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Graphic Expressive Means

This document outlines various graphic, phonetic, and stylistic devices used for expressive purposes in language. It discusses graphic elements like text design, layout, and punctuation. It also covers phonetic elements such as sounds, vowels, intonation and pitch. Additionally, it examines stylistic devices including metaphor, personification, irony and other rhetorical techniques used for imagery, emphasis and meaning. The document provides examples of these various devices used for creative and persuasive expression.

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Nikita Janu
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397 views5 pages

Graphic Expressive Means

This document outlines various graphic, phonetic, and stylistic devices used for expressive purposes in language. It discusses graphic elements like text design, layout, and punctuation. It also covers phonetic elements such as sounds, vowels, intonation and pitch. Additionally, it examines stylistic devices including metaphor, personification, irony and other rhetorical techniques used for imagery, emphasis and meaning. The document provides examples of these various devices used for creative and persuasive expression.

Uploaded by

Nikita Janu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphic expressive means:

Text design;
Layout of lines;
Paragraph division;
Length of sentences;
Spacing of lines;
Design of letters;
Italics;
Capitalization.

Expressive means:
Graphic level(graphemes, punctuation, design of letters);
Phonetic level(phonemes, intonation, stress);
Lexical level(words);
Phraseological level(expressions);
Syntactical level(sentences);
Morphological level(morphemes);
Paralinguistic level(voice);
Kinesic level(body language, face expression, gestures);
Discourse level(texts).

Marks of punctuation:
Full stop ( . );
Comma ( , );
Colon ( : );
Semicolon ( ; );
Brackets ( ( ) );
Question mark ( ? );
Exclamatory mark ( ! );
Apostrophe ( );
Hyphen ( - );
Dash ( );
Suspension marks ( );
Quotation mark ( ).

Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic devices:


44 sounds;
21 consonants;
9 vowels;
3 semivowels, yet, her, were;
Sound symbolism ( f- some negative connotation in Rumanian language);
Intonation (high, low fall/high, low rise);
Pitch (sound, intensity);
Pause ( silence);
Tempo.

Voice qualities:
Loudness;
Articulatory precision ( clear pronunciation );
Lip setting ( smile-for good pronunciation );
Tempo;
Pitch span (very low, very high);
Voice setting;
Timing of segments;
Pauses.

Phonetic stylistic devices:

Onomatopoeia is sound imitation ( the buzzing bee flew away);


Alliteration is repetition of consonants ( living the life );
Assonance is repetition of vowels ( its hot and its monotonous );
Rhythm is an organized pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables;
Rhyme is repetition of the same sounds at the end of the lines.

Image-bearing stylistic devices:


Metaphor is a SD based on similarity between different classes of things: The woman is a
rose.
Personification is a transfer of human characteristics: Dear Nature is the kindest Mother
still.
Simile is an over comparison: As busy as a bee.
Metonymy is based on association of two things in time and space: Wall Street is in panic.

Distortion of truth:
Irony is a statement contrary to reality : It is delightful to find yourself in a foreign
country without a penny in your pocket irony;
Hyperbole is overstatement of real facts : I loved Ophelia, thirty thousand brothers
could not make up my sum.
Litotes is understatement of real facts : He is no coward !

Phraseological expressive means:


The clich;
Proverbs and sayings;
Epigrams;
Limericks;
Alussion;
Set phrases.

Zeugma is a combination of a free word group and a set expression : He dropped a tear and a
handkerchief.

Pun is a play on polysemy or homonymy : I have a feelingfor whom?

Oxymorons are wordgroups on contradiction : Terribly pleased.

Tautology is repetition of the same word : Sleep, sleep, beauty bright.

Polysyndeton is repetition of the conjuction:

Should you ask me, whence these stories

Whence the se legends and traditions,

With the odors of the forest

With the dew and damp of meadows,

With the curling smoke of wigwams,

With the rushing of great rivers,

With their frequent repetitions,

With their wild reverberations,

As of thunder in the mountains?

Logical emphasis is use of auxiliary verbs to emphasize :

Youth, I do adore thee.

Age, I do abhore thee.(Shakespeare)

Paranthesis is something which is not so important for the meaning : She was crazy about
you, at the beginning.

Climax is arrangement of words in an order of ascending power : He is ill, terribly ill,


incurably ill. He was pleased, delighted, gratified, rejoiced.

Inversion is a change of word order for stylistic purposes : Talent he had. Capital he had not.

Parallelism is interaction of sentences:

The seed you sow, another reaps,


The wealth you find, another keeps,

The robes you weave, another wears,

The arms you forge, another bears,

Sow seed, - but let no tyrant reap;

Find wealth, - let no imposter heap;

Weave robes, - let not the idle wear;

Forge arms, - in your defence to bear.( Shelly)

Chiasmus is a cross order of words :

It is nice to be important but

It is more important to be nice.

Anaphora is the repetition at the beginning:

My hearts in the Highlands,

My heart is not here.

My hearts in the Highlands,

a-chosing the deer,

a-chosing the wild deer

and following the roe,

My hearts in the Highlands

Wherever I go.(R. Burns)

Epithora is the repetition at the end :

If he wishes to float into fairy land, he reads a book,

If he wishes to dash into the thick of bottle, he reads a book,

If he wishes to soar into heaven, he reads a book.(Chesterton)

Coordination instead of subordination:

The clock struck seven, he came.

When the clock struck seven he came.

Rhetoric question:
Who can say

Why today

Tomorrow will be yesterday?

Who can say

Why to smell

the violet recalls

the dewy prime of youth and buried time( Ch. Rossettie)

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