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MAT 241-Calculus 3 - Prof. Santilli Toughloves Chapter 13

1. A vector-valued function r(t) defines a curve in space, with the tangent vector T(t) being the derivative r'(t). 2. The unit tangent vector T^(t) is T(t) divided by its magnitude. 3. A curve is smooth if the derivatives of the component functions x(t), y(t), z(t) are continuous and r'(t) is not equal to 0.

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44 views3 pages

MAT 241-Calculus 3 - Prof. Santilli Toughloves Chapter 13

1. A vector-valued function r(t) defines a curve in space, with the tangent vector T(t) being the derivative r'(t). 2. The unit tangent vector T^(t) is T(t) divided by its magnitude. 3. A curve is smooth if the derivatives of the component functions x(t), y(t), z(t) are continuous and r'(t) is not equal to 0.

Uploaded by

Gerardo Mendoza Ricaud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAT 241- Calculus 3- Prof.

Santilli
Toughloves Chapter 13
2
1.) Vector-value function: r (t) x(t)i y(t) j : plane curve in
3
r (t) x(t)i y(t) j z(t)k : Space curve in
Domain: Intersection of the vector function components domains.

2.) Tangent vector to the curve is T (t) r (t) x (t)i y (t) j z (t)k
T (t) r (t)
3.) Unit tangent vector to the curve is T (t)
T (t) r (t)

4.) r (t) x(t)i y(t) j z(t)k is smooth if x (t), y (t), z(t) are all continuous and r (t) 0 .

5.) Piecewise smooth = curve that is made up of a finite number of smooth pieces.
d u (t) v (t) du (t) dv (t)
6.) u (t) v (t)
dt dt dt

d cu (t) du (t)
7.) c c u (t)
dt dt

8.) Product rule (scalar funct)(vector)


d f (t)u (t) df (t) du (t)
u (t) f (t) f (t)u (t) f (t)u (t)
dt dt dt

9.) Product rule (vect)(vect)


d u (t) v (t) du (t) dv (t)
v (t) u (t) u (t) v (t) u (t) v (t)
dt dt dt

10.) Product rule (vect)x(vect) ORDER IS IMPORTANT!


d u (t) v (t) du (t) dv (t)
v (t) u (t) u (t) v (t) u (t) v (t)
dt dt dt

11.) Chain rule


d u ( f (t)) du ( f (t)) d f (t)
u ( f ) f (t)
dt df dt
12.) IMPORTANT!
If r (t) r (t) constant, then r (t) r (t) 0 ,
which means r (t) constant, then r (t)r (t) or r (t)T (t) .
NOTE:
For any UNIT VECTOR, r(t) r(t) r(t) 1 constant, and thus r(t) r (t) 0
which means r(t)r(t) . Any unit vector is perpendicular to its derivative vector.
13.) For r (t) x(t)i y(t) j z(t)k ,


r (t)dt x(t)dt i y(t)dt j z(t)dt k and
b b b b

r (t)dt x(t)dt i y(t)dt j z(t)dt k


a a a a

14.) Arc length function:


t t
ds(t)
s(t)
r (t) dt
T (t)dt , therefore
dt
r (t) T (t) or ds r (t)dt T (t) dt
a a

15.) r ( s) T ( s) 1 , therefore T ( s) T ( s)

16.) Differential notation: For r (t) x(t)i y(t) j z(t)k ,


dr dx i dy j dz k and dr r (t)dt T (t)dt , therefore ds dr

17.) Curvature- measures how sharply a curve bends


dT T (t) r (t) r (t)
a N f (x)
x y y x

T (s) r (s)

r (t) 3 v2
2 32

ds r (t) 32
1 f (x) x 2 y 2

1
18.) Curvature of a circle of radius a:
a

19.) Curvature of a line: 0

20.) TNB Frame:


T (t) r (t)
T (t) Unit tangent vector
T (t) r (t)
T (t)
N (t) Unit normal vector
T (t)
B(t) T(t) N (t) Unit binormal vector (order is important)

21.) Normal Plane contains N (t) and B(t)

22.) Osculating Plane contains T (t) and N (t) and osculating circle (circle of curvature at the
point of tangency on the curve)

23.) Rectifying plane contains T (t ) and B (t )


dr
24.) Velocity in space: v (t) r (t) r(t)
dt

dr ds
25.) Speed in space: v(t) v (t) r (t) r(t)
dt dt

2
dv d r
26.) Acceleration in space: a (t) v (t) v(t) 2 r (t)
r
(t)
dt dt

27.) Tangent and normal components of acceleration:


2
dv 2 d s ds 2 r r r r 1
a (t) T v N 2 T N T N v a, v a
dt dt dt r r v

Or

a (t) a T T a N N
where
dv d 2 s r r v a
aT a v
dt dt 2 r v
ds
2
r r v a
a N v
2
a v

dt r v
And

a T a N
2 2
a (t)

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