K Sriharsha, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2012]

MONITORING THE PADDY CROP FIELD USING ZIGBEE

NETWORK
K. Sriharsha T.V. Janardhana Rao A.Pravin K. Rajasekhar
PG Student, Professor, Associate Professor Associate Professor,
Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE
BVC Engg. College BVC Engg. College BVC Engg. College BVC Engg. College
Odalarevu, INDIA Odalarevu, INDIA Odalarevu,,INDIA Odalarevu, INDIA
sriharsha423@gmail.com dean.admissions@bvcgroup.in akula.pravin@gmail.com kusuma_rajashekar@gmail.com

Abstract- Sensors are the hopeful device for requires no real maintenance. Selecting the
precision agriculture. By forming wireless sensor optimum sensors and wireless communications link
network we can make good monitoring system requires knowledge of the application and problem
in the paddy crop field area. This paper definition. Battery life, sensor update rates, and size
proposed idea about monitoring the crop field are all major design considerations. Examples of
area without man power.In this paper we have low data rate sensors include temperature, humidity
detailed about how to utilize the sensors in and peak strain captured passively.
paddy crop field area and explained about A WSN (wireless sensor network) generally
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Zigbee consists of base station (or) gateway that can
technology, Protocol stack of zigbee. The communicate with a number of wireless sensors via
fundamental concept of this paper is to provide a radio link. power unit produces the power.Data
a highly enabled monitoring of paddy crop Processing unit have the microcontroller,which is
field. This paper is focus on the sensing and the fully responsible to get sesned data and transmit
monitoring the Temperature, humidity and over the another network. The micro controller
water level of the paddy crop field and gives performs tasks, processes data and controls the
various sensing analyzes in the paddy crop functionality of other components in the sensor
field. node. Sensing unit has the sensors and analog to
digital converter (ADC) to convert analog sensed
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Zigbee, signal to digital signal.
Crop Field Monitoring.

I. INTRODUCTION
WSN can eliminate the cost of installation,
maintenance and eliminates connectors. Potential
benefits includes fewer catastrophic failures,
conservation of natural resources, improved
manufacturing productivity, improved emergency
response, and enhanced homeland security. The
ideal WSN is networked and scalable, consumes
very little power, is smart
and software programmable, capable of fast data
acquisition ,reliable and accurate over the long Figure1: Wireless sensor network
term, costs little to purchase and install, and

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 K Sriharsha, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2012]

II. ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY Zigbee is mainly famous for its mesh topology.
Zigbee is a low power wireless sensor network In this crop field monitoring we used mesh
used in many applications such as oil field topology. The various sensed data from various
monitoring, industrial monitoring, mine safety and sensors goes to the central Global System for
all [1],[2]. But the usage of zigbee wireless sensor Mobile (GSM) node. From that the sensed data is
network in agricultural field is very low. This paper given to the personal computer, which is used by a
shows the model for perfect real time monitoring of farmer.
crop field by forming zigbee network and
experimental result of that model when deploying B. Protocol Stack:
nodes in real time. Physical and MAC (Medium Zigbee wireless networking protocol layers are
Access Control) layers of zigbee are supported by shown in the above. The Zigbee standard gives only
IEEE 802.15.4. The physical layer supports three the networking, application, and security layers of
frequency bands that are 2.450MHz, 915MHz and the protocol and adopts IEEE 802.15.4 PHY and
868 MHz with different gross data rates (250 kbs- MAC layers as part of the Zigbee networking
1), (40 kbs-1) and (20 kbs-1) respectively[3]. protocol.

The functionality of both transmitter and receiver

ar combined into a single device known as
transceivers. Zigbee transceives are used for
transmission purpose.

Figure: 2 Zigbee Transceiver node

A. Zigbee Topologies:

Figure: 4 Protocol stack

Therefore, any Zigbee-compliant device conforms

to IEEE 802.15.4 as well. Implementing the full
Zigbee protocol ensures interoperability with other
vendors wireless solutions and additional reliability
due to the mesh networking capability supported in
Figure: 3 Different topologies Zigbee [4].

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 K Sriharsha, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2012]

The zigbee module is supported by IEEE GSM node sensor, the data are sent to the personal
802.15.4 and Zigbee devices are FFD (Full computer through gateway. A Gateway is the device
Function Device) and RFD (Reduced Function which can be used to connect two networks of
Device). FFD can communicate with both FFD and different protocols. Systems require a gateway or
RFD, and it can be used as a PAN (personal area coordinator to establish time synchronization. Also
network) Coordinator, Router, and End Device. from gateway the datas are sent to the personal
RFD can only communicate with FFD, so it can be computer. A server is connected to the database,
only End Device. Therefore, RFD requires which has minimum and maximum threshold value
moderately small resources including memory size. of temperature, water level, Ph level. If the sensed
data attains maximum or minimum threshold level
III. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE stored in the data base, the alarm unit will give an
alarm sound to the farmer. By this farmer may get
Paddy crop field attention about the crop field. The above diagram
shows the sensing methodology of wireless sensor
network. Location can be detected by X-path
algorithm. Data gathered from different sensors are
transmitted to the center coordinator node. From
coordinator node, the data are sent to the personal
computer.The datas are transmitted to the control
station for decision making process. Actuation and
control decision process are based on the sensed
data of sensors from the paddy crop field area.

IV. FLOW CHART

area

Figure: 5 Real time paddy crop field monitoring

using zigbee.

The proposed system architecture has several

types of nodes deployed in the crop field area. It
captures the physical phenomenon such as
temperature, pressure, humidity, water level, pH can
be monitored in a paddy crop field. The
Figure: 6 flow chart
varioussensed data from various places of crop field
area is transmitted to the central Global System of
Mobile (GSM) node or coordinator node. From the
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 K Sriharsha, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2012]

A. Advantages of proposed system microcontroller and humidity sensor was connected

In paddy crop field we have to irrigate the to another zigbee via microcontroller. One zigbee
land fully. We have to irrigate depending upon the node act as a router and one act as a coordinator,
soil, ups and downs of the land and where it needs. another one act as an end device. All sensed data
In present era, there is no mechanism to find where are sent to the coordinator node which is connected
irrigation is needed. In this paper, we made zigbee to the personal computer via gateway. By using this
wireless sensor network for monitoring the crop network we can sense the data such as temperature,
field area by deploying water sensors in the land to humidity, water level, PH level of crop field area.
detect the places where the water level is low. From Lot of wired system proposed for this type of
those results we irrigate to that particular place monitoring theoretically and practically. We used
only. From the above methodology we can conserve Zigbee wireless sensor network. The sensing unit
water and minimize the problem of water logging in consists of sensor and power supply which may be
the land. either external power supply or battery operated
one. The sensed data from the sensor is fed to the
We used humidity sensor to sense the processing unit where the controller processes the
weather. By this the farmer can get idea about the data which is then passed to the node for
climate. If there is any chance for rainfall, the transmission over Wireless network. The Zigbee
farmer need not irrigate the crop field. Due to this node receives the data and scan for available node
we can conserve water and also power since we dint to transmit the data to the coordinator node.The
turn on motors. Nowadays in the crops the fertilizer coordinator receives the data, process it and
level is increasing, which affects people. By using transmit to the monitoring unit, which is going to be
pH sensors we get the information about the soil observed by a farmer.
and analyze the acid level of the soil. By which we
can apply fertilizer to the place where it needs, also V. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
we can avoid over fertilization of the TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE READINGS
crops.Temperature is a randomly varying quantity
in the environment of paddy field. Temperature
reading gives information to the farmer. By using
temperature sensors we can detect the temperature,
and irrigate the water to the crop field area.

B. Experimental Setup: The above result was received from the

temperature sensor, which was connected to the
coordinator node; consequently the coordinator
node was connected to the personal computer. The
above result was taken at real time in our college
lab.

TABLE 2 HUMIDITY READING

Figure:7 Experimental setup

We used four Zigbee nodes to form a Zigbee The above result was received from the
network.Temperature sensor and pressure sensor humidity sensor, which was connected to the
were connected to two zigbee device via coordinator node and consequently the coordinator
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 K Sriharsha, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2012]

node was connected to the personal computer. The Above graph shows the humidity readings when
above result was taken at real time in our college implemented in real time environment. Analysis
lab. report shows that the humidity is a varying quantity
TABLE III WATERLEVEL READINGS in the paddy crop field area.

s.no Waterlevel(cm) Time(s) Water level Vs time

1 26 11.15
2 27 11.16
3 28 11.17
4 27 11.20
5 29 11.21

The above result was received from the water

indicator which was connected to the coordinator
node and consequently the coordinator node was
connected to the personal computer. The above
result was taken at real time in our college lab.

Figure: 10 Water level Vs Time

Above graph shows the water level readings when

implemented in real time environment. Analysis
report shows that the water level is a varying
quantity in the paddy crop field area.

VI. CONCLUSION
Figure: 8 Time Vs Temperature In this paper we have discussed about how to
utilize the sensor in the paddy crop field area and
Above graph shows the temperature readings gives proposed architecture for real time paddy crop
when implemented in real time environment. We field monitoring with zigbee wireless sensor
get the result that the temperature is a varying network. Analyzed about real time readings of
quantity in the paddy crop field area. temperature, humidity and water sensor deployed
in real time. Result shows that zigbee wireless
sensor network is efficient for paddy crop field
monitoring. Now we are working in the part how to
resend the packets when packet loss occurs and also
doing simulation work for more number of nodes
implementing in the paddy crop field environment.
The proposed work gives efficient monitoring of
paddy crop field monitoring.

Figure: 9 Humidity Vs Time

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 K Sriharsha, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2012]

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