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Basic Algebra Lecture Notes - Chapter 1

The document is a chapter from a textbook on basic algebra. It covers fundamental algebraic concepts including algebraic expressions, basic algebraic manipulations, fractions, linear equations, inequalities, and linear inequalities. Examples are provided for working with algebraic expressions, simplifying and expanding expressions, solving linear equations and inequalities, and finding numbers that satisfy multiple inequalities simultaneously.

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Jálólíddín Rústámóv
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1K views10 pages

Basic Algebra Lecture Notes - Chapter 1

The document is a chapter from a textbook on basic algebra. It covers fundamental algebraic concepts including algebraic expressions, basic algebraic manipulations, fractions, linear equations, inequalities, and linear inequalities. Examples are provided for working with algebraic expressions, simplifying and expanding expressions, solving linear equations and inequalities, and finding numbers that satisfy multiple inequalities simultaneously.

Uploaded by

Jálólíddín Rústámóv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions

Examples of algebraic expressions:


5 p2 8 p 3 p2 3 algebraic expression with 1
variable
24 6 y 9 x algebraic expression with 2
variables
xa 2 xb ya 2 yb algebraic expression with 4
variables

Basic Algebraic Manipulations Revision

ab ba ab ba
(a b) c a (b c ) (ab)c a (bc)
a(b c) ab ac (a b)c ac bc
(a b)(c d ) ac ad bc bd
(a b) 2 a 2 2ab b 2 (a b) 2 a 2 2ab b 2
a 2 b 2 (a b)(a b)

Example 1:
Simplify the following:
(a) 12 x 3 y 4 x (b) 2cd 2 5cd 2 6d 2 c 4c 2 d

1
AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

Example 2:
Expand the following and simplify where possible:
(a) 5 x ( x 7) (b) (3x 2)(5 x 3) (c) (2 x 3)3
(d) 14( x 3) 5( x 9) (e) 3x( x 2 4 x 2) 3( x 2 5 x)

Example 3:
Factorise the following:
(a) 12 x 2 8 xy (b) x 2 2 x 24 (c) 2 x 2 x 6
(d) 4 x 3 9 x (e) 3a 6 xa 2 x (f) 16 x 2 49 y 2

2
AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

Fractional Expressions
Numerator
General form of fractional expression:
Algebraic Expression 1
Fractional expression =
Algebraic Expression 2

Denominator
Example 4:
(a) Divide 2 x 3 11x 6 by x 2
(b) Divide 6 x 4 14 x 3 9 x 2 7 x 3 by 2 x 2 1

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AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

Example 5:
Find the remainder when:
(a) x 2 3x is divided by x 2 x 12

(b) 2 x 5 x 4 11x 3 15 x 5 is divided by 2 x 5

4
AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

Example 6:
Express as single fractions:
1 2 1 2 2x 6 1
(a) (b) (c) 2
2 x3 ( x 3) 2 x 3 7 x 9

5x 2 x 2 3 x
(d) (e) 2
x2 6 x 7 x2 1 x 4 x x 16

5
AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

Linear Equation

A linear equation in x is one which can be expressed in the


form ax b 0 where a and b are constants. For example,
each of the following equations can be rearranged into the
form ax b 0 :
x
x49 3( x 2) 7 x 1 7 4( x 2)
3
Whatever is done to the left-hand side (LHS) of an
equation must be done to the right-hand side (RHS).
Example 7:
Solve the following equations:
(a) 3 x 7 x 3 (b) 4( x 1) 3( x 5) 17

x 5 3x 11 2 3 6 x 1 3x 2
(c) (d) (e)
2 5 x 1 5 2x 5 x 1

6
AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

x 7 4 x 19 1 1
(f) 2x (g) (5 x 4) ( x 2) 13 x
3 5 3 7

Inequality

Inequality Notation
means greater than
means greater than or equal to
means less than
means less than or equal to

Inequality Rules
For a , b and c R ,
If a b , then a c b c
If a b , then a c b c
If a b and c 0 , then ca cb
If a b and c 0 , then ca cb
a b
If a b and c 0 , then
c c
a b
If a b and c 0 , then
c c

Linear Inequality

Can take any form of


ax b 0 , ax b 0 , ax b 0 or ax b 0
where a and b are constants.

7
AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

Example 8:
Simplify the following inequalities:
(a) 3 x 7 x 2 (b) 4(3x 1) 3( x 2) 3x 1

(c) 3 x 7 5 x 3 (d) 5(2 x) 2(3 6 x) 2( x 1) 0

(e) 5 2 x 3 7 (f) 9 3 2x 1

Example 9:

8
AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

Find the smallest positive integer which satisfies the


inequality
3( x 1) 2(2 x 1) 5 x

Example 10:
Find the set of integers which satisfy simultaneously both of
the following inequalities:
1 1
(5 x 3) ( x 1) and 4(1 x ) 7 5 x
2 5

Example 11:
Show that there is just one number which simultaneously
satisfies these three inequalities and find that number.

9
AAMS1193: Basic Chapter 1: Fundamentals
Algebra

1 1
( x 1) 1 2 3x 7 4 x x 1
2 3

10

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