Project : Alberta OilSand Eng: D Wu P Eng.

Job No : 1234567 Chk: D Wu P Eng.

Doc No : 1234567 Date : 2/15/2012
Calculation Sheet Subject : Base Plate (LRFD) & Anchor Bolt (ACI 318-08) Design Rev : 1

1 of 4
BASE PLATE & ANCHOR BOLT DESIGN - MOMENT CONNECTION
Base Plate Data
Column section type = W_Shape
Column size = W14X53
Depth d = 13.900 [in] Flange thickness tf = 0.660 [in]
Flange width bf = 8.060 [in] Web thickness tw = 0.370 [in]
Base plate anchor bolt pattern = 4 or 6-Bolt MC WF ? base plate is moment connection
Base plate anchor bolt location = Bolt Outside Flange Only ?

suggest
Base plate width B = 22.0 [in] 15.0
Base plate depth N = 22.0 [in] 21.0
Base plate thickness tp = 2.00 [in] 1.75
Anchor bolt spacing s2 = C C = 18.0 [in] 11.0
Anchor bolt spacing s1 = D D = 18.0 [in] 17.0

Bolt to column center dist. f = 9.0 [in]

Bolt to column web center dist. f1 = 9.0 [in]
Suggested plate thickness for rigidity: tp = max. of m/4 and n/4 = No ?

Factored column load

LCB Cases Pu [kips] Vu [kips] Mu [kip-ft]
LCB1 Axial Comp. 100.0 25.0 0.0
LCB2 Axial Comp. + M 100.0 12.0 35.0
LCB3 Axial Comp. + M 100.0 13.0 100.0
LCB4 Axial Tensile 25.0 45.0 0.0
Design of Steel Structures Prof. S.R.Satish Kumar and Prof. A.R.Santha Kumar

3.2.5.3 Combined shear and tension failure

Bolt Subjected to Combined Shear and Tension  A bolt required to resist both

design shear force (Vsd) and design tensile force (Tnd) at the same time shall satisfy

2 2
V Te
 d 1.0 (3.13)
Vsd Tnd

Where, V = applied shear; Vsd = design shear capacity; Te = externally applied

tension and Tnd = design tension capacity. This gives a circular interaction curve as

shown in Fig. 3.11.

Bolts in a connection for which slip in the serviceability limit state shall be limited,

which are subjected to a tension force, T, and shear force, V, shall satisfy (Cl.10.4.6)

2 2
V Te
 d 1.0 (3.14)
Vsdf Tndf

Where, V = applied shear at service load; Vsdf = design shear strength; Te =

externally applied tension at service load; Tndf = design tension strength.

V/Vsdf

1.0

1.0
Te/Tndf

Fig. 3.11 Shear and Tension Interaction Curve

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

 Curved Roofing Systems Performance

2.4.2.1 PERFORMANCE
2.4.2.1.1 CURVED ROOFING PERFORMANCE STATEMENT

The performance of Dimond Curved Roofing Systems is covered by the statement for straight roofs together with the
additional criteria set out below.

Curved roofing systems are available in three basic forms:

Reference
1. Crimp Curved
Available in a restricted range of metal profiles and to a minimum machine crimped 2.4.2.1.2
radius limitation.
Single curves, or combinations of straight, convex and concave are available, but with 2.4.2.1.2
some restrictions that must be discussed with Dimond at the design stage of each project.
Attention at the design and installation stages must be given to correct sheet layout, 2.4.2.1.2
end laps, and water catchment for low pitch areas.
Extra maintenance washing of crimp curved sheets may be required to remove dirt build-up at the
crimps or in areas not naturally washed by rainfall.
Transport and handling will limit sheet lengths and shapes and must be discussed with Dimond at the
design stage of each project.

2. Drape Curved
Recommended for a restricted range of profiles in metal, Duraclad and Natural 2.4.2.1.3
Lighting materials.
Minimum curve radius is limited by the appearance of the roof sheet. 2.4.2.1.3
Roof purlin design must take into account the purlin deflection and reaction that will
result from the load to hold drape curved sheet in place. As a guide this load can reach
2.5 kN/m or more on the purlin depending on radius and material.
Water catchment for low pitch areas must be considered in relation to the sheet side 2.4.2.1.3
laps, and may limit the maximum curve radius.

3. Roll Curved
Available in a restricted range of metal profiles and to a minimum machine rolled radius 2.4.2.1.2
for each profile and material.
Single curves, or a combination of straight, convex and concave are available but with 2.4.2.1.2
some restrictions that must be discussed with Dimond at the design stage of each project.
Attention at the design and installation stages must be given to correct sheet layout, end 2.4.2.1.2
laps, and water catchment for low pitch areas.
Transport and handling may limit sheet lengths and shapes, and must be discussed with
Dimond at the design stage of each project.

In all three curved roof systems penetrations, sheet termination (e.g. abutting walls, apex) and end lapping must be
avoided in areas of the roof where the pitch is less than the minimum required for the profile.

September 2001
 Curved Roofing Systems Performance

2.4.2.1.2 CRIMP CURVED AND ROLL CURVED ROOFING SYSTEM DESIGN

Combinations of curves and straight sections must be laid out on the roof to fit purlin locations where fastening and
sheet end laps occur. Basic rules that govern the design are:

1. Straight tails on curves must span across at least two purlins.

2. Maximum length from curve to tail end is normally limited by transport and handling to 6m.
3. Laps must be in areas of roof pitch that meet the minimum pitch requirement for the profile.
4. A roof shape transition from convex to concave curves must have a straight section of at least 300mm located over a
purlin to allow fixing.

Table 2.4M
Profiles and material available for crimp curved systems are

Profile Material and BMT (mm) Minimum Radius

(mm)
Steel G550 0.40 400
LT7* Steel G300 0.55 400
Aluminium H34 0.90 400
Steel G550 0.40 400
V-Rib
Steel G300 0.55 400
Steel G550 0.40 400
Styleline* Steel G300 0.55 400
Aluminium H34 0.90 400

Profiles and materials available for roll curved systems are

Profile Material and BMT (mm) Minimum Radius

(mm)
Steel G300 0.40 450
Steel G300 0.55 450
Corrugate
Aluminium H36 0.70 1200
Aluminium H36 0.90 450

*Note that 0.40mm LT7 and Styleline are not recommended for crimp curing to a radius greater than 900mm (refer
Section 2.4.2.2.1)

January 2013
 Curved Roofing Systems Performance

2.4.2.1.3 DRAPE CURVED ROOFING SYSTEM DESIGN

Recommended Curve Radius

Minimum Radius
The minimum curve radius for each profile is restricted by the appearance of the roof sheet. As the radius is reduced the
pan of the profile will begin to exhibit compression ripples that will detract from a clean appearance, and eventually
reach a level that is generally regarded as unacceptable.
The minimum radius given below for each profile, together with the purlin spacing recommended for use at the
minimum radius, will ensure the clean appearance of the drape curved roof with minimal ripple effect.
Specific aesthetic requirements for drape curved roofing must be discussed with Dimond at the design stage.

Maximum Radius
The maximum curve radius for each profile is restricted by the need to have the selected profile roof-sheeting reach its
minimum recommended pitch at the gutter line for the profile used.
This restriction ensures large radius flat roofs are not used.
In addition, the maximum radius limitation and profiles given below for Corrugate profile ensures that water catchment
on the low pitch area of the curve will not overfill the profile valleys due to inadequate run-off.

Table 2.4N Drape Curved System Recommended Profiles and Radius Limitations
Recommended Radius
Recommended Minimum (m) Maximum (m)
Profile G550 Steel H36 5052 Natural Lighting Duraclad
Aluminium
0.40mm 0.55mm 0.70mm 0.90mm 1.1mm 1.4mm 1.7mm
Corrugate 12 10 12 10 4 5 8 Note 1
V-Rib 20 16 20 16 12 14 20 Note 2
Styleline 80 40 80 40 8 9 12 Note 2
LT7 80
0.40mm 50
0.55mm 80
0.70mm 50
0.90mm 1.1mm 121.4mm 14
1.7mm 24 Note 2
Dimondek 400 N/A 70 N/A 70 16 18 N/R 1
Note Note 2
BB900 N/R 90 N/R 90 12 14 Note
24 2 Note 2
Note 2
DP955 N/R 70 N/A N/A 70 70 70 Note 2
Note 2
Steelspan
Dimondek 900400 N/R 120 N/R 120 16 18 30 2
Note Note 2
Topspan N/R 120 N/R 120 16 18 30 2
Note Note 2
Baby Corrugate 2 2 2 2 N/A N/A Note
N/A 2 Note 4
Dimondek 630 N/A 250 (Note 5) (Note 6) (Note 6) 250 (Note 7) 250 (Note 7)
Note
N/A
2 Note 2
N/A N/A N/A Note 4
Super Six 630
Dimondek N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A 16 18
N/A 30 2
Note Note 2

Note 1: Maximum radius forN/A Corrugate isN/A

determined N/A
by the maximum
N/A run of roof that is below the minimum pitch, measured
Note 2 from the apex,
shall not exceed 5m. Maximum radius may be further restricted by the criteria in Note 2.
Note 2: Maximum radius determined by the need for the roof pitch to reach the minimum requirement for the profile at the gutter line.
Maximum radius will therefore depend on the building width.
Note 3: For the recommended maximum purlin spacing, the unrestricted access roof purlin spacing should be used to achieve a smooth curve (ref
section 2.1.4 for the selected profile).
Note 4: The Baby Corrugate profile is not recommended for use as a roof product. It is only intended as cladding.
Note 5: DD630 is also available in 0.48mm thick steel and will achieve the same radius as 0.55mm steel.
Note 6: For the radius on aluminium, please call Dimond to discuss.
Note 7: DD630 Natural lighting sheets are not intended for use by themselves and must have support on the side lap from the steel sheet.
Note 8: Check suitability using section 2.1.3.1 - Table 2.1
N/R = Not recommended; N/A = Not available

June 2013
 Curved Roofing Systems Performance

2.4.2.1.4 SPECIFICATION

The roof sheeting (or wall cladding) to be (specify profile and colour). Reference

Sheeting to be (1), Material (2), (3). 2.1.4

Flashing required to fit the curve shall be fabricated from (specify material, thickness and 2.1.4
colour) to provide a smooth curve finish.

1. Choose from:
Drape curved to framing fixed true to line. 2.4.2.1.1
Crimp curved to the radius and leg lengths detailed in drawing.
Roll curved to the radius and leg lengths detailed in drawing.

2. Choose from:
Crimp curved G550 Steel 0.40mm 2.4.2.1.2
Crimp or roll curved G300 Steel 0.55mm
Crimp curved H34 Aluminium 0.90mm
Roll curved H36 Aluminium 0.70 or 0.90mm

3. Choose from:
Drape curve (as for straight sheet) 2.1.4

September 2001
 Curved Roofing Systems Components

2.4.2.2 COMPONENTS
For sheet materials, underlay, netting and fasteners refer to Section 2.2.

2.4.2.2.1 CRIMP CURVED SHEETS

Machine crimped across the profile pans. Each crimp deforms the sheet to a fixed angle and the radius required for
the curve is achieved by altering the crimp spacing.
G300 steel is generally used for 0.55mm thickness, although V-Rib and LT7 can be crimp curved in G550 steel.
G550 steel is used for 0.40mm thickness in the Styleline, V-Rib and LT7 profiles to a maximum radius of 900mm.
Larger radius curves have a risk of splitting the 0.40mm material due to fatigue at the crimps resulting from sheet
deflection.
H34 aluminium (5052 or 5251 alloys) in 0.90mm thickness is available for the Styleline, and LT7 profiles.

2.4.2.2.2 DRAPE CURVED SHEETS

Refer Section 2.2 for straight sheets.

2.4.2.2.3 ROLL CURVED SHEETS

G300 steel or H36 aluminium (5052 to 5251 alloys) in Corrugate profile is available to a minimum radius of
450mm and a maximum radius of 12m.
Roll curved sheets are limited to a 4.5m tail length for ease of handling and transportation.

2.4.2.2.4 CURVED FLASHINGS

Two-piece lock-seamed flashings are recommended to finish curved edges in a smooth line. Crimped flashings are not
recommended for aesthetic reasons.

January 2013
 Curved Roofing Systems Installation

2.4.2.3 INSTALLATION DETAILS

Installation recommendations for straight sheets apply together with the following additional requirements for all
curved roofing systems.

2.4.2.3.1 FRAMING AND FASTENERS

It is critical to the fitting and the final appearance of curved roofing that the purlin and/or girt framing is located true
to line. The installer should not fit the sheeting to out-of-line members. A recommended tolerance from the true purlin
alignment is 5mm. The tighter the tolerance, the better the final appearance will be.

Dimond recommend fitting a trial crimped or roll curved sheet to the purlins before the order is run, to check the curve
fits the framing. An allowance of an extra 2 weeks should be built into the lead time to allow for this.

For the Drape Curved Roof Systems the framing member stiffness and attachment to the primary structure and the
sheet fasteners must be adequate to resist the loads induced by the force required to hold the sheets in place. All drape
curved sheets should therefore be screw fixed. Fasteners for crimp curved as for straight sheets.

There shall not be any part of the curved roof section or any part of the roof that does not have fall, that could allow
ponding to occur. This is critical at the top of curved sheets where the roof pitch is level. If necessary purlins may need
to be closed up in this region to give support to the roof and avoid ponding.

On areas of curved roof below the profile minimum pitch, an additional 3mm thick (min) side lap seal tape or bead
of silicone sealant should be applied continuously on the top of the underlap rib, before the next sheet is laid over the
underlap rib.

Flashing must be fabricated and fitted to follow an even curve of the profile, without obvious humps.

2.4.2.3.2 SHEET TERMINATION

Ends of sheets that are under head flashings and stop-ended must not terminate at zero or negative pitch. To ensure this
does not occur it is recommended that the design is based on sheet termination at a roof pitch at least to the minimum
pitch for the profile used.

August 2007