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IT Infrastructure and Platforms (Part I) IT Infrastructure and Platforms (Part I)

Here are the answers to the quick quiz questions: 1. They are using Cisco to upgrade their network infrastructure for better performance, reliability and security. The benefits include faster internet access, ability to support more devices on campus, and integrated security features. 2. They tried to emphasize web application security because student and faculty information is sensitive. They implemented multi-factor authentication, encryption of sensitive data, regular security audits and training for IT staff on security best practices. 3. They are using elements of edge computing by distributing processing load across multiple web servers located at the edge of the network. This improves performance and allows handling spikes in traffic more efficiently. It's not purely grid or on-demand computing as they are managing the

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56 views31 pages

IT Infrastructure and Platforms (Part I) IT Infrastructure and Platforms (Part I)

Here are the answers to the quick quiz questions: 1. They are using Cisco to upgrade their network infrastructure for better performance, reliability and security. The benefits include faster internet access, ability to support more devices on campus, and integrated security features. 2. They tried to emphasize web application security because student and faculty information is sensitive. They implemented multi-factor authentication, encryption of sensitive data, regular security audits and training for IT staff on security best practices. 3. They are using elements of edge computing by distributing processing load across multiple web servers located at the edge of the network. This improves performance and allows handling spikes in traffic more efficiently. It's not purely grid or on-demand computing as they are managing the

Uploaded by

Umair Mirza
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Management Information System

IT Infrastructure
and Platforms
(Part I)
IT INFRASTRUCTURE

Defining IT Infrastructure
• Includes hardware, software, and services

• A set of physical devices and software applications


that are required to operate the entire enterprise

• Your firm is largely dependent on its infrastructure for


delivering services to customers, employees, and
suppliers.

• You can think of infrastructure as digital plumbing,


but its much more than that!
IT INFRASTRUCTURE

The Connection between the Firm, IT Infrastructure, and


Business Capabilities
IT INFRASTRUCTURE

Levels of IT Infrastructure

Three major levels of infrastructure:

• Public

• Enterprise

• Business unit
IT INFRASTRUCTURE

A Multitiered Client/Server Network (N-tier)


IT INFRASTRUCTURE

Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution

Moore’s Law
The law of mass
digital storage

Metcalfe’s law

Declining
communications
costs and the Internet
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

The IT Infrastructure Ecosystem


INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Operating System Platforms

• $100 billion annually spent in the United States

• Continued dominance of Microsoft OS in the


client (95%) and handheld market (45%)

• Growing dominance of Linux (UNIX) in the


corporate server market (85%)

• Windows 2002 and 2003 Server remains strong in


smaller enterprises and workgroup networks
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Enterprise Software Applications

• $165 billion annually spent in the United States


for basic enterprise software infrastructure

• SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft (now Oracle), and Siebel


dominate this market.

• Middleware firms like BEA and JD Edwards serve


smaller firms, and work also in the Web services
space.
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Enterprise Software Applications


(Continued)

• The enterprise market is consolidating around a


few huge firms that have gained significant
market share such as SAP and Oracle.

• Microsoft is expanding into smaller firm


enterprise systems where it can build on its
Windows server-installed base.
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Data Management and Storage

• $70 billion annually spent in the United States.

• Oracle and IBM continue to dominate the


database software market.

• Microsoft (SQL Server) and Sybase tend to serve


smaller firms.

• Open source Linux MySQL now supported by HP


and most consulting firms as an inexpensive,
powerful database used mostly in small to mid-
size firms.
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Data Management and Storage (Continued)

• $35 billion annually spent in the United States for


physical hard disk storage

• The hard disk market is consolidating around a


few huge firms like EMC and smaller PC hard disk
firms like Seagate, Maxtor, and Western Digital
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Networking/Telecommunications Platforms

• $150 billion annually spent on networking and


telecommunications hardware

• $700 billion annually spent on telecommunications


services, e.g. phone and Internet connectivity

• Local area networking still dominated by


Microsoft Server (about 75%) but strong growth
of Linux challenges this dominance
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Networking/Telecommunications Platform (Continued)


• Enterprise networking almost entirely Linux or
UNIX

• Cisco, Lucent, Nortel, and Juniper Networks


continue to dominate networking hardware.

• The telecommunications services market is


highly dynamic with MCI, AT&T, and Sprint
providing most trunk line services for both phone
and Internet.

• Growth of non-telephone Wi-Fi and Wi-Max


services, and Internet telephony
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Internet Platforms

• $32 billion annually spent on Internet


infrastructure in the United States

• Internet hardware server market concentrated in


Dell, HP, and IBM

• Prices falling rapidly by up to 50% in a single year


for low-power servers
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Internet Platforms (Continued)

• Open-source Apache remains the dominant Web


server software, followed by Microsoft’s IIS
server.

• Sun’s Java grows as the most widely used tool


for interactive Web applications.

• Microsoft and Sun settle a long-standing law suit


and agree to support a common Java.
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Consulting and System Integration Services


• Most firms today, even large firms, cannot
develop their systems without significant outside
help.

• $130 billion annually spent on computer system


design, and related business services like
business process redesign in the United States

• About 85% of business consulting in the United


States involves IT business consulting.
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Grid Computing:

• Involves connecting geographically remote


computers into a single network capable of
working in parallel on business problems that
require short-term access to large computational
capacity

• Rather than purchase huge mainframes or super


computers, firms can chain together thousands
of smaller desktop clients into a single
computing grid.
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Grid Computing (Continued)


• Most computers in the world are loafing, and at
night they are sleeping.

• It is estimated that from 25% - 50% of the


computing power in the United States is unused.

• Grid computing saves infrastructure spending,


increases speed of computing, and increases the
agility of firms.

• Examples: Royal Dutch/Shell Group and the


National Digital Mammography Archive
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

On-Demand (Utility) Computing:

• Firms off-loading peak demand for computing


power to remote, large-scale data processing
centers

• Developed by IBM, SUN, and HP

• Firms pay only for the computing power they use,


as with an electrical utility.
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

On-Demand (Utility) Computing: (Continued)

• Excellent for firms with spiked demand curves


caused by seasonal variations in consumer
demand, e.g. holiday shopping

• Example: Harry and David use IBM’s On-Demand


computing

• Saves firms from purchasing excessive levels of


infrastructure
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Edge Computing:

• Edge computing is a multitier, load-balancing


scheme for Web-based applications.

• Processing load is distributed closer to the user


and handled by lower-cost servers.

• Lowers cost of hardware


CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Edge Computing: (Continued)

• Increases service levels

• Provides firm greater flexibility in responding to


service requests

• Seasonal spikes in demand can be off-loaded to


other edge servers.
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Edge Computing Platform

Figure 6-12
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

The Rise of Linux and Open-Source Software


• Open-source software is free and can be modified
by users.

• Developed and maintained by a worldwide


network of programmers and designers under the
management of user communities
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

The Rise of Linux and Open-Source Software


(Continued)
• Linux is the most widely used open-source
software program. Linux is an operating system
derived from Unix.

• Mozilla Firefox browser and Thunderbird mail


clients are the most widely used open-source
applications. Others include MySQL.

• IBM, HP, Intel, Dell, and Sun have adopted and


support Linux. Linux is a major alternative to
Windows server and even client operating systems.
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Java Is Everywhere
Java:
• An operating system—Independent, processor-
independent, object-oriented programming
language

• Applications written in Java can run on any


hardware for which a Java virtual machine has
been defined.

• Java is embedded in PDAs, cell phones, and


browsers.

• Java is a leading interactive programming


environment for the Web.
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Software for Enterprise Integration:


• One of the most important software trends of the
last decade is the growth of “enterprise in a box”
or the purchase of enterprise-wide software
systems by firms.

• Rather than build all their own software on a


custom basis, large firms increasingly purchase
enterprise applications prewritten by specialized
software firms like SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, and
others.
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Software for Enterprise Integration: (Continued)


• The goal is to achieve an integrated firm-wide
information environment, reduce cost, increase
reliability, and to adopt business best practices
which are captured by the software.

• Enterprise software firms achieve economies of scale


by selling the same software to hundreds of firms.

• Today's enterprise systems are capable of


integrating older legacy applications with newer
Web-based applications.
CONTEMPORARY HARDWARE
PLATFORM TRENDS

Video Case :
George Washington University
Quick Quiz

George Washington University : Using Cisco


1. Why they are using Cisco ? What are the benefits ?

2. Why they tried to emphasize their web application


secure ? What are their efforts to do that ?

3. Are they using grid computing, on demand


computing or edge computing concept ? Explain
your answer.

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