Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 1

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOM

STRUKTUR ATOM

1 (a) What is meant by matter?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jirim?

[1 mark]

(b) Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of particles in a substance.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah suatu unsur.

Diagram / Rajah 1

(i) What is the physical state of this material?

Apakah keadaan fizik bagi bahan ini?

......
[1 mark]

(ii) Describe the characteristic of solid, liquid and gas.

Complete the table below.
Huraikan ciri-ciri bagi pepejal, cecair dan gas.
Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.

State of matter Solid liquid Gas

Keadaan jirim Pepejal Cecair Gas
Draw the
arrangement of
particles
Lukiskan susunan
zarah-zarah

Arrangement of Particles are Particles are arranged Particles

particles arranged .................... closely but are ..............................
Susunan zarah and in orderly manner. not .............................. .....
Zarah tersusun sangat ...... Zarah terletak
......................... dan Zarah tersusun padat
teratur. tetapi ...................................

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 2

tidak ...........................
.......

Movement of Particles vibrate at a Particles ..................... Particles vibrate,

particles fixed position. , rotate and move rotate and
Pergerakan zarah- Zarah bergetar pada freely. move ..........................
zarah kedudukan yang Zarah ......................... ..
tetap. , berputar dan Zarah bergetar,
bergerak bebas. berputar dan bergerak
............................
Attractive forces Forces of attraction Forces of attraction Forces of attraction
between the between particles are are .............................. are very weak.
particles very strong. ......
Daya tarikan Daya tarikan antara Daya tarikan yang
antara zarah zarah-zarah sangat Daya tarikan yang sangat lemah.
kuat. ...................................
Energy content Very low. Very high.
Kandungan tenaga Sangat rendah. .............................. Sangat tinggi.

[10 marks]

(c) Table below shows five substances and its formula.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan lima bahan dan formula masing-masing.

Substance
Formula
Bahan
Sodium
Natrium
Na
Water
Air
H2O
Oxygen
Oksigen
O2
Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida
NaCl
Ammonia
Ammonia
NH3

Classify the substances into atom, ion and molecule.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan di atas kepada atom, ion dan molekul.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 3

[3 marks]

2 Diagram 2 shows the inter-conversion of the three states of matter of substance X

Rajah 2 menunjukkan perubahan tiga keadaan jirim bagi bahan X.

Melting / Boiling /
Peleburan Pendidihan

Freezing / Process Q
Pembekuan / Proses Q
Solid / Pepejal Liquid / Cecair ....................

Diagram / Rajah 2

(a) Name the Process Q.

Namakan proses Q.

[1 mark]

(b) What type of particle is found in water ?

Apakah jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam air?

[1 mark]

(c) What is the physical state for X after Q process.

Apakah keadaan fizikal X selepas proses Q.

[1 mark]

(d) Under the room temperature, at what temperature is the boiling point of water?
Di bawah suhu bilik, pada suhu berapakah takat didih bagi air?

..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(e) When solid X changes to liquid X, state the changes in:

Apabila pepejal X berubah kepada cecair X, nyatakan perubahan bagi:

(i) The energy of the particles

Tenaga zarah-zarah

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 4

........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) The forces of attraction between the particles.

Daya tarikan antara zarah-zarah itu.

.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(f) When heating, what happen to the particles?

Apakah yang berlaku kepada zarah apabila dipanaskan?

................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

3 Diagram 3 shows the results of an experiment to investigate the movement of solid

potassium manganate (VII) in solid. The purple colour of solid potassium manganate
(VII), KMnO4 spreads slowly throughout the gel after two hours.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan keputusan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pergerakan

zarah-zarah kalium manganat (VII) di dalam pepejal. Warna ungu pepejal kalium
manganat (VII), KMnO4 tersebar sangat perlahan ke seluruh bahagian gel selepas dua
jam.

Solid potassium
manganate (VII)
Pepejal kalium
manganat (VII)

Gel Gel
After two hours/
Selepas dua jam

Diagram / Rajah 3

(a) State the name of the process involved in this experiment

Nyatakan nama proses yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini

.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) The smell of durian spreads very rapidly in a room.

Explain the situation based on the kinetic theory of matter.
Bau durian tersebar dengan sangat cepat di dalam sebuah bilik.
Terangkan pemerhatian anda berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim.

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 5

[3 marks]

(c) Table 3 shows proton number and the number of neutrons for atom P, Q, R and S.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan nombor proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom P, Q, R
dan S.

Proton number / Number of neutrons /

Atom
Nombor proton Bilangan neutron
P 3 4
Q 16 17
R 16 16
S 19 20
Table / Jadual 3

(i) State the nucleon number of atom P.

Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi atom P.

................
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the symbol of atom Q in the form of A

Tuliskan simbol bagi atom Q dalam bentuk Z
X

[1 mark]

(iv) Which atoms have the same number of valence electrons?

Atom manakah mempunyai bilangan elektron valens yang sama?

................
[1 mark]

(v) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why.

Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop? Terangkan mengapa.

................

................
[2 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 6

CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

FORMULA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA

4 (a) Calculate the number of mole for the following substances:

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : O = 16 ; Na = 23 ; Cl = 35.5 ]

(i) 11.5 g of sodium / natrium

[1 mark]

(ii) 58.5 g of sodium chloride / natrium klorida

[1 mark]

(iii) 8 g of oxygen gas/gas oksigen

[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the mass for the following substances :

Hitungkan jisim bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; O = 16 ; S = 32 ; Cl = 35.5 ]
[Avogadros number ; NA = 6.02 1023 ]

(i) 2 mol of sulphur dioxide gas/gas sulfur dioksida, SO2.

[1 mark]

(ii) 2.5 mol of water/air, H2O.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 7

[1 mark]

(iii) 2.25 mol of chlorine gas/gas klorin,Cl2.

[1 mark]

(c) Calculate the number of atoms for the following substances :

Hitung bilangan atom bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ]
[Avogadros number ; NA = 6.02 1023 ]

(i) 2 mol of aluminium

[1 mark]

(ii) 3 mol of magnesium

[1 mark]

(iii) 2 g of hydrogen gas/gas hidrogen

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 8

[2 marks]

(d) Calculate the number of molecules for the following substances :

Hitungkan bilangan molekul bagi bahan-bahan berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; O = 16 ; C = 12 ]
[ Avogadros number ; NA = 6.02 1023 ]

(i) 3 mol of nitrogen dioxide gas/gas nitrogen dioksida.

[1 mark]
(ii) 32 g of oxygen gas/gas oksigen, O2

[2 marks]

(iii) 64 g of methane gas/gas metana, CH4

[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 9

5 (a) Table 5.1 shows formula of several ions.

Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan formula bagi beberapa ion.

Ion name Silver ion Zinc ion Nitrate ion Chloride ion
Nama ion ion argentum ion zink ion nitrat ion klorida

Formula of ion
Formula ion Ag+ Zn2+ NO3- Cl-

Table / Jadual 5.1

Write the formula for zinc chloride and zinc nitrate.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi zink klorida dan zink nitrat.

Zinc chloride
zink klorida : ..............................

Zinc nitrate
zink nitrat : ......................................
[2 marks]

(b) When silver nitrate solution is added to zinc chloride solution, a white precipitate
silver chloride and zinc nitrate solution produced.
Apabila larutan argentum nitrat ditambahkan kepada larutan zink klorida,
mendakan putih argentum klorida dan larutan zink nitrat terhasil.

(i) Name the reactants.

Namakan bahan-bahan tindak balas.

..............................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the products.
Namakan hasil-hasil tindak balas.

..............................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction take place.
Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

..............................................................................................................
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 10

(c) Silver nitrate decomposed when it is strongly heated according to equation

below:
Argentum nitrat terurai apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat mengikut persamaan di
bawah :

2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2

(i) When 1 mol of silver nitrate is heated, calculate number of mole of silver
and number of mole of oxygen gas produced.
Jika 1 mol argentum nitrat dipanaskan, hitungkan bilangan mol argentum
dan bilangan mol gas oksigen yang terhasil.

[2 marks]

(ii) In an experiment, a student heated 85 g of silver nitrate.

Calculate number of mole of silver nitrate and volume of nitrogen dioxide
released at room condition.
[Relative atomic mass: N, 14 ; O, 16 ; Ag, 108]
[1 mol of gas occupies 24.0 dm3 at room condition]

Dalam satu eksperimen, seorang pelajar telah memanaskan 85 g

argentum nitrat.
Hitungkan bilangan mol argentum nitrat dan isipadu gas nitrogen dioksida
yang terbebas pada keadaan bilik
[Jisim atom relatif : N, 14 ; O, 16 ; Ag, 108]
[1 mol gas menempati 24.0 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 11

[3 marks]

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR

6 Diagram 6 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Diagram / Rajah 6

Based on Diagram 6, answer the following questions:

Berdasarkan Rajah 6, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

(a) What is name of the element represented by the following symbol?

Apakah nama bagi unsur yang diwakili oleh simbol berikut?

Symbol Name
Simbol Nama
H
He
O
Mg
Al
Fe
[3 marks]

(b) State the position of the following elements in the periodic table :
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur-unsur berikut dalam jadual berkala :

Element Group Period

Unsur Kumpulan Kala

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 12

O
Mg
Al
[3 marks]

(c) Based on your answer in (b), write the electron arrangement for the atom of the
following elements:
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b), tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur-
unsur berikut:

Symbol of the element Electron arrangement of atom

Simbol unsur Susunan elektron bagi atom
O
Mg
Al
[3 marks]

(d) Classify all the elements in Diagram 4 into metal and non-metal.
Kelaskan semua unsur dalam Rajah 4 kepada logam dan bukan logam.

Metal Non-metal
Logam Bukan logam

[2 marks]

(e) (i) State the transition element in Diagram 6.

Nyatakan unsur peralihan dalam Rajah 6.

(ii) State one specific characteristic of the transition element.

Nyatakan satu sifat istimewa bagi logam peralihan tersebut.

.
[1 mark]

(f) Which element exists as monoatomic? Explain why.

Manakah unsur yang wujud sebagai monoatom? Terangkan mengapa

...

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 13

...
[2 marks]

7 Table 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of lithium, oxygen and sodium atoms.
Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom litium, oksigen dan natrium.

Element Symbol Electron arrangement

Lithium
Li 2.1
Litium
Sodium
Na 2.8.1
Natrium
Chlorine
Cl 2.8.7
Klorin

Table / Jadual 7.1

(a) Based on the information in Table 7.1;

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 7.1;

(i) Identify one metal and one non-metal element.

Kenal pasti satu unsur logam dan satu unsur bukan logam. [2 marks]

(ii) State the group and period of chlorine in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi klorin dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 14

(b) Table 7.2 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the reactions between lithium
and sodium with chlorine gas.
Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat tindak balas antara
litium dan natrium dengan gas klorin.

Apparatus set-up Observation

Lithium burns slowly with a red flame.

A white fume is produced.

Litium terbakar perlahan-lahan dengan

Gas jar spoon nyalaan merah.
Sudu balang gas Wasap putih terhasil.
Gas jar
Balang gas

Lithium
Litium Chlorine gas Lithium burns brightly with a yellow flame.
Gas klorin
A white fume is produced.

Litium terbakar terang dengan nyalaan

Gas jar spoon kuning.
Sudu balang gas Wasap putih terhasil.
Gas jar
Balang gas

Sodium Table /gas

Jadual 7.2
Natrium Chlorine
Gas klorin

(i) Complete the chemical equation below that shows the reaction
between lithium and chlorine gas.
Lengkapkan persamaan kimia di bawah yang menunjukkan tindak
balas antara litium dengan gas klorin.

..... Li + Cl2 ..... LiCl

[1 mark]

(ii) Compare the reactivity of lithium and sodium when react with chlorine.
Explain your answer.
Bandingkan kereaktifan antara litium dan natrium apabila bertindak
balas dengan klorin. Terangkan jawapan anda.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 15

[4 marks]

CHEMICAL BOND
IKATAN KIMIA

8 Diagram 8 shows the position of element X and Y in The Periodic Table.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan kedudukan unsur X dan Y dalam Jadual Berkala.

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

X Y
Diagram / Rajah 8

Element X and element Y can form a compound with formula of XY. Compound XY can
conduct electricity in molten or aqueous form.
Unsur X dan unsur Y boleh membentuk sebatian berformula XY. Sebatian XY boleh
mengkonduksi elektrik dalam keadaan lebur atau akueus.

(a) Write the electron arrangement of X atom.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

....
[1 mark]

(b) State the formula of ion formed from element Y.

Nyatakan formula bagi ion yang terbentuk dari unsur Y.

....
[1 mark]

(c) Draw the diagram of electron arrangement for compound XY

Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan elektron bagi sebatian XY.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 16

[2 marks]

(d) State why compound XY can conduct electricity in molten and aqueous only.
Nyatakan mengapa sebatian XY boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan
lebur dan akeous sahaja.

....
[1 mark]

(e) (i) State another physical properties of compound XY

Nyatakan satu sifat fizikal lain bagi sebatian XY.

.
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (e) (i).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (e) (i).

.
[2 marks]

9 Table 9 show the proton number for element X and Y.

Jadual 9 menunjukkan nombor atom bagi unsur X dan Y

Element Proton number

X 19

Y 11

Table / Jadual 9

Element X and Y react with oxygen. The reactivity of reaction between X and oxygen is
higher than the reactivity of reaction between Y and oxygen.
Unsur X dan Y bertindak balas dengan oxygen. Kereaktifan tindak balas unsur X
dengan oksigen adalah lebih tinggi daripada kereaktifan tindak balas unsur Y dengan
oksigen.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 17

Draw a diagram of electron arrangement for the compound form from reaction between
element Y and oxygen. Lukiskan gambar rajah bagi susunan elektron bagi sebatian
yang terbentuk antara unsur Y dan oksigen.
[Proton number of oxygen is 8 // Nombor proton oksigen adalah 8]
[2 marks]

10 Diagram 10 shows the electron arrangement of compound L formed when oxygen

reacts with carbon.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan electron bagi sebatian L yang terbentuk apabila
oksigen bertindak balas dengan karbon.

x
x x
O x C x O
x

Compound / Sebatian L
Diagram / Rajah 10

(a) (i) State the type of bond in compound L.

Nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam sebatian L.

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical formula for compound L.

Tulis formula kimia bagi sebatian L.

[2 marks]

(b) Oxygen can also react with sodium to form another compound with formula Na2O.
Oksigen juga boleh bertindak balas dengan natrium untuk membentuk sebatian
lain dengan formula Na2O.

(i) Compare the melting point of compound Na2O with melting point of
compound L in Diagram 3.
Bandingkan takat lebur bagi sebatian Na2O dengan takat lebur sebatian L
di Rajah 10.

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in 3(b)(i)

Terangkan jawapan anda di 3(b)(i)

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 18

[2 marks]

11 Table 11 shows electron arrangement for element W, X and Y.

Element Electron arrangement

W
2.6
X
2.8.2
Y
2.8.7

Table / Jadual 11

Explain using the electron arrangement how the chemical bond is formed between:
Terangkan dari segi susunan elektron bagaimana ikatan kimia terbentuk antara:

(a) W and W / W dan W

[5 marks]

(b) X and Y / X dan Y

[8 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 19

ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ELEKTROKIMIA

12 The diagram 12 shows list of the substances. The substances can be classified into
electrolyte and non-electrolyte.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan senarai bahan-bahan. Bahan-bahan tersebut boleh dikelaskan
kepada elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit.

Hydrochloric acid, HCl Molten lead

Asid hidroklorik , HCl. Leburan plumbum

Solid sodium chloride, NaCl Molten lead(II) bromide,PbBr2

Pepejal natrium klorida , NaCl Leburan plumbum(II) bromide, PbBr2

Molten sodium chloride, NaCl Sodium chloride, NaCl solution

Leburan natrium klorida, NaCl Larutan natrium klorida , NaCl.

Naphthalene, C10H8 Asetamide

Naftalena Asetamida

Diagram / Rajah 12

(a) What is meant by electrolyte?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektrolit?

[1 mark]

(b) Explain why a sugar solution does not conduct electricity while a common salt
solution conducts electricity.
Terangkan mengapa larutan gula tidak dapat mengalirkan elektrik manakala
larutan garam biasa dapat mengalirkan elektrik.

[2 marks]

(c) Classify the substances above into electrolytes and non-electrolytes.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan di atas kepada elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit.

Electrolytes / Elektrolit Non-electrolytes / Bukan elektrolit

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 20

[2 marks]

(d) Lead(II) bromide

Plumbum(II) bromida
Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida

(i) Based on the above compounds listed, state the name of particles in the
compounds.
Berdasarkan sebatian yang disenaraikan di atas , nyatakan nama bagi
zarah dalam sebatian itu.

Lead(II) bromide :
Plumbum(II)bromida

Sodium chloride :
Natrium klorida
[2 marks]

(ii) Why does lead(II) bromide in the solid state cannot conduct electricity but
can conduct electricity in molten state ?
Mengapakah plumbum(II) bromida dalam keadaan pepejal tidak boleh
mengkonduksikan elektrik tetapi boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam
keadaan leburan?

.....

.
[2 marks]

(iii) Complete the equations in the table below to show melting process for each
of the substances.
Lengkapkan persamaan dalam jadual di bawah untuk menunjukkan proses
peleburan bagi setiap bahan itu.

Compound Equation
Sebatian Persamaan
Lead(II) bromide
Plumbum(II)bromida PbBr2(s) ...........() + ...........( )

Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida. .............(s) Na+( ) + Cl- ()

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 21

[ 2 marks]

ACID AND BASES

ASID DAN BES

13 Hydrochloric acid ia a strong acid. Table13 shows two solutions of hydrochloric acid, P
and Q, of different concentrations.
Asid hidroklorik ialah asid kuat. Jadual 13 menunjukkan dua larutan asid hidroklorik,
P dan Q, dengan kepekatan yang berlainan.

Hydrochloric acid solution Concentration ( mol dm-3 )

Larutan asid hidroklorik Kepekatan ( mol dm-3 )
P 0.100

Q 0.001

Table / Jadual 13

(a) State the meaning of an acid.

Nyatakan maksud asid.

...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Why hydrochloric acid is a strong acid?

Mengapakah asid hidroklorik ialah asid kuat?

...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c) Solutions P and Q have different pH values.

Larutan P dan Q mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.

(i) Which solution gives a lower pH value?

Larutan yang manakah memberikan nilai pH yang lebih rendah?

........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in (c) (i).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di (c) (i).

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 22

....................................................................................................................
...
[1 mark]

14 (a) Table 14.1 shows the ionisation and the colour of phenolphthalein of the solution
P, Q and R.
Jadual 14.1 menunjukkan pengionan dan warna larutan fenolftalein bagi larutan
P, Q dan R.

Solution Ionisation Colour of phenolphthalein in the solution

Larutan Pengionan Warna fenolftalein dalam larutan itu
Ionises completely Colourless
P
Mengion lengkap Tanpa warna

Ionises partially Colourless

Q
Mengion separa Tanpa warna

Ionises completely Pink

R
Mengion lengkap Merah jambu

Table / Jadual 14.1

(i) Which solution has the lowest pH value?

Larutan manakah yang mempunyai nilai pH paling rendah?

...........
[1 mark]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (a) (i).

...........
[1 mark]

(iii) Solution P, Q and R might be acid or alkali. Classify the solutions into acid or
alkali.
Larutan P, Q dan R mungkin asid atau alkali. Kelaskan larutan itu kepada
asid atau alkali.

Acid / asid : ...........

Alkali / alkali : ..........

[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 23

(b) Diagram 14.2 shows the observations in test tube I and test tube II when
hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane and hydrogen chloride in solvent X are
reacted with zinc.
Rajah 14.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan tabung uji II apabila
hidrogen klorida dalam tetraklorometana dan hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X
bertindak balas dengan zink.

Test tube
I II
Tabung uji

Zinc
Zinc Zink
Apparatus Zink
set-up
Susunan
radas

Hydrogen chloride in solvent X

Hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane
Hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X
Hidrogen klorida dalam tetraklorometana

Observation No change Bubbles of gas are produced

Pemerhatian Tiada perubahan Gelembung gas terbebas

Diagram / Rajah 14.2

(i) State the name of solvent X.

Nyatakan nama pelarut X.

...........
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the formula of ion that causes an acid shows its acidic properties.
Tuliskan formula ion yang menyebabkan asid menunjukkan sifat asid.

...........
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 24

(iii) Explain the differences in observation in test tube I and II.

Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan II.

...........

...........

...........
[2 marks]

(c) Vinegar consists of an ethanoic acid. Describe briefly a chemical test to verify the
acid without using an indicator.
Cuka mengandungi asid etanoik. Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk
mengenal pasti asid tanpa menggunakan penunjuk.

.............

.............

.............
[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 25

SALTS
GARAM

15 (a) What is the meaning of salt?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan garam?

...............

...............
[1 mark]

(b) Complete the table below:

Lengkapkan jadual di bawah:

Type of salt Colour in solid state Colour in aqueous solution

Jenis garam Warna dalam keadaan pepejal Warna dalam larutan akues
Sodium carbonate Colourless
Natrium karbonat Tidak berwarna
Copper(II) nitrate Blue
Kuprum(II) nitrat Biru .
[2 marks]

16 Table 16 shows the positive and negative ions in three salt solutions.
Jadual 16 menunjukkan ion-ion positif dan negatif di dalam tiga larutan garam.

Name of salt Positive ion Negative ion

Nama garam Ion positif Ion negatif
Potassium chloride
K+ Cl-
Kalium kloride
Iron(II) sulphate
Fe2+ SO42-
Ferum(II) sulfat
Silver nitrate
Ag+ NO3-
Argentum nitrat

Table / Jadual 16

Use the information in Table 16 to answer the following questions:

Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 16 untuk menjawab soalan-soalan berikut:

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 26

(a) State the name of ions in iron(II) sulphate solution.

Nyatakan nama ion-ion dalam larutan ferum(II) sulfat.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Write the chemical formula for:

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi:

(i) Potassium chloride

Kalium klorida : ....................................

(ii) Silver nitrate

Argentum nitrat : ....................................
[2 marks]

(c) When 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution is added to excess
silver nitrate solution, a white precipitate is formed.
Apabila 50 cm3 larutan kalium klorida 1.0 mol dm-3 dicampurkan kepada larutan
argentum nitrat berlebihan, satu mendakan putih terbentuk.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

.........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(ii) Describe the chemical equation in (c) (i) quantitatively.

Perihalkan persamaan kimia dalam (c) (i) secara kuantitatif.

.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) State the name of the white precipitate.

Nyatakan nama mendakan putih itu.

.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iv) Calculate the number of mole of potassium chloride in the solution.

MV
[Use the formula : Number of mole = ]
1000
Hitungkan bilangan mol kalium klorida dalam larutan itu.
MV
[Gunakan rumus : Bilangan mole = ]
1000

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 27

[1 mark]
(v) Calculate the mass of precipitate formed.
Given that the relative atomic mass of Ag=108, Cl=35.5
[Use the formula: Mass = Number of mole Molar mass]
Hitungkan jisim mendakan yang terbentuk.
Diberi jisim atom relatif Ag=108, Cl=35.5.
[Gunakan rumus : Jisim =Bilangan mol Jisim molar]

[2 marks]

17 Table 17 shows four types of salts.

Jadual 17 menunjukkan empat jenis garam.

Sodium carbonate Lead(II) chloride

Natrium karbonat Plumbum(II) klorida
Zinc nitrate Copper(II) sulphate
Zink nitrat Kuprum(II) sulfat
Table / Jadual 17

With reference to the salts given above, answer the following question :
Dengan merujuk kepada garam-garam di atas, jawab soalan berikut :

(a) Write the chemical formula of sodium carbonate.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi natrium karbonat.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) State the name the salt which is insoluble in water.

Nyatakan namakan garam yang tidak larut dalam air.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 28

(c) (i) What is observed when zinc nitrate salt is heated.

Apakah yang diperhatikan apabila zink nitrat dipanaskan.

.........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan tindak balas itu.

.........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d) State the type of reaction in the preparation of lead(II) chloride salt.
Nyatakan jenis tindak balas dalam penyediaan garam plumbum(II) klorida.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(e) State two uses of salt in daily life.

Nyatakan dua kegunaan garam dalam kehidupan harian.

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

18 The following are three examples of sulphate salts that can be prepared in the
laboratory.

Berikut adalah contoh-contoh garam sulfat yang boleh disediakan di dalam makmal.

Sodium sulphate, Na2SO4

Natrium sulfat, Na2SO4
Barium sulphate, BaSO4
Barium sulfat, BaSO4
Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4
Kuprum(II) sulfat, CuSO4

(a) From these examples, identify the soluble and insoluble salts.
Dari contoh-contoh tersebut, kenalpasti garam larut dan garam tak larut.
[2 marks]

(b) State the reactants for the preparation of the insoluble salt in (a).
Nyatakan bahan-bahan tindak balas bagi penyediaan garam tak larut di (a).
[2 marks]

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Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 29

19 Diagram 19 shows the reactions involved in the preparation of soluble salts.

Rajah 19 menunjukkan tindak balas-tindak balas dalam penyediaan garam larut.

Sodium salts /
Garam natrium
Potassium salts / Asid + alkali salt + water
Garam kalium Asid + alkali garam + air
Ammonium salt /
Garam ammonium

Soluble salts /
Garam larut Reaction / Tindak balas X

Other salts / Reaction / Tindak balas Y

Garam lain

Reaction / Tindak balas Z

Diagram / Rajah 19

(a) Sodium, potassium and ammonium salts can be prepared using reaction between
acid and alkali. State the reaction X, Y and Z.
Garam natrium, kalium dan ammonium dapat disediakan melalui tindak balas
antara asid dan alkali. Nyatakan tindak balas X, Y dan Z.
[3 marks]

(b) By choosing one of the reactions in (a) (i), suggest example of reactants used
and products formed.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction based on your suggestion.
Dengan memilih satu daripada tindak balas dalam (a) (i), cadangkan contoh
bahan- bahan tindak balas yang digunakan dan hasil-hasil tindak balas yang
terbentuk.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas berdasarkan cadangan anda itu.
[3 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

 Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 30

MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

BAHAN BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI

20 Diagram 20 shows the flow chart for the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid.
Rajah 20 menunjukkan carta alir dalam industri pembuatan asid sulfurik.

Catalyst /
Mangkin X Concentrated H2SO4 /
SO H2SO4 pekat
2 SO
Sulphur /
sulfur 3 Stage / Peringkat III
Oxygen /
oksigen H2 Oleum / Oleum
Stage / Peringkat I Stage / Peringkat II
O

Stage/Peringkat IV H2SO4

Diagram / Rajah 20

(a) Name the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid.

Namakan proses pembuatan asid sulfurik.

[1 mark]

(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place at Stage II.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada Peringkat II.

[2 marks]

(c) Name catalyst X in Stage II.

Namakan mangkin X dalam Peringkat II.

[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 31

(d) Write the chemical formula of oleum.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi oleum.

[1 mark]

(e) State a uses of sulphuric acid.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan asid sulfurik.

[1 mark]

21 (a) Diagram 21 shows an Industrial preparation of sulphuric acid by the Contact

Process.
Rajah 21 menunjukkan penyediaan secara Industri bagi asid sulfurik melalui
Proses Sentuh.

Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Peringkat I Peringkat II Peringkat IIIPeringkat IV
SO3 H2S2O7 H2SO4
Oxygen Oxygen concentrated water
Oksigen Oksigen sulphuric acid Air
Asid sulfurik pekat

Diagram / Rajah 21

Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Stage I, II, III and IV.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas dalam Peringkat I, II, III dan IV.
[8 marks]

RATE OF REACTION
KADAR TINDAK BALAS

22 AnVolume
experiment is carried
of gas / cm3 out to investigate the rate of reaction of excess zinc with
3
50 Isipadu
cm of hydrochloric
gas / cm3 acid. The volume of gas collected at regular intervals is shown in
Diagram 22.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink berlebihan
dengan 50 cm3asid hidroklorik. Isipadu gas yang terkumpul pada sela masa yang
sama ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 22.

30

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Time / min
Masa / min
1 2 3 4 5 6
Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 32

Diagram / Rajah 22
(a) State the meaning of the rate of reaction.
Nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas.

......
[1 mark]

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in this experiment.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.

...
[2 marks]
(c) From the graph in Diagram 22, determine:
Daripada graf dalam Rajah 22, tentukan:

(i) The concentration of hydrochloric acid used.

[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
Kepekatan asid hidroklorik yang digunakan.
[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3pada keadaan bilik]

[3 marks]

(ii) The average rate of reaction.

Kadar tindak balas purata.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 33

[1 mark]

(d) Based on collision theory, explain why does the rate of reaction decrease with
time.
Berdasarkan teori perlanggaran, terangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas
berkurangan dengan masa.

..........

..........

..........

..........
[3 marks]

(e) The experiment is repeated by using sulphuric acid with the same volume and
concentration as the hydrochloric acid.
Sketch an expected curve to be obtained on Diagram 22.
Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik yang mempunyai
isipadu dan kepekatan yang sama dengan asid hidroklorik.
Lakarkan satu lengkungan yang dijangka dapat diperolehi pada Rajah 22.
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 1 BK2-Intervensi Aras Rendah 34

END OF MODULE

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM