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Oscillation is an important topic from JEE Main / IIT JEE Advanced Exam Point of view. Some
questions can be asked directly. Thus, it is very important to have a clear cut on this topic. This study
notes on Oscillation will help you in revising the topic before the JEE Main & IIT JEE Advanced Exam.

Oscillations
Periodic and Oscillatory Motion
▪ Periodic Motion- Periodic motion of a body is that motion which is repeated identically after a fixed
interval of time.

Example- The revolution of the planet around the sun in the solar system is periodic motion.

The motion of hands of a clock is a periodic motion.

• Oscillatory or Vibratory motion- Oscillatory motion is that motion in which a body moves to and fro or
back and forth repeatedly about a fixed point (called mean position), in a definite interval of time.

In such a motion, the body is confined within well-defined limits (called extreme positions) on
either side of the mean position. Thus, a periodic and bounded motion of a body about a fixed
point is called an oscillatory or vibratory motion.

Period and Frequency

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Motion in a straight line is an important topic from NEET Exam Point of view. This short notes on
Motion in a straight line will help you in revising the topic before the NEET Exam.

Motion in a Straight Line

e.g. In the above image, the position of point A from the reference point is,

Motion- An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position with time, with respect to its
surroundings.

Motion of the object can be represented by the position-time graph. The position-time graph helps to
analyse the motion of an object.

Uniform Motion

If an object is moving along the straight line covers equal distances in equal interval of time, then the
motion is known as uniform motion.

Non- Uniform Motion

If an object covers unequal distances in equal interval or equal distance in unequal time interval, then it
is known as non-uniform motion.

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Distance- The length of the actual path between initial and terminal position of a particle in an interval
of time is called distance covered by the particle. Distance is also known as the path length.

i) Distance is a scalar quantity.

ii) It never reduces with time.

iii) The distance covered by the object can’t be negative.

iv) SI unit of distance is metre (m).

v) The dimension of the distance is [MoL1To]

Distance-time graph- The gradient of the distance-time graph represents the speed of the object.

Displacement- The difference between the final and initial position is called displacement.

i) Displacement is a vector quantity.

ii) Displacement of the object changes with time.

iii) Displacement of the object can be negative, positive or zero.

iv) SI unit of displacement is metre (m).

v) The dimension of the distance is [MoL1To]

Displacement-time graph- The gradient of displacement time graph represents the velocity.

Speed– Speed of an object is the ratio of distance travelled by the object to the time taken.

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i) Speed is a scalar quantity.

ii) SI unit of speed is m/s.

iii) The dimension of the speed is [MoLT-1]

iv) The speed of an object can’t be negative.

Types of Speed

Uniform speed- An object is said to be moving with a uniform speed if it covers the equal distance in
equal intervals of time.

Non-Uniform speed- An object is said to be non-uniform speed if it covers the equal distance in the
unequal time interval or unequal distance in the equal time interval.

Average speed- The ratio of total path length travelled divided by the total time interval during the
motion is known as the average speed of the object.

Average speed =

Instantaneous speed- The speed of the body at any instant of time or at a position is called
instantaneous speed.

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Instantaneous speed =

Velocity- Velocity of an object is the ratio of displacement to the total time taken by the object.

i) Velocity is a vector quantity.

ii) SI unit of velocity is m/s.

iii) Dimension of the velocity is [MoLT-1]

iv) Velocity of an object can be zero, negative, or positive.

Types of Velocity

Uniform velocity- An object is said to be moving with a uniform velocity if it covers the equal distance
in equal intervals of time.

Non-Uniform velocity- An object is said to be non-uniform velocity if it covers equal distance in

Average velocity- The ratio of total path length travelled divided by the total time interval during the
motion is known as the average velocity of the object.

Average velocity =

Instantaneous velocity- The velocity of the body at any instant of time or at a position is called
instantaneous velocity.

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Instantaneous velocity =

Acceleration- The rate of change in velocity of an object is known as the acceleration of the object.

Acceleration

i) Acceleration is a vector quantity.

ii) SI unit of acceleration is m/s2.

iii) The dimension of the acceleration is [MoLT-2]

iv) Acceleration of an object can be zero, negative, or positive.

Types of Acceleration

Uniform Acceleration- A body is said to have uniform acceleration if magnitude and direction of the
acceleration both remains constant during motion.

Non-Uniform Acceleration- A body is said to have non-uniform acceleration if magnitude and

Equation of motion for a uniformly accelerated motion

, where v is the final velocity, u is initial velocity, a is the acceleration and t is the time
taken during the motion.

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, where v is the final velocity, u is initial velocity, a is the acceleration and s is the
distance travelled by object during the motion.

, u is initial velocity, a is the acceleration, t is the time taken and s is the distance
travelled by object during the motion.

, u is initial velocity, a is the acceleration, is the distance covered by the

Equation of motion for a free-falling body under gravity

v = u + gt, where v is the final velocity, u is initial velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity and t is
the time taken during the motion.

v2 + u2 = 2gh, where v is the final velocity, u is initial velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity and h
is the height covered by object.

, u is initial velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, t is the time taken and h is the
height covered by object.

, u is initial velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, hn is the height covered

Relative Velocity

Consider two object X and Y are moving uniformly with velocities vx and vy in one dimension.

Velocity of object Y relative to object X is, |vYX = vY - vX|

Velocity of object X relative to object Y is, |vXY = vX - vY|

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