Algebra and Equations Revision

Multiple choice
1 The statement that is not correct is: C 6 In simplest form, 3xy × 5yz is equal to: D

A 2x + 3y is an expression A 15xyz
B 5x + 4  3a has three terms B 3xy + 5yz
C 6x + 8 is a formula C 15x2yz
D the constant in 5  3x is 5 D 15xy2z

2 The statement below that best describes A 7 When 5 is added to both sides of the C
the term xy would be: equation 3x  5 = 12, the equivalent
equation is:
A the product of two numbers
B the sum of two numbers A 3x  10 = 17
C the difference between two B 3x = 12
numbers C 3x = 17
D the product of a number and 5 D 8x  5 = 17

3 Substituting x = 5 and y = 2 into 4x  3y D 8 Which list displays a set of like terms? B

gives a result of:
A 5x, 6xy, x, 3xy
A 23 B xy, 5xy, 3yx, 4xy
B 13 C 4p, 2p2, 6p, p
C 14 D mn, 2nm, 5m, 3n
D 26
9 In the correct order, the operations to be A
4 The expression that simplifies to 11x + A
2y is: performed to build the expression
are:
A 4x + 3y + 7x  y
B 13xy  2y + 2 + y A subtract 5 and then divide by 4
C 9x2 + y + y + 2x B multiply by 4 and then add 5
D 5 + 6x + 2y C divide by 4 and then subtract 5
D add 5 and then multiply by 4
5 Five is added to a number and then the C
result is multiplied by 6. 10 Transposing a = b(c – d) to make b the A
subject gives:
Which expression matches the statement
above?
A
A 6x + 5 B
B 5+x×6
C
C 6(x + 5)

D D
11 The solution to x + 4 = 11 is: B 15 B
The solution to = 5 is:
A x=4
B x=7 A 7
C x = 11 B 1
D x = 15 C 10
D 19
12 A number is divided by 4 and then 12 is B
subtracted from the result. 16 The solution to the equation C
3x + 5 = 2x + 10 is:
The expression that matches the
statement above is: A x=1
B x=3
x C x=5
A 12  4 D x = 10
x
4  12 17 D
B
4 The solution to 3 – –5 is:
x  12 A x  –32
C
B x  –8
x
C x8
D 4 = 12
D x  32
13 The fraction expression with a highest B 18 B
common factor of 4a in its numerator
and denominator is: The solution to is:
A x = 1.75
24 a2 b B x = –1.75
44 ab C x = 3.25
A
D x = –3.25
36 a 2 g
B 40 ace 19 The equation that has the solution x = 5 D
is:
24 a2 c
C 12 ad x
4 abc A 5 = 25
D a B 5x = 25
C 4x + 5 = 20
14 The expression 7(4x  5) written in C
D 3x  1 = 14
expanded form is:
20 The solution x > –4 satisfies which C
A 11x  35
inequality?
B 28x  5
A 3x – 2 > 10
C 28x  35
D 28x + 35
B +5>3
C 5–x<9
D –2x + 1 > 9
Short answer
1 For each of the following, state: a i four terms

i the number of terms in the expression ii 5

ii the coefficient of the x term iii 2
iii the constant term.
b i five terms
a 5x  6y + 2 + xy
b 7x2 + x  3 + 8m  5xmn ii 1 (because x = 1x)
iii 3

2 Write an expression to represent each of the a 6a + 3

following statements. Use the pronumeral a to
represent the unknown number. b 4(a + 5)

a A number is multiplied by 6 and then 3 is

c
added to the result.
b Add 5 to a number and then multiply the result d 5(a  3)
by 4.
c Subtract a number from 2 and then divide the
result by 7.
d Subtract 3 from a number and then multiply the
result by 5.

3 Simplify each of these expressions. a 5a  2a + 3a = 6a

a 5a  2a + 3a b 4x2 + 2x + 3x2 + 5x
b 4x2 + 2x + 3x2 + 5x = 4x2 + 3x2 + 2x + 5x
c 5mn + 6n + 8m + 3nm + 4n + mn = 7x2 + 7x
d 3xy2  2x2y + 6x2y + 4xy2  xy2
c 5mn + 6n + 8m + 3nm + 4n + mn
= 5mn + 3nm + mn + 6n + 4n + 8m
= 9mn + 10n + 8m

d 3xy2  2x2y + 6x2y + 4xy2  xy2

= 3xy2 + 4xy2  xy2  2x2y + 6x2y
= 6xy2 + 4x2y
4 Evaluate each of these expressions by substituting a a 3a + 6c = 3 × 4 + 6 × 6
= 4, b = 3 and c = 6. = 12 + 36
a 3a + 6c = 48

b b =
c a2 + bc
=

d =
=3
c a2 + bc = 42 + (3) × 6
= 16  18
= 2

d =

= (or 2 )
5 Solve each of the following equations by inspection. a a=4

a a + 7 = 11 b b=5
b 15  b = 10
c 4c + 1 = 41 c c = 10
d d d = 12
d 2 5=1

6 Simplify each of these expressions. a 4x × 3y = 4 × 3 × x × y

a 4x × 3y = 12xy
b 3gh × 4jk × 2mn
c 4x3 × 6x2 b 3gh × 4jk × 2mn
d 5j4p5 × 6j2p7 = 3 × 4 × 2 × g × h × j × k × m × n
= 24ghjkmn

c 4x3 × 6x2 = 4 × 6 × x3 × x2

= 24x5

d 5j4p5 × 6j2p7
= 5 × 6 × j4 × j2 × p5 × p7
= 30j6p12
7 Simplify each of these expressions. a 30x ÷ 5 = 6x

a 30x ÷ 5 b 12ab ÷ b = 12a

b 12ab ÷ b

c c =

d =

d =

8 Simplify each of these expressions. a m3 ÷ m = m2

a m3 ÷ m b 14x5 ÷ 2x3 = 7x2

b 14x5 ÷ 2x3

c c =

= 4c3

9 Expand each of these expressions. a 3(x  5) = 3 × x + 3 × 5

a 3(x  5) = 3x  15
b 12(3y + 6)
c 6x(3a  2f) b 12(3y + 6) = 12 × 3y + 12 × 6
d 5m(4m + 3) = 36y + 72

c 6x(3a  2f) = 6x × 3a + 6x × 2f

= 18ax – 12fx

d 5m(4m + 3)
= (5m) × 4m + (5m) × 3
= 20m2  15m
10 Expand and simplify each of these expressions. a 3(a + 5) + 6(3a + 4)
= 3 × a + 3 × 5 + 6 × 3a + 6 × 4
a 3(a + 5) + 6(3a + 4) = 3a + 15 + 18a + 24
b 3b(b + 4)  4(b  5) = 21a + 39

b 3b(b + 4)  4(b  5)
= 3b × b + 3b × 4  4 × b  4 × (5)
= 3b2 + 12b  4b + 20
= 3b2 + 8b + 20

11 Write x as the subject of each formula. a y = mx + c

a y = mx + c y – c = mx

x=

b a = b(4 – x) b a = b(4 – x)
a = 4b – bx
bx = 4b – a

x =
c

12 Factorise each of these expressions. a 5a + 20 = 5 × a + 5 × 4

a 5a + 20 = 5(a + 4)
b 7x  21
c 15x + 35y b 7x  21 = 7 × x + 7 × 3
d 26a2b  12abc = 7(x  3)

c 15x + 35y = 5 × 3x + 5 × 7y

= 5(3x + 7y)

d 26a2b  12abc
= 2ab × 13a + 2ab × 6c
= 2ab(13a  6c)
13 Solve each of these equations using the balance a 5x  4 = 31
method. Show all the steps of your working.
5x  4 + 4 = 31 + 4
a 5x  4 = 31
5x = 35
x
b 5  9 = 5 5 x 35
5 = 5
c =6
d 7(x + 5) = 49 x=7

x
b 5  9 = 5

x
5  9 + 9 = 5 + 9

x
5 =4

x
5 ×5=4×5

x = 20

c =6

×3=6×3

x + 8 = 18

x + 8  8 = 18  8

x = 10

d 7(x + 5) = 49

49
= 7

x+5=7

x+55=75

x=2
14 Solve each of these equations using the balance a 4x  3 = 3x + 5
method. Show all the steps of your working.
4x  3  3x = 3x + 5  3x
a 4x  3 = 3x + 5
b x + 10 = 5x  14 x3=5
c 3x + 7 = 2x + 22 x3+3=5+3

x=8

b x + 10 = 5x  14

5x  14 = x + 10

5x  14  x = x + 10  x

4x  14 = 10

4x  14 + 14 = 10 + 14

4x = 24

x=6

c 3x + 7 = 2x + 22

3x + 7 + 2x = 2x + 22 + 2x

5x + 7 = 22

5x + 7  7 = 22  7

5x = 15

x=3
15 Write the inequality that is represented on each a x  –4
number line.
a b –1 < x  3

16 Consider the following inequality.

a
3 – 2x  20
a Find its solution. –2x  17
x  –8.5
b Represent the solution on a number line.

b
17 Solve each equation, leaving your answer as a a 5 – 2(7 – 3x) = –6
fraction where appropriate. 5 – 14 + 6x = –6
a 5 – 2(7 – 3x) = –6 6x = –6 – 5 + 14
6x = 3

b x =

b
18 Simplify these algebraic fractions.
a
a
b
b
c
c
d

Analysis
1 The entry costs for the local show are: a 2a + 2c + p represents the cost of entry for
two adults, two children and one
Adults $20 pensioner.
Children $10 b 2a + 2c + p = 2 × 20 + 2 × 10 + 12
Pensioners $12 = 40 + 20 + 12
Family $50 = $72
Let a represent the cost of an adult’s ticket, c the c 2a + 4c
cost of a child’s ticket, p the cost of a pensioner’s Total entry cost = 2 × 20 + 4 × 10
ticket and f the cost of a family ticket.
= 40 + 40
a If a + 3c represents the cost of entry for an
adult and three children, what does = $80
2a + 2c + p represent?
b Evaluate the expression 2a + 2c + p to d Family ticket = $50
determine the cost of those entry tickets. Amount saved = $80  $50
c Two adults and four children go to the = $30
show. Write an expression to represent the
entry cost and then calculate this cost. e 52a + 12c + 20p + 60f
d How much would the family in part c save
f 52a + 12c + 20p + 60f
if they purchased a family ticket instead?
= 52 × 20 + 12 × 10 + 20 × 12 + 60 × 50
e During the first hour of the show, 52
= 1040 + 120 + 240 + 3000
adult’s tickets, 12 children’s tickets, 20
= $4400
pensioner’s tickets and 60 family tickets
were sold. Write an expression to represent
the cost of these tickets.
f Use your answer to part e to calculate the
total takings from the sales of the tickets for
the first hour.
2 The box shown below has a top face with a width a length = 4 × x = 4x
of x. The length of the top face is four times the height = 6 × x = 6x
width and the height of the box is six times the
width. b Area of top face = length × width

= 4x × x

= 4x2

c Area of front face = 6x × x

= 6x2

a Write an algebraic term to represent the Area of side face = 6x × 4x

length of the top face and an algebraic term
to represent the height of the box. = 24x2

The box has six rectangular faces. d width = x, so width = 10 cm

length = 4x, so length = 40 cm
b The area of a rectangle is length × width. height = 6x, so height = 60 cm
Represent the area of the top of the box as
an expression in simplest form. e Surface area
c Write an expression to describe the area of = 4x2 + 4x2 + 6x2 + 6x2 + 24x2 + 24x2
the front face and an expression for the area = 68x2
of the side face. f Surface area = 68x2
d If x = 10 cm, state the dimensions of the
box. = 68 × 102
e The surface area of the box is the sum of
= 68 × 100
the areas of all the faces. Write a simplified
algebraic expression that represents the = 6800 cm2
surface area of this box.
f If x = 10 cm, calculate the surface area of
the box. (Hint: Use the expression from
part e.)
3 Jack is saving money to buy an iPad. He a Jack saves 12 lots of x.
currently has $123 and wants to add equal 12 × x = 12x
monthly amounts to this so that he can buy the
iPad in 12 months time.

a Let x represent the amount Jack saves each b 12x + 123

month. Write a simplified expression for
the amount he saves in 12 months.
b Use the expression from part a to write a c 12x + 123 = 783
new expression to represent the total
amount of money Jack has after 12 months
of saving. (Remember he started with d 12x + 123 = 783
$123.)
c The iPad costs $783. Use your answer to 12x + 123  123 = 783  123
part b to form an equation.
12x = 660
d Solve your equation from part c, using the
balance method to work out the amount
Jack needs to save each month. =
e How much would Jack need to save each
month if he wishes to buy the iPad after x = 55
8 months instead of 12 months?
Jack needs to save $55 each month.

e 8x + 123 = 783

8x + 123  123 = 783  123

8x = 660

x = 82.50

Jack would need to save $82.50 each

month.