A 1 2
0 r A
2
i = f gravity = 4.21 103 A
N2
i = 0.0649 A

p. 622: Example 13.10, Solution, Analysis:

The final answer should be 178 A-turns instead of 56.4 A-turns.

P. 625: Practical facts about solenoids, text next to Figure 13.38

bypassing the resistor through the NC switch, connecting the resistor in series

should read

bypassing the resistor through the NC switch. When the solenoid closes, the NC switch opens, connecting the
resistor in series

p. 625: Figure 13.39 is not correct. Please refer to the following figure:

p. 626. Figure 13.42:

In order to match the example, the gap should be shown as x = 5 cm rather than x = 0.5 cm. If the cm gap is used,
the required current will be approximately 200 mA.

Note that in the example the value x = 0.05 m (5 cm) is used.

p. 630: text to the right of Figure 13.44

The Bli law just illustrated should read The Blu law just illustrated

p. 630: Equation 13.62:

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 25

PM f ext u = Bliu should read PM = f ext u = Bliu

p. 641: Figure P13.41:

The electrical portion of this figure is incorrect. See the correction to Figure 13.39 above.

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 26

Chapter 14 Introduction to Electric Machines
p. 652: Example 14.1, Solution, Analysis

The equation:

1,800 1760
SR% = ... = ...
1,800

should read:

1,800 1760
SR% = ... = ...
1,760

p. 658: Figure 14.11:

N and S are reversed

p. 658: in the paragraph starting with Often

The north and south poles indicated in the figure are a consequence of the fact that the flux exits the bottom part of
the structure (thus, the north pole indicated in the figure) and enters the top half of the structure (thus, the south
pole).

should read

The north and south poles indicated in the figure are a consequence of the fact that the flux exits the top part of the
structure (thus, the north pole indicated in the figure) and enters the bottom half of the structure (thus, the south
pole).

p. 679: Example 14.9, Solution, Analysis:

d (t )
KT ,PM I a (t ) + J + b (t ) = T load (t )
dt

should read:

d (t )
KT ,PM I a (t ) + J + b (t ) = T load (t )
dt

p. 679: The equation:

KT ,PM I a (s) + (sJ + b)(s) = T load (s)

should read:

KT ,PM I a (s) + (sJ + b)(s) = T load (s)

p. 679: The equation:

sLa + Ra K a,PM I a (s) VL (s)

=
KT ,PM sJ + b m (s) T load (s)

should read:

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 27

 sLa + Ra K a,PM I a (s) VL (s)
=
KT ,PM sJ + b m (s) T load (s)

p. 679: The equation:

sL + Ra VL (s)
det a
KT ,PM T load (s)
m (s) =
sLa + Ra K a,PM
det
KT ,PM sJ + b

should read:

sL + Ra VL (s)
det a
KT ,PM T load (s)
m (s) =
sLa + Ra K a,PM
det
KT ,PM sJ + b

p. 680: the equation at the top of the page should have a minus sign in front of Tload(s).

p. 695: Example 14.14, Problem

Figures 14.39 to 14.41. should read Figures 14.38 to 14.40.

Rev. 1, August 31, 2008 28