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Fiber Test2

The document discusses methods for preparing multi-component glasses for optical fibers, including melting precursors like metal oxide powders to form a homogeneous glass. It also describes vapor deposition techniques that produce highly transparent silica-rich glasses. Optical fiber cables protect fibers, maintain transmission stability, and allow for identification and jointing of multiple fibers. The Griffith theory is used to predict fracture stress based on elliptical crack depth, and examples calculate stress and strain values. Stress corrosion is described as affecting fiber strength over time. Cable design aims to avoid losses from microbending during cabling.

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Mohamed Gamal
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219 views2 pages

Fiber Test2

The document discusses methods for preparing multi-component glasses for optical fibers, including melting precursors like metal oxide powders to form a homogeneous glass. It also describes vapor deposition techniques that produce highly transparent silica-rich glasses. Optical fiber cables protect fibers, maintain transmission stability, and allow for identification and jointing of multiple fibers. The Griffith theory is used to predict fracture stress based on elliptical crack depth, and examples calculate stress and strain values. Stress corrosion is described as affecting fiber strength over time. Cable design aims to avoid losses from microbending during cabling.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Gamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Describe in general terms liquid-phase techniques for the preparation of


multi component glasses for optical fibers. Discuss with the aid of a suitable
diagram one melting method for the preparation of multi component glass.
a. Preparation of ultrapure material powders which are usually oxides or
carbonates.
b. Melt these powdered to form a homogeneous, bubble-free multi
component glass.

2. Indicate the major advantages of vapor-phase deposition in the preparation


of glasses for optical fibers. Briefly describe the various vapor-phase
techniques currently in use.
a. Vapor -phase deposition techniques are used to produce silica-rich
glasses of the highest transparency and with the optimal optical
properties.
i. Vapor axial deposition (VAD).
ii. Outside Vapor-phase Oxidation process (OVPO).
iii. Modified chemical Vapor deposition (MCVD).
iv. Plasma-activated chemical Vapor deposition (PCVD).

3. Briefly describe the major reasons for the cabling of optical fibers which are
to be placed in a field environment. Thus state the functions of the optical
fiber cable.
a. Fiber protection: To protect against fiber damage and breakage both
during installation and throughout the life of the fiber.
b. Stability of the fibre transmission characteristics: To have good
stable transmission and minimized optical attenuation.
c. Cable strength: To improved by incorporating a suitable strength
member and by giving the cable a properly designed thick outer
sheath.
d. Identification and jointing of the fibers within the cable: To use
multiple jointing techniques rather than jointing each fiber
individually.
4. Explain how the Griffith theory is developed in order to predict the fracture
stress of an optical fiber with an elliptical crack.
a. This theory assumes that the surface flaws are narrow cracks with
small radii of curvature at their tips, It indicates that deeper cracks
have higher stress at their tips.
5. Silica has a Youngs modulus of 910^10 Nm2 and a surface energy of 2.29
J. Estimate the fracture stress in psi for a silica optical fiber with a dominant
elliptical crack of depth 0.5m. Also, determine the strain at the break for
the fiber (1 psi 6894.76 N m2).
33-35

6. Another length of the optical fiber described in Problem 4.8 is found to


break at 1% strain. The failure is due to a single dominant elliptical crack.
Estimate the depth of this crack ( E =stress/strain)

7. Describe the effects of stress corrosion on optical fiber strength and


durability. It is found that a 20 m length of fused silica optical fiber may be
extended to m at liquid nitrogen temperatures (i.e. little stress corrosion)
before failure occurs. Estimate the fracture stress in psi for the fiber under
these conditions. Youngs modulus for silica is 910^10Nm2 and 1 psi
6894.76 N m.

8. Outline the phenomena that can affect the stability of the transmission
characteristics in optical fiber cables and describe any techniques by which
these problems may be avoided

a. The phenomenon known as microbending , results from


small lateral forces exerted on the fiber during the cabling process
and it causes losses due to radiation in both multimode and single-
mode fibers

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