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Exercise A, Question 1

Question:

Simplify this expression:

4x 5y + 3x + 6y

Solution:

4x 5y + 3x + 6y
= 4x + 3x 5y + 6y
= 7x + y

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Exercise A, Question 2

Question:

Simplify this expression:

3r + 7t 5r + 3t

Solution:

3r + 7t 5r + 3t
= 3r 5r + 7t + 3t
= 2r + 10t

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Exercise A, Question 3

Question:

Simplify this expression:

3m 2n p + 5m + 3n 6p

Solution:

3m 2n p + 5m + 3n 6p
= 3m + 5m 2n + 3n p 6p
= 8m + n 7p

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Exercise A, Question 4

Question:

Simplify this expression:

3ab 3ac + 3a 7ab + 5ac

Solution:

3ab 3ac + 3a 7ab + 5ac

= 3ab 7ab 3ac + 5ac + 3a
= 3a 4ab + 2ac

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Exercise A, Question 5

Question:

Simplify this expression:

7x2 2x2 + 5x2 4x2

Solution:

7x2 2x2 + 5x2 4x2

= 6x2

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Exercise A, Question 6

Question:

Simplify this expression:

4m2n + 5mn2 2m2n + mn2 3mn2

Solution:

4m2n + 5mn2 2m2n + mn2 3mn2

= 4m2n 2m2n + 5mn2 + mn2 3mn2
= 2m2n + 3mn2

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Exercise A, Question 7

Question:

Simplify this expression:

5x2 + 4x + 1 3x2 + 2x + 7

Solution:

5x2 + 4x + 1 3x2 + 2x + 7
= 5x2 3x2 + 4x + 2x + 1 + 7
= 2x2 + 6x + 8

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Exercise A, Question 8

Question:

Simplify this expression:

6x2 + 5x 12 + 3x2 7x + 11

Solution:

6x2 + 5x 12 + 3x2 7x + 11
= 6x2 + 3x2 + 5x 7x 12 + 11
= 9x2 2x 1

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Exercise A, Question 9

Question:

Simplify this expression:

3x2 5x + 2 + 3x2 7x 12

Solution:

3x2 5x + 2 + 3x2 7x 12
= 3x2 + 3x2 5x 7x + 2 12
= 6x2 12x 10

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Exercise A, Question 10

Question:

Simplify this expression:

4c2d + 5cd2 c2d + 3cd2 + 7c2d

Solution:

4c2d + 5cd2 c2d + 3cd2 + 7c2d

= 4c2d c2d + 7c2d + 5cd2 + 3cd2
= 10c2d + 8cd2

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Exercise A, Question 11

Question:

Simplify this expression:

2x2 + 3x + 1 + 2 ( 3x2 + 6 )

Solution:

2x2 + 3x + 1 + 2 ( 3x2 + 6 )
= 2x2 + 3x + 1 + 6x2 + 12
= 8x2 + 3x + 13

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Exercise A, Question 12

Question:

Simplify this expression:

4 ( a + a2b ) 3 ( 2a + a2b )

Solution:

4 ( a + a2b ) 3 ( 2a + a2b )
= 4a + 4a2b 6a 3a2b
= a2b 2a

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Exercise A, Question 13

Question:

Simplify this expression:

2 ( 3x2 + 4x + 5 ) 3 ( x2 2x 3 )

Solution:

2 ( 3x2 + 4x + 5 ) 3 ( x2 2x 3 )
= 6x2 + 8x + 10 3x2 + 6x + 9
= 3x2 + 14x + 19

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Exercise A, Question 14

Question:

Simplify this expression:

7 ( 1 x2 ) + 3 ( 2 3x + 5x2 )

Solution:

7 ( 1 x2 ) + 3 ( 2 3x + 5x2 )
= 7 7x2 + 6 9x + 15x2
= 8x2 9x + 13

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Exercise A, Question 15

Question:

Simplify this expression:

4 ( a + b + 3c ) 3a + 2c

Solution:

4 ( a + b + 3c ) 3a + 2c
= 4a + 4b + 12c 3a + 2c
= a + 4b + 14c

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Exercise A, Question 16

Question:

Simplify this expression:

4 ( c + 3d2 ) 3 ( 2c + d2 )

Solution:

4 ( c + 3d2 ) 3 ( 2c + d2 )
= 4c + 12d2 6c 3d2
= 2c + 9d2

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Exercise A, Question 17

Question:

Simplify this expression:

5 3 ( x2 + 2x 5 ) + 3x2

Solution:

5 3 ( x2 + 2x 5 ) + 3x2
= 5 3x2 6x + 15 + 3x2
= 20 6x

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Exercise A, Question 18

Question:

Simplify this expression:

( r2 + 3t2 + 9 ) ( 2r2 + 3t2 4 )

Solution:

( r2 + 3t2 + 9 ) ( 2r2 + 3t2 4 )

= r2 + 3t2 + 9 2r2 3t2 + 4
= 13 r2

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Exercise B, Question 1

Question:

Simplify this expression:

x3 x4

Solution:

= x3 + 4
= x7

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Exercise B, Question 2

Question:

Simplify this expression:

2x3 3x2

Solution:

= 2 3 x3 + 2
= 6x5

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Exercise B, Question 3

Question:

Simplify this expression:

4p3 2p

Solution:

= 4 2 p3 p
= 2 p3 1
= 2p2

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Exercise B, Question 4

Question:

Simplify this expression:

3x 4 x 2

Solution:

= 3x 4 2

= 3x 2

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Exercise B, Question 5

Question:

Simplify this expression:

k3 k 2

Solution:

= k3 2

= k5

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Exercise B, Question 6

Question:

Simplify this expression:

( y2 ) 5

Solution:

= y2 5
= y10

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Exercise B, Question 7

Question:

Simplify this expression:

10x5 2x 3

Solution:

= 5x5 3

= 5x8

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Exercise B, Question 8

Question:

Simplify this expression:

( p3 ) 2 p4

Solution:

= p6 p4
= p6 4
= p2

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Exercise B, Question 9

Question:

Simplify this expression:

( 2a3 ) 2 2a3

Solution:

= 4a6 2a3
= 2a6 3
= 2a3

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Exercise B, Question 10

Question:

Simplify this expression:

8p 4 4p3

Solution:

= 2p 4 3
= 2p 7

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Exercise B, Question 11

Question:

Simplify this expression:

2a 4 3a 5

Solution:

= 6a 4 + 5

= 6a 9

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Exercise B, Question 12

Question:

Simplify this expression:

21a3b2 7ab4

Solution:

= 3a3 1b2 4
= 3a2b 2

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Exercise B, Question 13

Question:

Simplify this expression:

9x2 3 ( x2 ) 3

Solution:

= 27x2 x2 3
= 27x2 + 6
= 27x8

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Exercise B, Question 14

Question:

Simplify this expression:

3x3 2x2 4x6

Solution:

= 24 x3 + 2 + 6
= 24x11

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Exercise B, Question 15

Question:

Simplify this expression:

7a4 ( 3a4 ) 2

Solution:

= 7a4 9a8
= 63a12

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Exercise B, Question 16

Question:

Simplify this expression:

( 4y3 ) 3 2y3

Solution:

= 64y9 2y3
= 32y6

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Exercise B, Question 17

Question:

Simplify this expression:

2a3 3a2 6a5

Solution:

= 4a3 2 + 5
= 4a6

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Exercise B, Question 18

Question:

Simplify this expression:

3a4 2a5 a3

Solution:

= 6a4 + 5 + 3
= 6a12

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Exercise C, Question 1

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

9(x2)

Solution:

= 9x 18

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Exercise C, Question 2

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

x(x+9)

Solution:

= x2 + 9x

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Exercise C, Question 3

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

3y ( 4 3y )

Solution:

= 12y + 9y2

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Exercise C, Question 4

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

x(y+5)

Solution:

= xy + 5x

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Exercise C, Question 5

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

x ( 3x + 5 )

Solution:

= 3x2 5x

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Exercise C, Question 6

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

5x ( 4x + 1 )

Solution:

= 20x2 5x

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Exercise C, Question 7

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

( 4x + 5 ) x

Solution:

= 4x2 + 5x

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Exercise C, Question 8

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

3y ( 5 2y2 )

Solution:

= 15y + 6y3

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Exercise C, Question 9

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

2x ( 5x 4 )

Solution:

= 10x2 + 8x

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Exercise C, Question 10

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

( 3x 5 ) x2

Solution:

= 3x3 5x2

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Exercise C, Question 11

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

3(x+2) + (x7)

Solution:

= 3x + 6 + x 7
= 4x 1

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Exercise C, Question 12

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

5x 6 ( 3x 2 )

Solution:

= 5x 6 3x + 2
= 2x 4

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Exercise C, Question 13

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

x ( 3x2 2x + 5 )

Solution:

= 3x3 2x2 + 5x

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Exercise C, Question 14

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

7y2 ( 2 5y + 3y2 )

Solution:

= 14y2 35y3 + 21y4

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Exercise C, Question 15

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

2y2 ( 5 7y + 3y2 )

Solution:

= 10y2 + 14y3 6y4

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Exercise C, Question 16

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

7(x2) +3(x+4) 6(x2)

Solution:

= 7x 14 + 3x + 12 6x + 12
= 4x + 10

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Exercise C, Question 17

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

5x 3 ( 4 2x ) + 6

Solution:

= 5x 12 + 6x + 6
= 11x 6

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Exercise C, Question 18

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

3x2 x ( 3 4x ) + 7

Solution:

= 3x2 3x + 4x2 + 7
= 7x2 3x + 7

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Exercise C, Question 19

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

4x ( x + 3 ) 2x ( 3x 7 )

Solution:

= 4x2 + 12x 6x2 + 14x

= 26x 2x2

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Exercise C, Question 20

Question:

Expand and simplify if possible:

3x2 ( 2x + 1 ) 5x2 ( 3x 4 )

Solution:

= 6x3 + 3x2 15x3 + 20x2

= 23x2 9x3

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Exercise D, Question 1

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

4x + 8

Solution:

=4(x+2)

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Exercise D, Question 2

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

6x 24

Solution:

=6(x4)

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Exercise D, Question 3

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

20x + 15

Solution:

= 5 ( 4x + 3 )

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Exercise D, Question 4

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

2x2 + 4

Solution:

= 2 ( x2 + 2 )

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Exercise D, Question 5

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

4x2 + 20

Solution:

= 4 ( x2 + 5 )

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Exercise D, Question 6

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

6x2 18x

Solution:

= 6x ( x 3 )

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Exercise D, Question 7

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

x2 7x

Solution:

=x(x7)

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Exercise D, Question 8

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

2x2 + 4x

Solution:

= 2x ( x + 2 )

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Exercise D, Question 9

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

3x2 x

Solution:

= x ( 3x 1 )

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Exercise D, Question 10

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

6x2 2x

Solution:

= 2x ( 3x 1 )

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Exercise D, Question 11

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

10y2 5y

Solution:

= 5y ( 2y 1 )

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Exercise D, Question 12

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

35x2 28x

Solution:

= 7x ( 5x 4 )

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Exercise D, Question 13

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

x2 + 2x

Solution:

=x(x+2)

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Exercise D, Question 14

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

3y2 + 2y

Solution:

= y ( 3y + 2 )

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Exercise D, Question 15

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

4x2 + 12x

Solution:

= 4x ( x + 3 )

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Exercise D, Question 16

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

5y2 20y

Solution:

= 5y ( y 4 )

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Exercise D, Question 17

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

9xy2 + 12x2y

Solution:

= 3xy ( 3y + 4x )

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Exercise D, Question 18

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

6ab 2ab2

Solution:

= 2ab ( 3 b )

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Exercise D, Question 19

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

5x2 25xy

Solution:

= 5x ( x 5y )

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Exercise D, Question 20

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

12x2y + 8xy2

Solution:

= 4xy ( 3x + 2y )

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Exercise D, Question 21

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

15y 20yz2

Solution:

= 5y ( 3 4z2 )

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Exercise D, Question 22

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

12x2 30

Solution:

= 6 ( 2x2 5 )

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Exercise D, Question 23

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

xy2 x2y

Solution:

= xy ( y x )

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Exercise D, Question 24

Question:

Factorise this expression completely:

12y2 4yx

Solution:

= 4y ( 3y x )

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Exercise E, Question 1

Question:

Factorise:

x2 + 4x

Solution:

=x(x+4)

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Exercise E, Question 2

Question:

Factorise:

2x2 + 6x

Solution:

= 2x ( x + 3 )

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Exercise E, Question 3

Question:

Factorise:

x2 + 11x + 24

Solution:

= x2 + 8x + 3x + 24
=x(x+8) +3(x+8)
= (x+8) (x+3)

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 4

Question:

Factorise:

x2 + 8x + 12

Solution:

= x2 + 2x + 6x + 12
=x(x+2) +6(x+2)
= (x+2) (x+6)

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 5

Question:

Factorise:

x2 + 3x 40

Solution:

= x2 + 8x 5x 40
=x(x+8) 5(x+8)
= (x+8) (x5)

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 6

Question:

Factorise:

x2 8x + 12

Solution:

= x2 2x 6x + 12
=x(x2) 6(x2)
= (x2) (x6)

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 7

Question:

Factorise:

x2 + 5x + 6

Solution:

= x2 + 3x + 2x + 6
=x(x+3) +2(x+3)
= (x+3) (x+2)

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 8

Question:

Factorise:

x2 2x 24

Solution:

= x2 6x + 4x 24
=x(x6) +4(x6)
= (x6) (x+4)

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 9

Question:

Factorise:

x2 3x 10

Solution:

= x2 5x + 2x 10
=x(x5) +2(x5)
= (x5) (x+2)

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 10

Question:

Factorise:

x2 + x 20

Solution:

= x2 4x + 5x 20
=x(x4) +5(x4)
= (x4) (x+5)

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Exercise E, Question 11

Question:

Factorise:

2x2 + 5x + 2

Solution:

= 2x2 + x + 4x + 2
= x ( 2x + 1 ) + 2 ( 2x + 1 )
= ( 2x + 1 ) ( x + 2 )

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Exercise E, Question 12

Question:

Factorise:

3x2 + 10x 8

Solution:

= 3x2 2x + 12x 8
= x ( 3x 2 ) + 4 ( 3x 2 )
= ( 3x 2 ) ( x + 4 )

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Exercise E, Question 13

Question:

Factorise:

5x2 16x + 3

Solution:

= 5x2 15x x + 3
= 5x ( x 3 ) ( x 3 )
= ( x 3 ) ( 5x 1 )

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Exercise E, Question 14

Question:

Factorise:

6x2 8x 8

Solution:

= 6x2 12x + 4x 8
= 6x ( x 2 ) + 4 ( x 2 )
= ( x 2 ) ( 6x + 4 ) = 2 ( x 2 ) ( 3x + 2 )

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Exercise E, Question 15

Question:

Factorise:

2x2 + 7x 15

Solution:

= 2x2 + 10x 3x 15
= 2x ( x + 5 ) 3 ( x + 5 )
= ( x + 5 ) ( 2x 3 )

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Exercise E, Question 16

Question:

Factorise:

2x4 + 14x2 + 24

Solution:

= 2y2 + 14y + 24
= 2y2 + 6y + 8y + 24
= 2y ( y + 3 ) + 8 ( y + 3 )
= ( y + 3 ) ( 2y + 8 )
= ( x2 + 3 ) ( 2x2 + 8 ) = 2 ( x2 + 3 ) ( x2 + 4 )

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Exercise E, Question 17

Question:

Factorise:

x2 4

Solution:

= x2 2 2
= (x+2) (x2)

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Exercise E, Question 18

Question:

Factorise:

x2 49

Solution:

= x2 7 2
= (x+7) (x7)

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Exercise E, Question 19

Question:

Factorise:

4x2 25

Solution:

= ( 2x ) 2 52
= ( 2x + 5 ) ( 2x 5 )

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Exercise E, Question 20

Question:

Factorise:

9x2 25y2

Solution:

= ( 3x ) 2 ( 5y ) 2
= ( 3x + 5y ) ( 3x 5y )

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 21

Question:

Factorise:

36x2 4

Solution:

= 4 ( 9x2 1 )
= 4 [ ( 3x ) 2 1 ]
= 4 ( 3x + 1 ) ( 3x 1 )

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Algebra and functions
Exercise E, Question 22

Question:

Factorise:

2x2 50

Solution:

= 2 ( x2 25 )
= 2 ( x2 52 )
=2(x+5) (x5)

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Exercise E, Question 23

Question:

Factorise:

6x2 10x + 4

Solution:

= 2 ( 3x2 5x + 2 )
= 2 ( 3x2 3x 2x + 2 )
= 2 [ 3x ( x 1 ) 2 ( x 1 ) ]
= 2 ( x 1 ) ( 3x 2 )

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Exercise E, Question 24

Question:

Factorise:

15x2 + 42x 9

Solution:

= 3 ( 5x2 + 14x 3 )
= 3 ( 5x2 x + 15x 3 )
= 3 [ x ( 5x 1 ) + 3 ( 5x 1 ) ]
= 3 ( 5x 1 ) ( x + 3 )

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Exercise F, Question 1

Question:

Factorise:

Simplify:

(a) x3 x 2

(b) x5 x7

3 5
(c) x 2 x 2

3
(d) ( x2 ) 2

5
(e) ( x3 ) 3

(f) 3x0.5 4x 0.5

2 1
(g) 9x 3 3x 6

2 2
(h) 5x1 5 x 5

(i) 3x4 2x 5

Solution:

(a) = x3 2

= x5

(b) = x5 7
= x2

3 5
(c) = x 2 + 2

= x4

3
(d) = x2 2

= x3

5
(e) = x3 3

= x5

(f) = 12x0.5 + 0.5

= 12x0

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= 12

2 1
(g) = 3x 3 6

1
= 3x 2

2 2
(h) = 5x1 5 5

= 5x

(i) = 6x4 + 5

= 6x 1

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Exercise F, Question 2

Question:

Factorise:

Evaluate:

1
(a) 25 2

1
(b) 81 2

1
(c) 27 3

(d) 4 2

1
(e) 9 2

(f) ( 5 ) 3

(g)
3 0
4

1
(h) 1296 4

(i)
1
9 3
2
16

(j)
27 2
3
8

(k)
6 1
5

(l)
343
2
3

512

Solution:

(a) = 25
= 5

(b) = 81

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= 9

(c) = 3\ 27
=3

1
(d) =
42
1
= 16

1
(e) =
1
9 2

1
= 9

1
= 3

1
(f) =
( 5) 3
1
= 125

(g) = 1

(h) = 4\ 1296
= 6

(i) =
25 3
2
16

( 25 ) 3
= ( 16 ) 3

53
= 43

125
= 64

( 3\ 27 ) 2
(j) = ( 3\ 8 ) 2

(3) 2
= (2) 2

9
= 4

(k) =
5 1
6

5
= 6

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( 3\ 512 ) 2
(l) ( 3\ 343 ) 2

(8) 2
= (7) 2

64
= 49

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Exercise G, Question 1

Question:

Simplify:

28

Solution:

= 4 7
=27

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Exercise G, Question 2

Question:

Simplify:

72

Solution:

= 8 9
= 2 4 9
= 223
= 62

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Exercise G, Question 3

Question:

Simplify:

50

Solution:

= 25 2
=52

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Exercise G, Question 4

Question:

Simplify:

32

Solution:

= 16 2
=42

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Exercise G, Question 5

Question:

Simplify:

90

Solution:

= 9 10
= 3 10

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Exercise G, Question 6

Question:

Simplify:

12
2

Solution:

4 3
= 2

2 3
= 2

= 3

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 7

Question:

Simplify:

27
3

Solution:

9 3
= 3

3 3
= 3

= 3

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 8

Question:

Simplify:

20 + 80

Solution:

= 4 5 + 16 5
=25+45
=65

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 9

Question:

Simplify:

200 + 18 72

Solution:

= 100 2 + 9 2 9 4 2
= 10 2 + 3 2 6 2
=72

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 10

Question:

Simplify:

175 + 63 + 2 28

Solution:

= 25 7 + 9 7 + 2 4 7
=57+37+47
= 12 7

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 11

Question:

Simplify:

1 28 2 63 + 7

Solution:

= 47297+ 7
=2767+ 7
= 37

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 12

Question:

Simplify:

80 2 20 + 3 45

Solution:

= 16 5 2 4 5 + 3 9 5
=4545+95
=95

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 13

Question:

Simplify:

3 80 2 20 + 5 45

Solution:

= 3 16 5 2 4 5 + 5 9 5
= 12 5 4 5 + 15 5
= 23 5

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 14

Question:

Simplify:

44
11

Solution:

4 11
= 11

=2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise G, Question 15

Question:

Simplify:

12 + 3 48 + 75

Solution:

= 4 3 + 3 16 3 + 25 3
= 2 3 + 12 3 + 5 3
= 19 3

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 1

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

1
5

Solution:

1 5
= 5 5

5
= 5

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 2

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

1
11

Solution:

1 11
= 11 11

11
= 11

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 3

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

1
2

Solution:

1 2
= 2 2

2
= 2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 4

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

3
15

Solution:

3 15
= 15 15

\ 3 15
= 15

45
= 15

\95
= 15

9 5
= 15

3 5
= 15

5
= 5

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 5

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

12
48

Solution:

12
= 12 4

1
= 4

1
= 2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 6

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

5
80

Solution:

5
= 5 16

1
= 16

1
= 4

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 7

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

12
156

Solution:

12
= 12 13

1
= 13

1 13
= 13 13

13
= 13

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 8

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

7
63

Solution:

7
7 9

1
= 9

1
= 3

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 9

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

1
1+ 3

Solution:

1 (1 3)
= (1+ 3) (1 3)

1 3
= 1+ 3 33

1 3
= 2
or
1+ 3
= 2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 10

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

1
2+ 5

Solution:

1 (2 5)
= (2+ 5) (2 5)

2 5
= 45

2 5
= 1

= 2+ 5

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 11

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

1
3 7

Solution:

3+ 7
= (3 7) (3+ 7)

3+ 7
= 97

3+ 7
= 2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 12

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

4
3 5

Solution:

4 (3+ 5)
= (3 5) (3+ 5)

12 + 4 5
= 95

12 + 4 5
= 4

=3+ 5

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 13

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

1
5 3

Solution:

5+ 3
= ( 5 3) ( 5+ 3)

5+ 3
= 53

5+ 3
= 2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 14

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

3 2
4 5

Solution:

(3 2) (4+ 5)
= (4 5) (4+ 5)

(3 2) (4+ 5)
= 16 5

(3 2) (4+ 5)
= 11

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 15

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

5
2+ 5

Solution:

5 (2 5)
= (2+ 5) (2 5)

5(2 5)
= 45

5(2 5)
= 1

=5( 52)

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 16

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

52
8 7

Solution:

52( 8+ 7)
= ( 8 7) ( 8+ 7)

5(\82+ 27)
= 87

5 ( 16 + 14 )
= 1

= 5 ( 4 + 14 )

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 17

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

11
3 + 11

Solution:

11 ( 3 11 )
= ( 3 + 11 ) ( 3 11 )

11 ( 3 11 )
= 9 11

11 ( 3 11 )
= 2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 18

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

3 7
3+ 7

Solution:

( 3 7) ( 3 7)
= ( 3+ 7) ( 3 7)

3 21 21 + 7
= 37

10 2 21
= 4

5 21
= 2

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 19

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

17 11
17 + 11

Solution:

( 17 11 ) ( 17 11 )
= ( 17 + 11 ) ( 17 11 )

17 187 187 + 11
= 17 11

28 2 187
= 6

14 187
= 3

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 20

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

41 + 29
41 29

Solution:

( 41 + 29 ) ( 41 + 29 )
= ( 41 29 ) ( 41 + 29 )

41 + 2 41 29 + 29
= 41 29

70 + 2 1189
= 12

35 + 1189
= 6

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise H, Question 21

Question:

Rationalise the denominator:

2 3
3 2

Solution:

( 2 3) ( 3+ 2)
= ( 3 2) ( 3+ 2)

63+2 6
= 32

1
= 1

= 1

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise I, Question 1

Question:

Simplify:

(a) y3 y5

(b) 3x2 2x5

(c) ( 4x2 ) 3 2x5

(d) 4b2 3b3 b4

Solution:

(a) = y3 + 5
= y8

(b) = 3 2 x2 + 5
= 6x7

(c) = 43x2 3 2x5

= 64x6 2x5
= 32x6 5
= 32x

(d) = 4 3 b2 + 3 + 4
= 12b9

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise I, Question 2

Question:

Expand the brackets:

(a) 3 ( 5y + 4 )

(b) 5x2 ( 3 5x + 2x2 )

(c) 5x ( 2x + 3 ) 2x ( 1 3x )

(d) 3x2 ( 1 + 3x ) 2x ( 3x 2 )

Solution:

(a) = 15y + 12

(b) = 15x2 25x3 + 10x4

(c) = 10x2 + 15x 2x + 6x2

= 16x2 + 13x

(d) = 3x2 + 9x3 6x2 + 4x

= 9x3 3x2 + 4x

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise I, Question 3

Question:

Factorise these expressions completely:

(a) 3x2 + 4x

(b) 4y2 + 10y

(c) x2 + xy + xy2

(d) 8xy2 + 10x2y

Solution:

(a) = x ( 3x + 4 )

(b) = 2y ( 2y + 5 )

(c) = x ( x + y + y2 )

(d) = 2xy ( 4y + 5x )

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise I, Question 4

Question:

Factorise:

(a) x2 + 3x + 2

(b) 3x2 + 6x

(c) x2 2x 35

(d) 2x2 x 3

(e) 5x2 13x 6

(f) 6 5x x2

Solution:

(a) = x2 + x + 2x + 2
=x(x+1) +2(x+1)
= (x+1) (x+2)

(b) = 3x ( x + 2 )

(c) = x2 7x + 5x 35
=x(x7) +5(x7)
= (x7) (x+5)

(d) = 2x2 3x + 2x 3
= x ( 2x 3 ) + ( 2x 3 )
= ( 2x 3 ) ( x + 1 )

(e) = 5x2 + 2x 15x 6

= x ( 5x + 2 ) 3 ( 5x + 2 )
= ( 5x + 2 ) ( x 3 )

(f) = 6 + x 6x x2
= (6+x) x(6+x)
= (1x) (6+x)

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise I, Question 5

Question:

Simplify:

(a) 9x3 3x 3

(b)
4
3
2
1
3

(c) 3x 2 2x4

1 2
(d) 3x 3 6x 3

Solution:

(a) = 3x3 3

= 3x6

1
(b) [ ( 4 ) 3 ] 3

1
= ( 4) 3 3

= 4
= 2

(c) = 6x 2 + 4
= 6x2

1 1 2
(d) =
2x
3 3

1 1
= 2 x 3 or

1
=
2 ( 3\ x )

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise I, Question 6

Question:

Evaluate:

(a)
8 2
3
27

(b)
225 3
2
289

Solution:

(a) =
3\ 8
2

3\ 27

=
2 2
3

4
= 9

(b) =
225 3
289

153
= 173

3375
= 4913

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise I, Question 7

Question:

Simplify:

3
(a) 63

(b) 20 + 2 45 80

Solution:

3
(a) = 9 7

3
= 37

1
= 7

7
= 7 (If you rationalise)

(b) = 2 5 + 2 3 5 4 5
=45

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Edexcel Modular Mathematics for AS and A-Level
Algebra and functions
Exercise I, Question 8

Question:

Rationalise:

1
(a) 3

1
(b) 21

3
(c) 32

23 37
(d) 23 + 37

Solution:

1 3
(a) = 3 3

3
= 3

2+1
(b) = ( 21) ( 2+1)

2+1
= 21

= 2+1

3( 3+2)
(c) = ( 32) ( 3+2)

33+6
= 34

= 336

( 23 37 ) ( 23 37 )
(d) = ( 23 + 37 ) ( 23 37 )

23 2 23 37 + 37
= 23 37

60 2 851
= 14

30 851
= 7

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