Calc 1 and 2:

21. To prepare a solution of 50% sulfuric acid, a dilute waste acid containing 28% sulfuric acid
is fortified with a purchased acid containing 96% sulfuric acid. How many kilograms of the
purchased acid must be bought for a 100 kg dilute acid.

Given:
50% sulfuric acid
96% sulfuric acid
28% sulfuric acid at 100 kg

Reqd: kg of 96% sulfuric acid

Soln
Let x = kg of 96% sulfuric acid
0.5(100 + x) = 0.28(100) + 0.96(x)
x= 47.8261 kg

ANS: B. 55

Thermo 2
12. The compression ratio of an ideal air Otto cycle is 6:1. P1 is 14.7 psia, T1 is 68F. Find the
pressure and temperature at state 2.

Given:
r=6
P1= 14.7 psia
T1= 68F

Reqd: P2. And T2

Soln
T 2 y1
=r
T1
T2 1.41
=6
(68+ 460 ) R
T2= 1081.1711 R

P2
=r y
P1
P2 1.4
=6
14.7
P2= 180.6047 psia

ANS: B. 180.6 psia, 1081 R

Transpo
44. Engine oil with kinematic viscosity 0f 0.00024 m2/ sec is flowing inside an annulus at 0.5
m/sec. Annulus is made up of 3 in Sched 40 and 1 in Sched 40 concentric pipes 10 m long.
Pressure drop expressed in meters of oil is

Given:
Kinematic viscosity= 0.00024 m2/sec
Annulus: 3 in Sched 40 & 1 in Sched 40
L=10 m

Reqd: Pressure drop

Soln:

3 in Sched 40 (OD 3.5 in, ID=3.068 in= 0.0779 m)

1 in Sched 40 (OD=1.315=0.0334 m ID=0.133)
( ID )2 ( 0.0779 )2
Inner cross section are of the larger pipe = = =4.7661 x 103
4 4
2 2
( OD ) ( 0.0334 )
Outer cross section are of the smaller pipe = = =8.7616 x 104
4 4
Cross sectional area of the annulus= Inner Outer=3.8899 x 10 -3

Inner circumference of the larger pipe = ( ID )= ( 0.0779 )=0.2447 m

Outer circumference of the smaller pipe = ( OD )= ( 0.0334 )=0.1049 m
Wetted perimeter = Cinner + Couter=0.2447 + 0.1049 = 0.3496 m

3
Area 3.8899 x 10
Dh= 4x =4 x =0.0445 m
Wetted perimeter 0.3496
Flow velocity=0.5 m/sec
Relative roughness= 0.0457 mm=4.57x10-5 m

Reynoldsnumber=( v ) ( Dhu )= 0.50.00024

x (0.0445)
=92.7083
16 16
Fanning friction factor f= = =0.1726
92.7083
2 2
hf =2 f( )( )
L
Dh
x
V
g
=2 ( 0.1726 )
10
(
0.0445
x )( )
0.5
9.81
=1.9769 m

ANS: C. 1.98
Heat
21.Consider the following 30 m2 parallel flow heat exchanger specifications:
Cold fluid enters at 40C: Cc=20000 W/K
Hot fluid enters at 150C: Ch=10,000 W/K
Determine the hot and cold exit temperatures using the effectiveness NTU method.

Given:
A= 30 m2
U= 500 W/m2-K
Cc=20000 W/K
Ch=10,000 W/K
Tc1=40C
Th1=150C

Reqd: Th2, Tc2

Soln:

UA ( 500 ) (30)
NTU = = =1.5
Cmin 10000
Cmin 10000
= =0.5
Cmax 20000

1e
{ (
NTU 1 +
Cmin
Cmax )}
1e {1.5 ( 1+0.5 )}
effectiveness of = =0.5964
Cmin 1+0.5
1+
Cmax
Q=effectiveness ( Cmin ) (Th 1Tc 1 )= ( 0.5964 ) ( 10000 ) (15040 )=656040 W
Q 656040
Th2=Th1 =150 =84.396C
Ch 10000

Q 656040
Tc 2=Tc 1+ =40+ =72.802C
Cc 20000

ANS: D.84.44C, 72.78C

Sepa (IM NOT SURE)
61. Eight thousand kg/hr of a solution of 80% wt naphthalene and 20% wt benzene at 70C is
cooled to 30C to form naphthalene crystals. If equilibrium is achieved, determine the kg of
crystals formed and the composition in wt% of the mother liquor.
Given:
F= 8000 kg/hr
Xf= 0.8
Tsoln= 70C
Tmother liquor and T crystals= 30C

Reqd: kg/hr crystals, %w benzene in mother liquor

Soln:
Melting point of naphtha = 80.2
Enthalpy of fusion of naphtha= 19.29 kJ/mol
Mole fraction of solute at equilibrium is a function of the heat of fusion:
J

( )
19290
mol 1 1
( )
x 2=e
( (
Hf 1

1
R T 1 Tm ))
=e
8.314
J
molK
30+273.15 K 80.2+ 273.15

=0.3371

The solubility of naphthalene at 30C

100 parts benzene
0.3371 x
78 mol benzene parts naphthalene 83.4500 parts naphthalene
x 128 =
10.3371 mol 100 partsbenzene

If no evaporation is formed:

TMB: F= Crystals + Mother liquor + Evaporated

But E=0;
8000= Crystals + Mother liqour
CMB: xfF= xcC + xmM
0.8(8000)=C + (83.45/183.45) M
Xc=1

Crystals=5064.8 kg/hr
Mother liqour=2935.2 kg/hr

At 30C
 83.45 parts naphthalene napthalene crystals formed
=
183.45 parts solution kg
2935.2 mother liqour
hr
Naphthalene crystals formed in Mother liquor= 1335.2 kg/hr

2935.21335.2
benzenemother liqour= =0.5451 benzene
2935.2

ANS: B. 5090 kg/hr crystals; 55 wt% benzene

Momentum
4.A suspension in water of uniformly sized spheres of diameter 100 um and density 1200 kg/m 3
has a solids volume fraction of 0.2. The suspension settles to a bed of solids volume fraction
0.5. The single particle terminal velocity of the spheres in water may be taken as 1.1 mm/s
Calculate the velocity at which the sediment/suspension interface rises.
0.21 mm/s
0.36 mm/s
0.26 mm/s
0.29 mm/s

The velocity of the interface between initial suspension (B) and sediment (S) istherefore:U
int,

( Velocity at initial suspension )( Solids conc ' n at initial suspension )( velocity at sediment ) (solids
U at interface=
Solids con c ' nat initial suspensionsolids concentration at sediment

velocity at initial suspension

velocity at initial suspension ( 0.20 ) 0
u at interface= =0.6667
0.200.5

From No.3 velocity at initial suspension is 0.3897 mm/s.

Velocity at interface= (0.3897)(-0.6667) = - 0.2598 mm/s

(Negative sign signifies that interface is moving upward)
ANS: C. 0.26 mm/s
Sepa no.61
Eight thousand kg/hr of a solution of 80% wt naphthalene and 20% wt benzene at 70C is
cooled to 30C to form naphthalene crystals. If equilibrium is achieved, determine the kg of
crystals formed and the composition in wt% of the mother liquor.