and Engineering Entrance Examinations

Useful for all Agricultural, Medical, Pharmacy

held across India.

STD. XI Sci.
Triumph Physics
Based on Maharashtra Board Syllabus

Fourth Edition: October 2014

First Edition: July 2014

Salient Features
Exhaustive subtopic wise coverage of MCQs
Important formulae provided in each chapter

Hints included for relevant questions

Various competitive exam questions updated till the latest year

Includes solved MCQs from JEE (Main), AIPMT, CET 2014
Evaluation test provided at the end of each chapter

Solutions/hints to Evaluation Test available in downloadable PDF format at

www. targetpublications.org

Printed at: India Printing Works Mumbai

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

TEID : 770
 Preface
Std. XI: Sci. Triumph Physics is a complete and thorough guide to prepare students for a competitive
level examination. The book will not only assist students with MCQs of Std. XI but will also help them to prepare for
JEE, AIPMT, CET and various other competitive examinations.
The content of this book is based on the Maharashtra State Board Syllabus. Formulae that form a vital part of
MCQ solving are provided in each chapter. Notes provide important information about the topic. Shortcuts provide
easy and less tedious solving methods. Mindbenders have been introduced to bridge the gap between a text book
topic and the students understanding of the same. A quick reference to the notes, shortcuts and mindbenders has been
provided wherever possible.
MCQs in each chapter are divided into three sections:
Classical Thinking: consists of straight forward questions including knowledge based questions.
Critical Thinking: consists of questions that require some understanding of the concept.
Competitive Thinking: consists of questions from various competitive examinations like JEE, AIPMT, CET, CPMT etc.
Hints have been provided to the MCQs which are broken down to the simplest form possible.
An Evaluation Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level of preparation of the
student on a competitive level.
An additional feature of pictorial representation of a topic is added to give the student a glimpse of various
interesting physics concept.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think weve
nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, wed love to hear from you.
Please write to us on : mail@targetpublications.org

Best of luck to all the aspirants!

Yours faithfully
Authors

Sr. No. Topic Name Page No.

1 Measurements 1
2 Scalars and Vectors 28
3 Projectile Motion 55
4 Force 91
5 Friction in Solids and Liquids 126
6 Sound Waves 161
7 Thermal Expansion 184
8 Refraction of Light 218
9 Ray Optics 256
10 Electrostatics 284
11 Current Electricity 323
12 Magnetic Effect of Electric Current 356
13 Magnetism 382
14 Electromagnetic Waves 403
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

01 Measurements
Syllabus
Measuring the radius of the Earth
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Need for measurements
1.2 Units of measurements
1.3 System of units
1.4 S.I Units
1.5 Fundamental and derived units
1.6 Dimensional analysis
1.7 Order of magnitude and
significant figures Eratosthenes was first to measure the radius of the
Earth using the difference in angle of shadows cast
1.8 Accuracy and errors in at the same time in two different cities Syene (now
Aswan) and Alexandria. Using simple geometry, he
measurements determined the degrees of arc between them to be 7.

1
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

Formulae Notes

1. Measure of physical quantity (M): 1. Units are classified mainly into two groups.
Numerical value size of unit. i.e., M = nu i. Fundamental units: These are
2. For definite amount of physical quantity: independent of other units. The seven
1 fundamental quantities and their units
n
u are given below.
1
i.e., magnitude of physical quantity Fundamental Quantity S.I Unit
units
Length metre (m)
3. Conversion factor of a unit in two system of
units: Mass kilogram (kg)
a
L M T
b c Time second (s)
n= 1 1 1 Temperature kelvin (K)
L 2 M 2 T2
Electric current ampere (A)
4. Average value or mean value:
Luminous intensity candela (cd)
a + a 2 + a 3 + .... + a n 1 n
am = 1 = ai Amount of substance mole (mol)
n n i =1
5. If x = x1 x2, then maximum error in x: Supplementary Quantity S.I. Unit
x = x1 + x2 Plane angle radian (rad)
6. If x = x1m xn2 , then error in measurement: Solid angle steradian (sr)
x mx1 nx 2
= + ii. Derived units: These units depend upon
x x1 x2 the fundamental units to give units of a
7. Absolute error: physical quantity.
Average value Measured value Distance
| an | = | am an | For example: speed =
Time
8. Mean absolute error: Thus its unit is m/s. It means that unit of
a1 + a 2 + ... + a n n
1
| a m | =
n
=
n
a i speed depends upon the fundamental
i =1 unit of length and time.
9. Relative (fractional) error:
2. The parallax method is used
a m
i. to measure separation between two
am sources (i.e., two planets), if distance (b)
10. Percentage error: between them is very large.
a m O
Relative error 100 = 100 %
am

Some practical units in term of S.I. unit
Practical units Abbreviation S.I. unit s s
1 Angstrom 1010 m
1 Micron m/ 106 m
1 Nanometer nm 109 m
1 Light year ly 9.46 1015 m L R
b
1 Astronomical unit AU 1.496 1011 m Basis b
1 Atomic mass unit a.m.u./u 1.66 1027 kg s= =
Parallactic angle
1 Torr T 1 mm of Hg

2
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

ii. to find the size of an astronomical object. iv. If the error in measurement of a is a
D and the error in measurement of b is
A B a
b then the percentage error in, is
b
a b
+ 100
s a b

O
Mindbenders
EARTH
1. The dimensions of a physical quantity are
Linear diameter = distance
angular diameter independent of the system of units.
D =s 2. A physical quantity that does not have any
unit is always dimensionless.
3. To determine dimensions of a physical
quantity, the unit of fundamental quantities 3. Angle is a special physical quantity which is a
are represented by L for length, M for ratio of two similar physical quantities i.e.,
mass, T for time, K for temperature, I or arc/radius and requires a unit.
A for current, C for luminous intensity and
mol for amount of substance. 4. In the formula,
[Mx Ly Tz]; if x = y = z = 0, then the quantity is
4. Percentage error in different cases: a dimensionless quantity.
i. If the error in a is a, then the
Examples of dimensionless quantities: Strain,
a
percentage error in a = 100 specific gravity, relative density, angle, solid
a
angle, poissons ratio, relative permittivity,
ii. If the error in a is a, then the
Reynolds number, all the trigonometric
a
percentage error in an = n ratios, refractive index, dielectric constant,
a magnetic susceptibility etc.
100
A dimensionless quantity has the same numeric
iii. If the error in measurement of a is a
and the error in measurement of b is value in all the system of units.
b then, the percentage error in ab is
a b
+ 100
a b

Dimensions, units, formulae of some quantities:

Quantity Formula Unit Dimension

Distance
Speed m s1 [M0L1T1]
Time
Changein velocity
Acceleration m s2 [M0L1T2]
Time
Force Mass Acceleration N (newton) [M1L1T2]
Force
Pressure N m2 [M1L1T2]
Area
Mass
Density kg m3 [M1L3T0]
Volume
Work Force distance joule [M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]
3
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

Energy Force distance joule [M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]

Work
Power watt [M1L2T3]
Time
Momentum Mass Velocity kg m s1 [M1L1T1]
Impulse Force Time Ns [M1L1T1]

Torque = rF Nm [M1L1T2] [L]= [M1L2T2]
Temperature (T) -- kelvin [M0L0T01]
Heat (Q) Energy joule [M1L2T2]
Q
Specific heat (c) joule/kg K [M0L2T21]
m
Thermal capacity -- joule/K [M1L2T21]
heat ()
Latent heat (L) joule/kg [M0L2T2]
mass (m)
PV
Gas constant (R) joule/mol K [M1L2T21]
T
R
Boltzmann constant , N = Avogadro
N joule/K [M1L2T21]
(k)
number
From
Q T
Coefficient of thermal t = KA x
joule/m s K [M1L1T31]
conductivity (K)
Q x 1
K=
t T A
E
Stefan's constant () = watt/m2 K4 [M1L0T3 4]
T4
Wien's constant (b) b = Nm T mK [M0L1T01]
Energy (E)
Planck's constant (h) joule s [M1L2T1]
Frequency (F)
Coefficient of linear
-- kelvin1 [M0L0T01]
Expansion ()
Mechanical
-- joule/calorie [M0L0T0]
equivalent of Heat(J)
Electric charge (q) Current Time coulomb [M0L0T1A1]
Surface charge charge
= coulomb metre2 [M0L2T1A1]
density() area
Electric current (I) -- ampere [M0L0T0A1]
Current density (J) Current per unit area ampere/m2 [M0L2T0A1]
Work
Electric potential (V) joule/ coulomb [M1L2T3A1]
Charge

Intensity of electric Force

volt/metre, newton/coulomb [M1L1T3A1]
field (E) Charge

4
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

P.D.
Resistance (R) volt/ampere or ohm [M1L2T3 A2]
Current
1
Conductance ohm1 [M1L2T3A2]
R
Resistivity or
Ra
Specific resistance ohm metre [M1L3T3 A2]
l
()
1
Conductivity () ohm1metre1 [M1L3T3A2]

Electric dipole
q(2a) coulomb metre [M0L1T1A1]
moment (p)
Permittivity of free q1 q 2 coulomb 2
0 = [M1L3T4A2]
space (0) 4Fr 2 newton metre 2
Dielectric constant
K= Unitless [M0L0T0]
(K) 0
Charge
Capacitance (C) coulomb/ volt or farad [M1L2T4A2]
P.D.
volt second
Coefficient of self (w / q)dt or henry or
L= ampere [M1L2T2 A2]
induction (L) dI
ohm-second
Coefficient of mutual ed t
henry [M1L2T2A2]
inductance (M) dI
wdt
Magnetic flux () d = volt-second or weber [M1L2T2 A1]
q
newton
or
ampere metre
joule
Magnetic induction B=
F or
ampere metre 2 [M1L0T2 A1]
(B) qv
volt second
or
metre 2
tesla
Idl
Magnetic intensity (H) H = ampere/ metre [M0L1T0 A1]
r2
Magnetic dipole
M = IA ampere metre2 [M0L2T0A1]
moment (M)
newton joule
2
or
ampere ampere2 metre
Permeability of free 4r Fr 2 volt second
0 = or or [M1L1T2 A2]
space (0) m1m 2 ampere metre
ohmsecond henry
or
metre metre
22 mk 2 e 4
Rydberg constant (R) m1 [M0L1T0]
ch 3

5
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

Quantities having same dimensions:

Dimension Quantity
0 0 1 Frequency, angular frequency, angular velocity, velocity gradient and decay
[M L T ]
constant
[M1L2T2] Work, internal energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, torque, moment of force
Pressure, stress, Youngs modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, energy
[M1L1T2]
density
[M1L1T1] Momentum, impulse
[M0L1T2] Acceleration due to gravity, gravitational field intensity
[M1L1T2] Thrust, force, weight, energy gradient
[M1L2T1] Angular momentum and Plancks constant
[M1L0T2] Surface tension, Surface energy (energy per unit area), spring constant
Strain, refractive index, relative density, angle, solid angle, distance gradient,
[M0L0T0]
relative permittivity (dielectric constant), relative permeability etc.
[M0L2T2] Latent heat and gravitational potential
[ML2T21] Thermal capacity, gas constant, Boltzmann constant and entropy
l / g , m / k , R / g , where l = length
[M0L0T1] g = acceleration due to gravity, m = mass, k = spring constant,
R = Radius of earth
[M0L0T1] L/R, LC , RC where L = inductance, R = resistance, C = capacitance
V2 q2
I2Rt, t, VIt, qV, LI2, , CV2
[ML2T2] R C
where I = current, t = time, q = charge, L = inductance, C = capacitance,
R = resistance
A few quick conversions: To express large or small magnitudes
i. Pressure: following prefixes are used:
1 N/m2 = 10 dyne/ cm2 or
Power of 10 Prefix Symbol
1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 N/m2. 18
10 exa E
ii. Density: 15
10 peta P
1 kg/m3 = 103 g/cm3 or 12
1 g/cm3 = 103 kg/m3. 10 tera T
109 giga G
iii. Coefficient of viscosity:
SI units is decapoise (N s/m2) and CGS 106 mega M
3
unit is poise. 10 kilo k
1 poise = 101 decapoise or 10 2
hecta h
1 decapoise = 10 poise. 10 deca da
iv. Magnetic induction: 101 deci d
S I unit is tesla (Wb/m2) and CGS unit is 2
10 centi c
Gauss.
3
1 gauss = 104 tesla or 10 milli m
1 tesla = 104 gauss. 106 micro
9
v. Magnetic flux: 10 nano n
SI unit is weber and CGS unit is 10 12
pico p
maxwell.
1 Wb = 108 maxwell or 1015 femto f
18
1 maxwell = 108 Wb. 10 atto a

6
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

1.4 S.I Units

Classical Thinking
10. S.I system of unit contains _______
1.0 Introduction supplementary unit.
(A) 7 (B) 2
1. The atomic, molecular and nuclear phenomena (C) many (D) 4
are the parts of ______ domain.
(A) macroscopic (B) microscopic 11. In which of following system, scientific data
(C) megascopic (D) electroscopic can be exchanged between different parts of
the world?
2. Nano size of gold has _______ colour. (A) M.K.S. (B) C.G.S.
(A) yellow (B) red (C) F.P.S. (D) S.I.
(C) pink (D) orange
1.5 Fundamental and derived units
3. Maxwells equations relate to _______.
(A) law of gravitation 12. Out of the following units, which is NOT a
(B) basic laws of electromagnetism fundamental unit?
(C) laws of electrostatics (A) newton (B) second
(D) nuclear model of an atom (C) pound (D) kg
1.1 Need for measurements 13. Temperature can be expressed as a derived
quantity in terms of
4. _______ is needed for the experimental
verification of various theories. (A) length and mass
(A) Unit (B) Symbol (B) mass and time
(C) Instrument (D) Measurement (C) length, mass and time
(D) none of these
1.2 Units of measurements
14. Which of the following is NOT a derived unit?
5. The reference standard used for the (A) joule (B) erg
measurement of a physical quantity is called (C) dyne (D) mole
_______.
(A) standard quantity (B) dimension 15. Which of the following is the CORRECT way
(C) constant (D) unit of writing units?
(A) 25 ms length (B) 30 Kg
6. Which of the following is NOT a (C) 5 Newton (D) 10 N
characteristic of a good unit?
(A) It is invariable. 16. To measure the distance of a planet from the
(B) It is reproducible. earth ______ method is used.
(C) It is perishable. (A) echo (B) direct
(D) It is easily available. (C) parallax (D) paradox
1.3 System of units 17. The mass of the body depends only on
(A) temperature.
7. Units are classified into ______ groups. (B) pressure.
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) quantity of matter contained in the body.
(C) 5 (D) 6 (D) location of the body from the observer.
8. A set of fundamental and derived units is
18. Which of the following represents a unified
known as _______.
atomic mass unit (1u)?
(A) supplementary units
(B) system of units (A) 8.333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
(C) complementary units C in kg
(D) metric units (B) 0.8333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
C in g
9. The physical quantity having the same unit in
(C) 8.333 101 of the mass of an atom of
all the systems of unit is _______. 12
C in g
(A) length (B) time
(D) 0.8333 101 of the mass of an atom of
(C) mass (D) foot 12
C in kg
7
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

19. In cesium atomic clock ______ is used. 30. Which of the following is NOT a
(A) cesium-122 atom (B) cesium-132 atom dimensionless quantity?
(C) cesium-133 atom (D) cesium-134 atom (A) angle (B) strain
20. A ______ is the interval from one noon to the (C) specific gravity (D) density
next noon. 31. The unit of plane angle is radian, hence its
(A) mean solar day (B) solar day dimensions are
(C) lunar day (D) day
(A) [M0L0T0] (B) [M1L1T0]
21. Light year is a unit for the measurement of (C) [M0L1T1] (D) [M1L0T1]
_______.
(A) distance (B) time 32. Dimensional equation CANNOT be used
(C) temperature (D) luminous intensity (A) to check the correctness of a physical
quantity.
22. Which of the following quantity is expressed
(B) to derive the relation between different
as force per unit area?
physical quantities.
(A) work (B) pressure
(C) volume (D) density (C) to find out constant of proportionality
which may be pure number.
23. The physical quantity having the unit dyne g1 (D) to change from one system of units to
is _______. another system.
(A) velocity (B) mass
(C) force (D) acceleration 33. If the dimensional formula for the physical
quantity is [M1L2T2] then the physical
24. The SI unit of luminous intensity is _______. quantity is _______.
(A) watt (B) lux
(A) torque
(C) lumen (D) candela
(B) impulse
25. Which of the following is a supplementary unit? (C) force
(A) steradian (B) candela (D) force per unit area
(C) kelvin (D) pascal
34. If the dimensions of a physical quantity are
26. The pressure of 103 dyne/cm2 is equivalent to
given by [LaMbTc], then the physical quantity
(A) 10 N/m2 (B) 102 N/m2
2 will be
(C) 10 N/m 2
(D) 101 N/m2
(A) force, if a = 1, b = 0, c = 2
1.6 Dimensional analysis (B) pressure, if a = 1, b = 1, c = 2
27. [M1L1T2] is the dimensional formula for (C) velocity, if a = 1, b = 0, c = 1
_______. (D) acceleration, if a = 1, b = 1, c = 2
(A) joule constant 1.7 Order of magnitude and significant figures
(B) gravitational constant
(C) pressure 35. The value of the magnitude rounded off to the
(D) force nearest integral power of 10 is called _______.
(A) significant figure
28. Checking the correctness of physical
equations using the method of dimensions is (B) uncertain number
based on (C) significant number
(A) equality of inertial frame of reference. (D) order of magnitude
(B) the type of system of units. 36. Order of magnitude of (106 + 103) is
(C) the method of measurement.
(A) 1018 (B) 109
(D) principle of homogeneity of dimensions. 6
(C) 10 (D) 103
29. A unitless quantity
(A) always has a non-zero dimension. 37. The length of a rod is 0.5 102 m, the order of
(B) may have a non-zero dimension. magnitude of the length of the rod is
(C) never has a zero dimension. (A) 103 m (B) 102 m
(D) has no dimensions. (C) 101 m (D) 101 m

8
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

38. The charge on the electron is 1.6 1019 C. 49. Error due to non-removal of parallax between
The order of magnitude is pointer and its image in case of magnetic
(A) 1019 C (B) 1018 C compass needle causes _______.
(C) 1018 C (D) 1019 C (A) instrumental error
(B) persistant error
39. Significant figures depends upon the ______ (C) personal error
of the measuring instrument.
(D) random error
(A) length (B) readings
(C) number (D) accuracy 50. Instrumental error can be minimised by
(A) taking large number of readings.
40. The number of significant figures in 0.0009 is (B) using different accurate instrument for
(A) 4 (B) 3 the same reading.
(C) 2 (D) 1 (C) adjusting zero of the instrument.
41. The number of significant figures in 0.400 is (D) maintaining the temperature of the
(A) 1 (B) 2 surrounding.
(C) 3 (D) 4 51. The magnitude of the difference between
42. The number of significant figures in 0.0500 is mean value and each individual value is called
(A) 4 (B) 3 _______.
(C) 2 (D) 1 (A) absolute error
(B) error in reading
43. State the number of significant figures in (C) most probable error
6.032 J (D) true error
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 1 52. The formula for percentage error is
a m
1.8 Accuracy and errors in measurements (A) Percentage error = 100%
am
44. The difference between the true value and
1 n
measured value is called _______. (B) Percentage error = a i 100%
n i=1
(A) mistake (B) error
(C) significant figures (D) fault a
(C) Percentage error = m 100%
45. If the pointer of the voltmeter is not exactly at a m
the zero of the scale then the error is called
Percentage error = 1 ai 100%
n
(D)
_______. n i=1
(A) instrumental error (B) systematic error
a
(C) personal error (D) random error 53. If x = , then maximum relative error in the
b
46. Zero error of an instrument introduces measurement is
(A) systematic error a / a a b
(B) random error (A) (B) +
b / b a b
(C) instrumental error
(D) none of these a b b / b
(C) (D)
a b a / a
47. Accidental error can be minimised by
(A) taking only one reading. 54. Given: l1 = 44.2 0.1 and l2 = 23.1 0.1, the
(B) taking small magnitude of the quantity. uncertainty in l1 + l2 is
(C) selecting instrument with greater least count. (A) 0 (B) 0.1
(D) selecting instrument with small least count. (C) 0.2 (D) 0.4
48. Constant error can be caused due to 55. Two resistances R1 = 50 2 ohm and
(A) faulty construction of instrument. R2 = 60 3 ohm are connected in series, the
(B) wrong setting of instrument. equivalent resistance of the series combination
(C) lack of concentration of observer. is
(D) wrong procedure of handling the (A) (110 4) ohm (B) (110 2) ohm
instrument. (C) (110 5) ohm (D) (110 6) ohm
9
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

56. If x = an then relative error is (where n is

Critical Thinking
power of a)
a a 1.2 Units of measurements
(A) +n (B) n
a a
a a 1. If u1 and u2 are the units selected in two
(C) n (D) systems of measurement and n1 and n2 are
a na
their numerical values, then
57. Thickness of the paper measured by (A) n1u1 = n2u2 (B) n1u1 + n2u2 = 0
micrometer screw gauge of least count (C) n1n2 = u1u2 (D) (n1+ u1) = (n2 + u2)
0.01 mm is 1.03 mm, the percentage error in
the measurement of thickness of paper is 1.3 System of units
(A) 1.1% (B) 1% 2. Which of the following system of units is not
(C) 0.97% (D) 0.8% based on units of mass, length and time alone?
Miscellaneous (A) S.I. (B) M.K.S
(C) F.P.S (D) C.G.S
58. One micron is related to centimetre as
(A) 1 micron = 108 cm 1.5 Fundamental and derived units
(B) 1 micron = 106 cm 3. The physical quantity denoted by
(C) 1 micron = 105 cm mass pressure
(D) 1 micron = 104 cm is _______.
density
Electronic analytical balance (A) force (B) momentum
(C) angular momentum (D) work

4. Universal time is based on

(A) rotation of the earth on its axis.
(B) Earths orbital motion around the Sun.
(C) vibrations of cesium atom.
(D) oscillations of quartz crystal.

5. 1 a.m.u. is equivalent to
(A) 1.6 1027 kg (B) 934 MeV
24
(C) 1.6 10 g (D) All of the above
6. The S.I. unit of momentum is
kg kg m
(A) (B)
m sec
2
kg m
(C) (D) kg newton
sec

7. Curie is a unit of
(A) energy of -rays
(B) half life
An analytical balance is a balance designed to
measure small mass in the sub-milligram range. The (C) radioactivity
measuring pan (0.1 mg) is inside a transparent (D) intensity of -rays
enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect
and air currents in the room do not affect the 8. S = A(1 eBxt), where S is speed and x is
balance's operation. displacement. The unit of B is
Electronic analytical scale measures the force
needed to counter the mass being measured rather (A) m1s1 (B) m2s
2
than using actual masses. (C) s (D) s1

10
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

9. To determine the Youngs modulus of a wire, 17. If the magnitude of length is halved and that
F L of mass is doubled then dimension of force is
the formula is Y = ; where L = length, (A) [M2L2T2] (B) [M2L1/2T2]
A L
A = area of cross-section of the wire, L = (C) [M2L1/2T2] (D) [M1L1T2]
change in length of the wire when stretched 18. Out of the following pairs, which one does
with a force F. The conversion factor to NOT have identical dimensions?
change it from CGS to MKS system is (A) Energy and moment of force
(A) 1 (B) 10 (B) Work and torque
(C) 0.1 (D) 0.01 (C) Density and surface energy
10. The moon subtends an angle of 57 minute at (D) Pressure and stress
the base-line equal to the radius of the earth. 19. Which of the following equations is
What is the distance of the moon from the dimensionally correct?
earth? [Radius of the earth = 6.4 106 m] (A) pressure = Energy per unit volume
(A) 11.22 108 m (B) 3.86 108 m (B) pressure = Energy per unit area
3
(C) 3.68 10 cm (D) 3.68 108 cm (C) pressure = Momentum volume time
(D) pressure = Force area
11. The angular diameter of the sun is 1920. If
the distance of the sun from the earth is 20. The dimensional formula for impulse is the
1.5 1011 m, then the linear diameter of the same as dimensional formula for _______.
sun is (A) acceleration
(A) 2.6 109 m (B) 0.7 109 m (B) force
(C) 5.2 109 m (D) 1.4 109 m (C) momentum
(D) rate of change in momentum
1.6 Dimensional analysis
1
12. The fundamental physical quantities that have 21. The dimensions of is that of
00
same dimensions in the dimensional formulae
of torque and angular momentum are (A) Velocity (B) Time
(A) mass, time (B) time, length (C) Capacitance (D) Distance
(C) mass, length (D) time, mole 22. Which of the following pair has same
13. Which of the following represents correct dimensions?
dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity? (A) Current density and charge density
(B) Angular momentum and momentum
(A) [M1L1T2] (B) [M1L1T1]
(C) Spring constant and surface energy
(C) [M1L1T1] (D) [M1L2T2]
(D) Force and torque
14. The dimensional equation for the electrical 23. The terminal velocity v of a small steel ball of
resistance of a conductor is radius r falling under gravity through a
(A) [M1L2T2I1] (B) [M1L2T2I1] column of viscous liquid coefficient of
1 1 3 2
(C) [M L T I ] (D) [M1L2T3I2] viscosity depends on mass of the ball m,
15. Dimensions of length in electric dipole acceleration due to gravity g. Which of the
moment, electric flux and electric field are following relation is dimensionally correct?
respectively mgr
(A) v (B) v mgr
(A) L, L2, L3 (B) L3, L2, L
(C) L1, L3, L3 (D) L, L3, L mg mg
(C) v (D) v
16. If L denotes the inductance of an inductor r r
through which a current i is flowing, the
dimensions of Li2 are 24. A force F is given by F = at + bt2, where t is
time. What are the dimensions of a and b?
(A) [L2M1T2]
(B) Not expressible in LMT (A) [M1L1T1] and [M1L1T0]
(C) [L1M1T2] (B) [M1L1T3] and [M1L1T4]
(D) [L2M2T2] (C) [M1L1T4] and [M1L1T1]
(D) [M1L3T1] and [M1L1T4]
11
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

25. The force F is expressed in terms of distance x and 32. If the speed of light (c), acceleration due to
time t as F = a x + bt2. The dimensions of a/b is gravity (g) and pressure (p) are taken as the
(A) [M0L0T2] (B) [M0L1/2T2] fundamental quantities, then the dimension of
(C) [M0L1/2T2] (D) [M0L1/2T2] gravitational constant is
(A) [c2g0p2] (B) [c0g2p1]
26. For the equation F Aa vb dc, where F is the 3 2
(C) [cg p ] (D) [c1g0p1]
force, A is the area, v is the velocity and d is the
density, the values of a, b and c are respectively 33. The value of acceleration due to gravity is
(A) 1, 2, 1 (B) 2, 1, 1 980 cm s2. If the unit of length is kilometre
(C) 1, 1, 2 (D) 0, 1, 1 and that of time is minute then value of
acceleration due to gravity is
27. Using the principle of homogeneity of (A) 980 km min2 (B) 98 km min2
dimensions, find which of the following relation
(C) 35.28 km min2 (D) 28.35 km min2
is correct? [T is the time period, a is the radius of
the orbit and M is the mass of the sun.] 1.7 Order of magnitude and significant figures
4 2 a 3 4 2 a 3
(A) T2 = (B) T2 = 34. The magnitude of any physical quantity can be
G GM expressed as A 10n where n is a number
4 2 a 3 called order of magnitude and A is
(C) T2 = 42a3 (D) T2 =
GM 2 (A) 0.1 A < 1 (B) 0.5 A < 5
28. The period of a body under SHM is (C) 5 A < 9 (D) 1 A > 9
represented by T = PaDbSc ; where P is 35. The radius of the earth is 6400 km, the order
pressure, D is density and S is surface tension. of magnitude is
The value of a, b and c are (A) 107 m (B) 104 m
3 1 (C) 10 m3
(D) 102 m
(A) , , 1 (B) 1, 2, 3
2 2
36. The order of magnitude of 49 and the order of
1 3 1 1
(C) , (D) 1, 2, magnitude of 51
2 2 2 3 (A) is same. (B) differs by 1.
29. The equation of a wave is given by (C) is 1. (D) is 2.
x 37. Calculate the number of seconds in a day and
Y = A sin k
v express it in the order of magnitude.
where is the angular velocity and v is the (A) 8.64 104 s, 105 s (B) 6.84 104 s, 104 s
linear velocity. The dimension of k is (C) 8.64 105 s, 105 s (D) 6.85 104 s, 105 s
(A) LT (B) T
38. Figure which is of some significance but it
(C) T1 (D) T2 does not necessarily denote certainty is
30. Find the dimensions of (a/b) in the equation: defined as _______.
a t2 (A) special figures
P= (B) characteristic figures
bx
Where P is pressure, x is distance and t is time. (C) unknown figures
(A) [M1L1T2] (B) [M1L0T2] (D) significant figures
1 2 2
(C) [M L T ] (D) [M1L2T2] 39. The number of significant figures in all the
given numbers 25.12, 2009, 4.156 and
31. The equation of state of some gases can be
1.217 104 is
a
expressed as P + 2 (V b) = RT. Here P is (A) 1 (B) 2
V (C) 3 (D) 4
the pressure, V is the volume, T is the absolute
temperature and a, b, R are constants. The 40. The answer of (9.15 + 3.8) with due regards
dimensions of a are to significant figure is
(A) [M1L5T2] (B) [ML1T2] (A) 13.000 (B) 13.00
0 3 0
(C) [M L T ] (D) [M0L6T0] (C) 13.0 (D) 13

12
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

41. In the reading 2.614 cm of measurement with 48. The percentage error in the measurement of
a vernier calliper, only uncertain figure is mass of a body is 0.75% and the percentage
(A) 1 (B) 2 error in the measurement of its speed is
(C) 4 (D) 6 1.85%. Then the percentage error in the
measurement of its kinetic energy is
42. The sides of a rectangle are 6.01 m and 12 m. (A) 7.05% (B) 4.45%
Taking the significant figures into account, the (C) 2.6% (D) 1.1%
area of the rectangle is
(A) 72.00 cm2 (B) 72.1 cm2 49. The error in the measurement of length (L) of
2
(C) 72 m (D) 72.12 cm2 the simple pendulum is 0.1% and the error in
time period (T) is 3%. The maximum possible
1.8 Accuracy and errors in measurements L
error in the measurement of 2 is
43. Estimate the mean absolute error from the T
following data. (A) 2.9% (B) 3.1%
20.17, 21.23, 20.79, 22.07, 21.78 (C) 5.9% (D) 6.1%
(A) 0.85 (B) 0.58
50. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum
(C) 0.03 (D) 0.01
l
is given by T = 2 where l is about
xy3 g
44. In the expression A = the percentage
z2 100 cm and is known to have 1 mm accuracy.
error is given by The period is about 2 s. The time of
x y z 100 oscillations is measured by a stop watch of
(A) +3 2 100%
x y z least count 0.1 s. The percentage error in g is
x 3y 2z
(A) 0.1% (B) 1%
(B) + + 100% (C) 0.2% (D) 0.8%
x y z
x 3y 2z 51. The length, breadth and height of a rectangular
(C) 100% block of wood were measured to be
x y z
l = 13.12 0.02 cm, b = 7.18 0.01 cm,
x y z
(D) 3 + 2 100% h = 4.16 0.02 cm.
x y z
The percentage error in the volume of the
45. The least count of a screw gauge is 0.005 cm. block will be
The diameter of a wire is 0.020 cm as measured (A) 7% (B) 0.77%
by it. The percentage error in measurement is (C) 0.72% (D) 0.27%
(A) 25% (B) 20% 52. The heat dissipated in a resistance can be
(C) 15% (D) 5%
I 2 Rt
determined from the relation: H = cal
46. The percentage error in the measurement of 4.2
radius r of a sphere is 0.1% then the percentage If the maximum errors in the measurement of
error introduced in the measurement of volume current, resistance and time are 2%, 1% and
is 1% respectively, what would be the maximum
(A) 0.1% (B) 0.2% error in the dissipated heat?
(C) 0.25% (D) 0.3% (A) 5% (B) 4%
47. The pressure on a square plate is measured by (C) 6% (D) 0.5%
measuring the force on the plate and the length Miscellaneous
of the sides of the plate. If the maximum error
in the measurement of force and length are 53. If momentum (P), area (A) and time (T) are
respectively 4% and 2%, The maximum error assumed to be fundamental quantities, then
in the measurement of pressure is energy has dimensional formula
(A) 1% (B) 2% (A) [P1A1/2T1] (B) [P1A1/2T1]
(C) 6% (D) 8% (C) [P2A1T1] (D) [P1A1T1]
13
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

54. Assertion: Avogadro number is the number of Competitive Thinking

atoms in one gram mole.
Reason: Avogadro number is a dimensionless 1.5 Fundamental and derived units
constant.
1. Correct unit of surface tension is
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason [MH CET 2011]
is a correct explanation for Assertion N J
(A) (B)
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason m2 m
is not a correct explanation for Assertion J
(C) J m (D)
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False m2
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is False. 2. Which of the following is not the unit of
energy? [MP PET 98, 2000]
55. Assertion: The graph between P and Q is (A) watt-hour (B) electron volt
straight line, when P/Q is constant. (C) N m (D) kg m2 s2
Reason: The straight line graph means that P 3. Units of a in Van der Waals equation of state
is proportional to Q or P is equal to constant is [MH CET 2002]
multiplied by Q. (A) Nm4/mole. (B) Nm2/mole.
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason (C) N2m/mole. (D) none of these.
is a correct explanation for Assertion 4. Unit of constant b in Van der Waals equation
is [MH CET 2006]
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason 3
(A) m /mole (B) m2/mole
is not a correct explanation for Assertion
(C) m/mole (D) m3
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False
5. The S.I. units of the constant in Weins
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is False. displacement law are
[MH CET 2008; 09]
Quartz crystal clock (A) cm K1 (B) mK
(C) cm2K1 (D) cm K2
6. S. I unit of principle specific heat is
[MH CET 2004]
(A) kcal/gm K (B) cal/gm K
(C) J/kg K (D) erg/kg K
7. As is unit of [MH CET 2002]
(A) capacitance. (B) charge.
(C) energy. (D) power.
8. S.I. unit of specific resistance is
[MH CET 2004]
(A) cm (B) m
(C) /cm (D) mho-cm
9. 1 Tesla =
[MH CET 2004]
(A) 1 Wb/m (B) 1 J/Am
A quartz clock is a clock that uses an electronic (C) 1 N/Am (D) 1 Am/N
oscillator regulated by a quartz crystal to keep time.
This crystal oscillator creates a signal with very
10. Unit of in radioactivity is
precise frequency, so that clock has an accuracy of [MH CET 2002]
1 s in every 109 s. (A) m (B) (unit of half life)1
(C) (year)1 (D) sec
14
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

11. If the unit of length and force be increased 18. Which of the following set have different
four times, then the unit of energy is dimensions? [IIT 2005]
[Kerala PMT 2005] (A) Pressure, Youngs modulus, stress
(A) Increased 4 times (B) e.m.f, potential difference, electric
(B) Increased 8 times potential
(C) Increased 16 times (C) Heat, work done, energy
(D) Decreased 16 times (D) dipole moment, electric flux, electric
12. The surface tension of a liquid is field
108 dyne/cm. It is equivalent to
[MH CET 1999] 19. The dimensions of universal gravitational
(A) 107 N/m (B) 106 N/m constant are
(C) 105 N/m (D) 104 N/m [AIIMS 2000; MH CET 2006;
Orissa JEE 2010]
1.6 Dimensional analysis 2 2 2
(A) [M L T ] (B) [M1L3T2]
L (C) [ML T ]1 2
(D) [ML2T2]
13. The quantities RC and (where R, L and
R
C stand for resistance, inductance and 20. Dimension of angular momentum is
capacitance respectively) have the dimensions [MH CET 2004]
of [Kerala PET 2010] (A) [M1L2T2] (B) [M1L2T1]
(A) force (B) linear momentum (C) [M1L2T1] (D) [M1L0T1]
(C) linear acceleration(D) time
21. Dimension of surface tension is
14. R, L and C represent the physical quantities [MH CET 2002]
resistance, inductance and capacitance 1 2 2
(A) [M L T ] (B) [M1L0T2]
respectively. Which one of the following
combination has dimensions of frequency? (C) [M1L2T2] (D) [M0 L0 T2]
[IIT JEE 1986] 22. Dimension of force constant is given by,
R R
(A) (B) [MH CET 2003]
RC L (A) [M1L1T2] (B) [M0L1T1]
1 C (C) [M1L0T2] (D) [M1L0T1]
(C) (D)
LC L
23. The dimensions of K in the equation
LV 1
15. The quantity X = 0 :0 is the permittivity W = Kx 2 is [Orissa JEE 2003]
t 2
of free space, L is length, V is potential (A) [M1L0T2] (B) [M0L1T1]
difference and t is time. The dimensions of X
are same as that of (C) [M1L1T2] (D) [M1L0T1]
[IIT JEE 2001; AMU (Engg.) 2009] 24. An object is moving through the liquid. The
(A) Resistance (B) Charge viscous damping force acting on it is
(C) Voltage (D) Current proportional to the velocity. Then dimension
16. Plancks constant has same dimensions as of constant of proportionality is
[MH CET 2004] [Orissa JEE 2002]
(A) energy. (B) angular momentum. (A) [M1L1T1] (B) [M1L1T1]
(C) mass. (D) force. (C) [M0L1T1] (D) [M1L0T1]
17. Dimensions of plancks constant are same as 25. The dimensional formula for Reynolds
the dimensions of the product of number is [MH CET 2014]
[MH CET 2010]
(A) [L0 M0 T0]
(A) Force and time
(B) Force, displacement and time. (B) [L1 M1 T1]
(C) Force and velocity (C) [L1 M1 T1]
(D) Force and displacement (D) [L1 M1 T1]
15
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

26. The dimensions of universal gas constant is 34. If X = 3YZ2 then the dimension of Y in MKS
[Pb PET 2003; AIIMS 2010] system, if X and Z are the dimension of
2 2 1
(A) [ML T ] (B) [M2LT2] capacity and magnetic field respectively is
3 1 1 [MP PMT 2003]
(C) [ML T ] (D) None of these
(A) [M3L2T4A1] (B) [M1L2]
27. The relation between force F and density d
(C) [M3L2T4A4] (D) [M3L2T8A4]
x
is F = . The dimensions of x are
d 35. If the time period (T) of vibration of a liquid
[MH CET 2014] drop depends on surface tension (S), radius (r)
(A) [L M T ] (B) [L1/ 2 M1/ 2 T 2 ]
1/ 2 3/ 2 2 of the drop and density () of the liquid, then
the expression of T is [AMU (Med.) 2000]
(C) [L1 M 3/2 T 2 ] (D) [L1 M1/ 2 T 2 ]
(A) T = k r 3 / S (B) T= k 1/ 2 r 3 / S
28. What is dimension of a in Van der Waals
equation? [MH CET 2005] (C) T = k r 3 / S1/ 2 (D) T = None of these
(A) [M L T mol ] (B) [M1L3T2mol2]
1 1 2 2
Z

(C) [M1L5T2mol2] (D) [M1L3T2mol1] 36. In the relation P = e k P is pressure, Z is

29. Let [0] denote the dimensional formula of
the permittivity of vacuum. If M = mass, the distance, k is Boltzmanns constant and
L = length, T = time and A = electric current, is the temperature. The dimensional formula
then [JEE (Main) 2013] of will be [IIT (Screening) 2004]
(A) [0] = [M1 L3 T2 A] 0 2 0
(A) [M L T ] (B) [M1L2T1]
(B) [0] = [M1 L3 T4 A2] (C) [M1L0T1] (D) [M0L2T1]
(C) [0] = [M1 L2 T1 A2]
(D) [0] = [M1 L2 T1 A] 1.7 Order of magnitude and significant figures

1 37. The number of significant figures in 0.002305

30. The dimension of E2, where 0 is is [Kerala PET 2010]
2 0
permittivity of free space and E is electric (A) 6 (B) 4
field, is [AIPMT 2010] (C) 7 (D) 2
(A) [L2M1T2] (B) [L1M1T2] 38. The respective number of significant figures
(C) [L2M1T2] (D) [L1M1T1] for the numbers 23.023, 0.0003 and 2.1 103
31. Dimensions of magnetic flux is are [AIEEE 2010]
[MH CET 2001] (A) 4, 4, 2 (B) 5, 1, 2
1 2 2
(A) [M L T A ] (B) [M1 L1 T2 A1]
1 (C) 5, 1, 5 (D) 5, 5, 2
(C) [M1 L1 T2 A1] (D) [M1 L2 T2 A1] 39. In an experiment the angles are required to be
32. The velocity v of a particle at time t is given measured using an instrument. 29 divisions of
the main scale exactly coincide with the 30
b
by v = at + , where a, b and c are divisions of the vernier scale. If the smallest
t+c division of the main scale is half-a-degree
constants. The dimensions of a, b and c are (=0.5) then the least count of the instrument
respectively [AIPMT 2006] is [AIEEE 2009]
(A) L, LT and T 2
(B) LT2, L and T (A) one minute (B) half minute
2 2
(C) L ,T and LT (D) LT2, LT and L (C) one degree (D) half degree
33. If E, M, J and G respectively denote energy, 40. A vernier callipers has 1 mm marks on the
mass, angular momentum and gravitational main scale. It has 20 equal divisions on the
EJ 2 Vernier scale which match with 16 main scale
constant, then 5 2 has the dimensions of
MG divisions. For this Vernier callipers, the least
[AIIMS 1985; IIT 1990] count is [IIT JEE 2010]
(A) length (B) angle (A) 0.02 m (B) 0.05 mm
(C) mass (D) time (C) 0.1 mm (D) 0.2 mm
16
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

41. The diameter of a cylinder is measured using a 1.8 Accuracy and errors in measurements
Vernier callipers with no zero error. It is found
that the zero of the Vernier scale lies between 46. Choose the INCORRECT statement out of the
5.10 cm and 5.15 cm of the main scale. The following. [AMU 2010]
Vernier scale has 50 divisions equivalent to (A) Every measurement by any measuring
2.45 cm. The 24th division of the Vernier instrument has some error.
scale exactly coincides with one of the main (B) Every calculated physical quantity that
scale divisions. The diameter of the cylinder is is based on measured values has some
[JEE (Advanced) 2013] error.
(A) 5.112 cm (B) 5.124 cm (C) A measurement can have more accuracy
(C) 5.136 cm (D) 5.148 cm but less precision and vice versa.
42. A student measured the length of a rod and (D) The percentage error is different from
wrote it as 3.50 cm. Which instrument did he relative error.
use to measure it? [JEE (Main) 2014] 47. Assertion: The error in the measurement of
(A) A meter scale radius of the sphere is 0.3%. The permissible
(B) A vernier calliper where the 10 divisions error in its surface area is 0.6%.
in vernier scale matches with 9 division Reason: The permissible error is calculated by
in main scale and main scale has A 4r
10 divisions in 1 cm the formula = [AIIMS 2008]
A r
(C) A screw gauge having 100 divisions in (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm is a correct explanation for Assertion
(D) A screw guage having 50 divisions in
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm
is not a correct explanation for Assertion
43. In a vernier callipers, one main scale division (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False
is x cm and n divisions of the vernier scale (D) Assertion is False, Reason is False.
coincide with (n 1) divisions of the main
scale. The least count (in cm) of the callipers 48. If radius of the sphere is (5.3 0.1) cm. Then
is [AMU PMT 2009] percentage error in its volume will be
n 1 nx [Pb PET 2000]
(A) x (B) 100 1 100
n (n 1) (A) 3 + 6.01 (B) 0.01
5.3 3 5.3
x x
(C) (D) 3 0.1 0.1
n (n 1) (C) 100 (D) 100
5.3 5.3
44. A screw guage gives the following reading
when used to measure the diameter of a wire. 49. Resistance of a given wire is obtained by
Main scale reading : 0 mm measuring the current flowing in it and the
Circular scale reading : 52 divisions voltage difference applied across it. If the
The diameter of wire from the above data is percentage errors in the measurement of the
[AIEEE 2011] current and the voltage difference are 3%
(A) 0.52 cm (B) 0.052 cm each, then error in the value of resistance of
(C) 0.026 cm (D) 0.005 cm the wire is [AIEEE 2012]
45. A spectrometer gives the following reading (A) 6% (B) Zero
when used to measure the angle of a prism. (C) 1% (D) 3%
Main scale reading : 58.5 degree 50. In an experiment four quantities a, b, c and d
Vernier scale reading : 09 divisions are measured with percentage error 1%, 2%,
Given that 1 division on main scale 3% and 4% respectively. Quantity P is
corresponds to 0.5 degree. Total divisions on calculated as follows:
the vernier scale is 30 and match with 29
a 3 b2
divisions of the main scale. The angle of the P= % error in P is [NEET UG 2013]
prism from the above data [AIEEE 2012] cd
(A) 58.59 degree (B) 58.77 degree (A) 14% (B) 10%
(C) 58.65 degree (D) 59 degree (C) 7% (D) 4%

17
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

51. Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw (C) due to the error in the measurement of l
gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main is twice that due to the error in the
scale. The total number of divisions on the measurement of d.
circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that the
(D) due to the error in the measurement of d
screw gauge has a zero error of 0.03 mm.
While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a is four times that due to the error in the
student notes the main scale reading of 3 mm measurement of l.
and the number of circular scale divisions in 55. Students I, II and III perform an experiment for
line with the main scale as 35. The diameter of
measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g)
the wire is [AIEEE 2008]
(A) 3.73 mm (B) 3.67 mm using a simple pendulum. They use different
(C) 3.38 mm (D) 3.32 mm lengths of the pendulum and/or record time for
different number of oscillations. The
52. The circular divisions of shown screw gauge
are 50. It moves 0.5 mm on main scale in one observations are shown in the table.
rotation. The diameter of the ball is Least count for length = 0.1 cm
[IIT JEE 2006] Least count for time = 0.1 s
O 10 O 30
5
25
20
Length of Total time
0 Number of Time
the for (n)
oscillation period
pendulum oscillations
(A) 2.25 mm (B) 2.20 mm (n) (s)
(cm) (s)
(C) 1.20 mm (D) 1.25 mm I 64.0 8 128.0 16.0
53. The density of a solid ball is to be determined II 64.0 4 64.0 16.0
in an experiment. The diameter of the ball is III 20.0 4 36.0 9.0
measured with a screw gauge, whose pitch is
0.5 mm and there are 50 divisions on the If EI, EII and EIII are the percentage errors in g,
circular scale. The reading on the main scale is g
2.5 mm and that on the circular scale is 20 i.e., 100 for students I, II and III,
divisions. If the measured mass of the ball has g
a relative error of 2%, the relative percentage respectively,
error in the density is [IIT JEE 2011] [IIT JEE 2008]
(A) 0.9% (B) 2.4% (A) EI = 0 (B) EI is minimum
(C) 3.1% (D) 4.2% (C) EI = EII (D) EII is maximum
54. In the determination of Youngs modulus Miscellaneous
4MLg
Y = by using Searles method, a wire 56. One femtometer is equivalent to [DCE 2004]
ld 2
of length L = 2 m and diameter d = 0.5 mm is (A) 1015 m (B) 1015 m
used. For a load M = 2.5 Kg, an extension l = (C) 1012 m (D) 1012 m
0.25mm in the length of the wire is observed.
Quantities d and l are measured using a screw 57. Which of the following units denotes the
gauge and a micrometer, respectively. They dimensions ML2/Q2 where Q denotes the
have the same pitch of 0.5 mm. The number electric charge? [AIEEE 2006]
of divisions on their circular scale is 100. The (A) henry (H) (B) H/m2
contributions to the maximum probable error (C) weber (Wb) (D) Wb/m2
of the Y measurement are
[IIT JEE 2012] 58. If force (F), velocity (V) and time (T) are
(A) due to the errors in the measurements of taken as fundamental units, then the
d and l are the same. dimensions of mass are [AIPMT 2014]
(B) due to the error in the measurement of d 1
(A) [F V T ] (B) [F V T2]
is twice that due to the error in the
measurement of l. (C) [F V1 T1] (D) [F V1 T]

18
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

Answer Key

Classical Thinking
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (B)
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (C) 17. (C) 18. (D) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (D) 24. (D) 25. (A) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (D) 29. (D) 30. (D)
31. (A) 32. (C) 33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (D) 36. (C) 37. (B) 38. (D) 39. (D) 40. (D)
41. (C) 42. (B) 43. (A) 44. (B) 45. (B) 46. (A) 47. (D) 48. (A) 49. (C) 50. (B)
51. (A) 52. (A) 53. (B) 54. (C) 55. (C) 56. (B) 57. (C) 58. (D)

Critical Thinking
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (B) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (A) 20. (C)
21. (A) 22. (C) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25. (C) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (B) 30. (B)
31. (A) 32. (B) 33. (C) 34. (B) 35. (A) 36. (B) 37. (A) 38. (D) 39. (D) 40. (C)
41. (C) 42. (C) 43. (B) 44. (B) 45. (A) 46. (D) 47. (D) 48. (B) 49. (D) 50. (C)
51. (B) 52. (C) 53. (B) 54. (C) 55. (A)

Competitive Thinking
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (C) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (B) 15. (D) 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (D) 19. (B) 20. (C)
21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (A) 24. (D) 25. (A) 26. (A) 27. (A) 28. (C) 29. (B) 30. (B)
31. (D) 32. (B) 33. (B) 34. (D) 35. (A) 36. (A) 37. (B) 38. (B) 39. (A) 40. (D)
41. (B) 42. (B) 43. (C) 44. (B) 45. (C) 46. (D) 47. (C) 48. (C) 49. (A) 50. (A)
51. (C) 52. (C) 53. (C) 54. (A) 55. (C) 56. (B) 57. (A) 58. (D)

Hints

Classical Thinking d
57. Percentage error = 100 %
d
13. Temperature is a fundamental quantity.
0.01
= 100 %
26. 1 dyne = 105 N, 1 cm2 = 104 m2 1.03
103 dyne/cm2 = 103 105/104 N/m2 = 0.97%
= 102 N/m2 Critical Thinking
OR
Using quick conversion for pressure, 1. Physical quantity (M)
1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 N/m2 = Numerical value (n) Unit (u)
103 dyne/cm2 = 103 0.1 = 102 N/m2 If physical quantity remains constant then
n 1/u n1u1 = n2u2.
19
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

2. Because in S.I. system, there are seven 1 2

16. Li = energy stored in an inductor
fundamental quantities. 2
mass pressure m (F / A) F V = [M1L2T2]
3. = =
density (m / V) A 17. The dimension of a quantity is independent of
changes in its magnitude.
F (A s)
= = F s = work
A 1
21. = c = velocity of light
00
m
6. mv = kg
sec mg M1 L1T 2
23. = 1 1 1 = [L1T1]
7. Curie = disintegration/second r L M T L1

8. Bxt is unitless. 24. From F = at + bt2

Unit of B is m1s1. M1LT1 2

F
a= = = [M1L1T3]
F L dyne 105 N t T1
9. Y= . = = = 0.1 N/m2
A L cm 2 104 m 2 M1L1T 2
F
10. Parallactic angle, = 57 b= 2 = = [M1L1T4]
t T

2

o
57 57
= = rad
60 60 180 25. F= a x
b = Radius of earth = 6.4 106 m F M1L1T 2
Distance of the moon from the earth, a= = = [M1L1/2T2]
x L
1/ 2

b 6.4 106 60 180

s= = bt2 = F
57
F
8
s = 3.86 10 m b= 2
t
11. Distance of sun from earth, s = 1.5 1011 m M1L1T 2
Angular diameter of sun, = = [M1L1T4]

T 2
1920 1920
= 1920 = = rad M1L1/ 2 T 2
60 60 3600 180 a
= = [L1/2 T2]
Diameter of sun, D = s b M1L1T 4
1920
= 1.5 1011 26. [M1L1T2] = [L2]a [L1T1]b [M1L3]c
3600 180
= [L2a] [LbTb] [McL3c]
D 1.4 109 m
= [Mc L2a + b 3c Tb]
12. Torque = [M1L2T2], Comparing powers of M, L and T,
Angular momentum = [M1L2T1] c = 1, 2a + b 3c = 1,
So mass and length have the same dimensions. b = 2
b=2
13. According to Poiseuilles formula, 2a + 2 3(1) = 1
Pr 4 2a = 2
=
8l (dV / dt) a=1
[M1L1T2 ][L4 ] 4 2 a x
[] = 1 3 1
= [M1L1T1] 27. Let T2 =
[L ][L / T ] G y Mz
15. [Dipole moment] = [M0L1T1A1] 42 being pure number is dimensionless.
[Electric flux] = [M1L3T3A1] [M 0 L1T 0 ]x
[M0L0T2] =
[Electric field] = [M1L1T3A1] [M1L3T2 ] y [M1L0 T 0 ]z

20
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

[M0L0T2] = [Lx] [M1L3T2]y [M1]z s

33. Acceleration due to gravity = g =
Comparing powers of M, L and T t2
y z = 0, g = [L1T2]
x 3y = 0 and a = 1, b = 2
2y = 2 1st system 2nd system
y=1 L1 = 1 cm L2 = 1 km
Substituting value of y, = 105 km
z = 1, x = 3 T2 = 1 min
1
4 2 a 3 T1 = 1 s = min
Thus, T2 = 60
GM a b 1 2
10 5 km 1 /60 min
28. T=PDS a b c n = L 1 T 1 = 980
L 2 T 2 1 km 1 min
[M0L0T1] = [M1L1T2]a [M1L3T0]b [M1L0T2]c 5
Comparing powers of M, L, T = 980 10 3600
a + b + c = 0, = 35.28 km min2
a 3b = 0 and 39. The number of significant figures in all of the
2a 2c = 1 given number is 4.
3 1
Solving, a = , b = and c = 1. 41. A vernier calliper has a least count 0.01 cm.
2 2 Hence measurement is accurate only upto
29. In the given wave equation x denotes three significant figures.
x 42. In multiplication or division, final result
displacement. Thus has dimensions of T.
v should retain the same number of significant
Hence from the principle of homogenity k has figures as there are in the original number with
dimensions of T. the least significant figures.
Area of rectangle = 6 12 = 72 m2
a t2
30. P= 20.17 + 21.23 + 20.79 + 22.07 + 21.78
bx 43. am =
a = [t2] = [T2] 5
T2 am = 21.21
P= a1 = 21.21 20.17= 1.04
bx
a2 = 21.21 21.23 = 0.02
T2 T
2
T 4
b= = = a3 = 0.42
Px M L T L1
1 1 2
M1 a4 = 0.86
M1 a5 = 0.57
a
= [T2] 4 = [M1T2] a1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + a 5
b T am =
5
31. By principle of dimensional homogeneity 1.04 + 0.02 + 0.42 + 0.86 + 0.57
= = 0.58
5
a
V 2 = [P]
d
45. Percentage error = 100 %
[a] = [P] [V2] = [M1L1T2] [L6] d
= [M1L5T2] 0.005
= 100 % = 25%
32. x y z
Let G c g p 0.020
Substituting dimensions, r 4
[M1L3T2]= [M0L1T1]x [M0L1T2]y [M1L1T2]z 46. 100 = 0.1% and V = r 3
Comparing powers of M, L, T r 3
1 = z, V
Percentage error in volume = %
x + y z = 3 and V
x 2y 2z = 2 3r
= = 0.3%
Solving, x = 0, y = 2 r
21
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

F F
47. P= = 2 Competitive Thinking
A l
so maximum error in pressure (P) 3. The van der Waals equation for n moles of
P F l the gas is,
100 = 100 + 2 100
P max F l n 2a
P + [V nb] = nRT
= 4% + 2 2% V2
= 8% Pressure Volume
correction correction
m 2v
48. Percentage error in K.E = + % F
m v V 2 FlV Fl 4
PV 2 A
a= 2 = = 2 = 2
= (0.75 + 2 1.85)% n n2 n n
= 4.45% Thus, S.I.Units of a is N m4/mol2.
49. Maximum possible error in measurement of
4. From Van der Waals equation,
L L T nb has dimensions of volume.
2
= +2 %
T L T V
= (0.1 + 2 3) % = 6.1% b=
n
42 l Thus, S.I. units of b is m3/mol.
50. T = 2 l / g T2 = 42l/g g =
T2 11. Energy = force distance, so if both are increased
1mm 0.1 by 4 times then energy will increase by 16 times.
% error in l = 100 = 100 = 0.1%
100cm 100
12. 1 dyne = 105 N and 1 cm = 102 m
1 0.1 1 dyne/cm = 103 N/m
and error in T = 100 = 0.05%
2 100 108 dyne/cm = 105 N/m
% error in g = % error in l + 2(% error in T)
= 0.1 + (2 0.05) = 0.2 % 13. RC is the time constant of RC circuit and
L
V l b h is the time constant of LR circuit. Hence,
51. 100 = + + 100% R
V l b h L
both RC and have the dimensions of time
0.02 0.01 0.02 R
= + + 100%
13.12 7.18 4.16 Alternate method:
= 0.77% coulomb
RC = ohm farad = ohm
I 2 Rt volt
52. H= volt coulomb coulomb
4.2 = =
H I R t ampere volt ampere
% Error, 100 = 2 + + %
H I R t = second = [T] and
= 2 2 + 1 + 1 = 6% L henry
=
53. [Energy] = [M1L2T2] R ohm
= [M1L1T1] [L1] [T1] ohm second
=
= P1A1/2T1 ohm
= second = [T]
54. Avogadro number (N) represents the number
of atoms in 1 gram mole of an element. i.e., it L
Both RC and have the dimensions of time.
has the dimensions of mole1. R
55. As the graph is a straight line , P Q, or 15. [ 0 L] = [C]
P 0 LV C V Q
P = Constant Q i.e., = constant. X= = = = Current
Q t t t

22
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

Gm1m 2 30. [0E2] = [0] [E]2

19. F=
r2 = [M1L3T4A2] [M1L1T3A1]2
Fr 2 = [M1L1T2A0]
G=
m1m 2 OR
M L T L
1 1 2 2 1
[G] = 2
0 E2 = u
2
M
where u is energy density and has dimensions
= [M1L3T2] [M1L1T2]
1 2 32. c = [T]
23. W= Kx
2 v [L1 T 1 ]
[W] a= =
[K] = 2 t [T1 ]
[x ] = [L1T2]
M1L2 T 2 b = v(t + c) = [L1T1] T1 = [L1]
= 2
L EJ 2 [M1L2 T 2 ][M1L2 T 1 ]2
1 2
= [M T ] 33. =
M 5G 2 [M1 ]5 [M 1L3T 2 ]2
24. Fv = [M0L0T0]
F = kv The dimensions of angle is [M0L0T0].
F M1L1T 2
k = = 1 1 = [M1L0T1] X [M 1L2 T 4 A 2 ]
v LT 34. Y= =
3Z2 [M1L0 T 2 A 1 ]2
PV M1L1T 2 L3 1 2 2 1 = [M3L2T8A4]
26. R = = = [M L T ]
T 35. Let T Sxryz
x [M0L0T1] = [M1L0T2]x [M0L1T0]y [M1L3T0]z
27. F= Comparing powers of M, L, T
d
x + z = 0,
[x] = [ F][ d ]
1/ 2
y 3z = 0 and
1/ 2
= M1L1T 2 M1L3T 0 2x = 1
1 3 1
= M 3/ 2 L1/ 2 T 2 Solving, x = , y = , z =
2 2 2
1/2 3/2 1/2
28. The van der Waals equation for n moles of Thus, T S r
the gas is, T = k (r 3 / S)1/ 2 = k r 3 / S
n 2a
P + [V nb] = nRT Z
V2 36. In the given equation, should be
Pressure Volume k
correction correction dimensionless,
F k
V 2
FlV Fl 4 =
PV 2
a= 2 = A 2 = 2 = 2 Z
n n n n [M1L2 T 2 K 1 K1 ]
Fl
4 [] =
[ a ] = 2 = [M1L5T2mol2] [L1 ]
n = [M1L1T2]
q1 q 2
29. 0 = And P =
4 Fr 2
1 1 2
A2 T2 [M L T ]
[0] = [] = = 1 1 2
(M1L1T 2 ) L2 P [M L T ]
= [M1 L3 T4 A2] [] = [M0L2T0]
23
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

39. 30 VSD = 29 MSD Least count = 1 M.S.D. 1 V.S.D.

29 nx nx + x
1 VSD = MSD =
30 n
L.C. = 1 MSD 1 VSD x
= cm.
29 n
= 1 MSD
30 1
1 44. Least count of screw gauge = mm
= 0.5 100
30 = 0.01 mm
= 1 minute Diameter = Main scale reading + (Divisions on
circular scale least count)
40. 20 VSD = 16 MSD
1 VSD = 0.8 MSD 1
= 0 + 52 = 0.52 mm
Least count = MSD VSD 100
= 1 mm 0.8 mm Diameter = 0.052 cm.
= 0.2 mm. 45. 30 VSD = 29 MSD
Main scale 29
1 VSD = MSD
0.8 mm 30
Least count of vernier = 1 M.S.D. 1 V.S.D.
0
1mm 29 0.5
= 0.5 0.5 =
30 30
0 10 Reading of vernier = M.S. reading
+ V.S. reading L.C.
41. For a given Vernier callipers, 0.5
= 58.5 + 9
1 MSD = 5.15 5.10 = 0.05 cm 30
2.45 = 58.65
1 VSD = 47. A = 4r2
50
A 2r
= 0.049 cm Fractional error =
A r
L.C = 1 MSD 1VSD
A
= 0.001 cm 100 = 2 0.3% = 0.6%
A
Thus, the reading = 5.10 + (0.001 24)
4 3
= 5.124 cm 48. Volume of sphere (V) = r
3
diameter of cylinder = 5.124 cm
r
% error in volume = 3 100
42. As per the question, the measured value is r
3.50 cm. Hence the least count must be 0.1
= 3 100
0.01 cm = 0.1 mm 5.3
For vernier scale, where the 10 divisions in
V R V I
vernier scale matches with 9 division in main 49. R= =
scale and main scale has 10 divisions in 1 cm I R V I
= 3+3
1 MSD = 1 mm and 9 MSD = 10 VSD, = 6%
Least count = 1 MSD 1 VSD = 0.1 mm
Hence, correct option is (B). a 3b2
50. Given that: P =
cd
43. One main scale division, 1 M.S.D. = x cm a
One vernier scale division, error contributed by a = 3 100
a
(n 1) x
1 V.S.D. = = 3 1%
n = 3%
24
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

b 54. Least count of both instrument

error contributed by b = 2 100 0.5
b d = l = mm
= 2 2% 100
= 4% = 5 103mm
c 4MLg
error contributed by c = 100 = 3% Y=
c ld 2
d Y l d
error contributed by d = 100 = 4% = +2
d
Y max l d
Percentage error in P is given as, l
p Error due to l measurement
100 = (error contributed by a)+(error l
p
0.5 /100mm
contributed by b) + (error contributed by c) =
0.25mm
+ (error contributed by d)
= 3% + 4% + 3% + 4% = 2%
= 14% Error due to d measurement,
0.5
Pitch 2
51. Least count = d 100
No.of div.in circular scale 2 =
d 0.5mm
0.5
= = 0.01 mm 0.5 / 100
50 =
0.25
Actual reading = 0.01 35 + 3 = 2%
= 3.35 mm
Taking error into consideration 4 2l
= 3.35 + 0.03 55. g=
T2
= 3.38 mm. g
% error in g = 100
0.5 g
52. Zero error = 5 = 0.05 mm
50 l T
Actual measurement = 100 + 2 100
l T
0.5
= 2 0.5 mm + 25 0.05 mm 0.1 0.1
50 EI = 100 + 2 100 = 1.406%
= 1 mm + 0.25 mm 0.05 mm 64 16
= 1.20 mm 0.1 0.1
EII = 100 + 2 100 = 1.406%
0.5 64 16
53. Least count = = 0.01 mm 0.1 0.1
50 100 + 2
EIII = 100 = 2.72%
Diameter of ball D = 2.5 mm + (20) (0.01) 20 9
D = 2.7 mm
ML2 M1L2
=
M
=
M 57. = = M1L2T2A2
V 4 D 3 Q2 (A1T1 ) 2
These are the dimensions of unit Henry.
3 2
M D mv
+3 58. F = ma =
= t
max M D
Ft
0.01 m=
v
= 2% + 3 2.7 100%
max Ft
[m] =
v
= 3.1%
= [F1 V1 T1]

25
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

Evaluation Test

1. When dimensions of a given physical quantity 6. Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw
are given, the physical quantity is unique. gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main
(A) The statement and its converse both are scale. The total number of divisions on the
true. circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that the
(B) The statement and its converse both are screw gauge has a zero error of 0.02 mm.
false. While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a
(C) The statement is false but its converse is student notes the main scale reading of 4 mm
true. and the number of circular scale divisions in
(D) The statement is true but its converse is line with the main scale as 37. The diameter of
false. the wire is
(A) 4.37 mm (B) 4.39 mm
2. Two quantities A and B are related by the (C) 4.74 mm (D) 4.76 mm
A
relation = m, where m is linear mass 7. The potential energy U of a particle varies
B
with distance x from a fixed origin as
density and A is force. The dimensions of B
will be same as that of A x
U= 2 where A and B are dimensional
(A) latent heat (B) pressure x +B
(C) work (D) momentum constants. The dimensional formula for AB is
3. The readings of a constant potential difference (A) [M1L7/2T2] (B) [M1L11/2T2]
1 5/2 2
are noted four times by a student. The student (C) [M L T ] (D) [M1L9/2T2]
averages these readings but does not take into 8. Assertion: The number 37800 has three
account the zero error of the voltmeter. The significant digits.
average measurement of the potential Reason: All non-zero digits are significant.
difference is (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
is a correct explanation for Assertion.
Reading 1 1.176 V
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
Reading 2 1.178 V
is not a correct explanation for Assertion.
Reading 3 1.177 V (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
Reading 4 1.176 V (D) Assertion is False but, Reason is False.
(A) precise and accurate. C
(B) precise but not accurate. 9. If A = B + , the dimensions of B and C
D+E
(C) accurate but not precise.
(D) not accurate and not precise. are [M0LT1] and [M0LT0], respectively. Find
the dimensions of A, D and E.
4. The rad is the correct unit used to report the (A) A = [M0L0T1], D = [T], E = [LT]
measurement of (B) A = [MLT0], D = [T2], E = [T2]
(A) the rate of decay of radioactive source. (C) A = [M0LT1], D = [MT], E = [MT]
(B) the ability of a beam of gamma ray (D) A = [M0LT1], D = [T], E = [T]
hotons to produce ions in a target.
(C) the energy delivered by radiation to a 10. In the measurement of a physical quantity
target. A2B
X = 1/3 3 . The percentage errors introduced
(D) the biological effect of radiation. C D
in the measurements of the quantities A, B, C
5. The dimensions of capacitance in M, L, T and
and D are 1%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively.
C (Coulomb) is given as
Then the minimum amount of percentage of
(A) [M1L2T2C2] error in the measurement of X is contributed
(B) [L2T2C2] by
(C) [M1L2T2C2] (A) A (B) B
(D) [M1L2T2C2] (C) C (D) D
26
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 01: Measurements

11. If E = energy, G = gravitational constant, 17. The jaws of a vernier callipers touch the inner
I = impulse and M = mass, the dimension wall of calorimeter without any undue
GI 2 M pressure. The position of zero of vernier scale
is same as that of on the main scale reads 3.48. The 6th of
E2
vernier scale division is coinciding with any
(A) spring constant
main scale division. Vernier constant of
(B) wavelength callipers is 0.01 cm. Find actual internal
(C) energy gradient diameter of calorimeter, when it is observed
(D) Rydberg constant that the vernier scale has a zero error of
0.03 cm.
12. Choose the incorrect statement:
(A) 3.37 cm (B) 3.57 cm
(A) A dimensionally correct equation may
(C) 3.42 cm (D) 3.54 cm
be correct.
(B) A dimensionally correct equation may 18. The thin metallic strip of vernier callipers
be incorrect. moves downward from top to bottom in such a
(C) A dimensionally incorrect equation must way that it just touches the surface of beaker.
be incorrect. Main scale reading of calliper is 6.4 cm
(D) A dimensionally incorrect equation may whereas its vernier constant is 0.1 mm. The 4th
be correct. of vernier scale division is coinciding with
main scale division. The actual depth of
13. The radius of a ball is (6.2 0.4) cm. The beaker in mm is (when zero of vernier
percentage error in the volume of the ball is coincides with zero of main scale)
(A) 11% (B) 4% (A) 6.64 cm (B) 6.42 cm
(C) 19% (D) 9% (C) 6.44 cm (D) 6.13 cm

14. The number of particles crossing the unit area Answers to Evaluation Test
perpendicular to the z-axis per unit time is
n n1 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (D)
given by N = D 2 where n1 and n2
z 2 z1 5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (B)
are the numbers of particles per unit volume at 9. (D) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (D)
z1 and z2 respectively along z-axis. What is the 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (A) 16. (D)
dimensional formula for the diffusion constant 17. (B) 18. (C)
D?
(A) [M0L1T2]
(B) [M0L2T4]
(C) [M0L1T3]
(D) [M0L2T1]
15. When a screw gauge is completely closed, zero
of circular scale is 4 divisions above the
reference line of graduation. If L.C. of screw
gauge is 103 cm, the zero error is
(A) 4 103 cm
(B) + 4 103 cm
(C) 0.004 mm
(D) + 0.004 mm
16. Which of the following is not dimensionless?
(A) Relative refractive index
(B) Relative permittivity
(C) Relative density
(D) Relative velocity
27