MANGO PRODUCTION

Reviews of literature

Topic: MANGO IN PAKISTAN: A CHRONOLOGICAL REVIEW

Author(s): Muhammad Usman*, B. Fatima, M. Mumtaz Khan and M. Ibrahim Chaudhry

Abstract:

Mango is the second most important fruit crop of Pakistan after Citrus. Its chronology has been
reviewed since 1957 to present. In 1970's, Pakistan was the second largest mango producer in
the world that have dropped upto 5th level now and declining trend may continue if the crop
production and management is not properly dealt. Maximum average yield (9.98 tons/ha) since
1957 was found in the era 1995-2001. Punjab surpassed Sindh in 1980's regarding area under
mango cultivation and has been leading in average yield per hectare since 1960's. Now, Punjab
is yielding almost double crop than Sindh. Major threats to mango industry of Pakistan involve
unfruitfulness and malformation which needs thorough study of the problem and research
work. Biotechnology offer solutions to many such problems in other crops but needs to be
explored for mango in Pakistan.

Topic: MANGO PRODUCTION AND WORLD MARKET: CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE
PROSPECTS

Author(s): V. Galn Saco

Abstract:

According to FAO statistics for the year 2000 at least 87 countries produced mangoes,
continuing a smooth increase reaching slightly over 25 million tons compared to the 23.9
million recorded in 1996. Although exports have experienced a tremendous growth, prices have
gone down, especially in the USA and the EU. Worldwide, the leading exporters are Mexico, the
Philippines and Pakistan. With the exception of Southeast Asia, Australia and some African
countries, which have their own varieties, most countries still produce and export cultivars
developed in Florida, such as Haden, Tommy Atkins, Kent and Keitt. The mango has
become a fairly common commodity for most consumers, so it is unlikely that market increases
continue to rise as they have during the last few years. A solution to increasing consumption
without further reductions in price might be possible if new cultivars of improved appearance
and quality environmentally friendly cultivation systems were to be developed.

Topic: The mango production and marketing system in Sindh Pakistan: constraints and
opportunities.

Author(s) : Khushk, A. M.

Abstract:

In 1995, interviews were completed with 120 producers, 20 contractors, 20 commission

agents, 15 wholesalers, 20 retailers and 10 exporters to analyse the present production
and marketing system of mangoes in Sindh, Pakistan. With 8-9 t/ha, mango yields are quite low
and markets are not functioning efficiently. The following techniqueswere used to identify the
main production and marketing constraints: crop budgeting, gross margin
calculation, investment appraisal, deconstruction of the marketing margin, profitability analysis,
price correlation coefficients and market cointegration analysis, analysis of transaction costs
and risk sharing of market traders. More than 90% of the producers sold harvesting rights to
contractors. The producers' share of the retail price was 25%. The other shares were:
contractors (43%), commission agents (6%), wholesalers (5%) and retailers (21%). There is little
integration among regional markets in Pakistan. No strong evidence was found of collusion
among agencies, with prices at each stage normally set by supply and demand factors, while
the spread of information regarding quantity and price is rapid amongst all agencies other than
producers. It is concluded that the marketing system is sufficiently competitive to prevent
market traders from reaping excessive margins.
Topic: MANGO PRODUCTION IN INDIA

Author(s): S.S. Negi

Abstract:

Mango, the most important fruit of India, is grown in an area of 1.23 million ha with an annual
production of 10.99 million tonnes, which accounts for 57.18 per cent of the total world
production. This paper presents information on area and production, cultivars, hybrids and
clone, agrotechniques, disorders, insect pests and diseases, harvest and postharvest
management, export, problems and prospects of growing mango in India.

Topic: An overview of preharvest factors influencing mango fruit growth, quality and
postharvest behaviour

Author(s): Mathieu Lchaudel and Jacques Joas

Abstract:

Environmental factors are one of the main sources of variation of mango quality, as has been
described in various studies and reviewed in this paper. These preharvest factors affect both
fruit growth during its development by changing the accumulation of water and dry matter,
including biochemical and mineral compounds, and fruit behaviour during its storage. Having
knowledge of and then being able to control changes in fruit quality in response to
environmental conditions may be essential to adopting cultural practices that will provide high
quality fruits and to defining optimal postharvest procedures that will take fruit production
conditions into account. A way to improve final mango quality traits such as size, colour, taste,
nutritional value and flavour is also to build an integrated approach that links the two
categories of factors, preharvest and postharvest, which influence the various components of
mango quality. This approach can combine experiments and models since fruit is a highly
complex system.
Topic: Advances in research and development of mango industry

Author(s): Ian S. E. Bally

Abstract:

World mango production is spread over 100 countries that produce over 34.3 million tons of
fruit annually. Eighty percent of this production is based in the top nine producing nations that
also consume upward of 90% of their production domestically. One to 2 percent of fruit is
traded internationally in to markets in the European Community, USA, Arabian Peninsula and
Asia. This paper outlines some of the recent research and development advances in mango
breeding and genomics, rootstock development, disease management and harvest technologies
that are influencing the production and quality of mango fruit traded domestically and
internationally.

Topic: FORECASTING MANGO PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN

Author(s): Munir Khan, Khalid Mustafa, Mussawar Shah, Naushad Khan and Jehan Zeb Khan

Abstract:

Production of Mango in Pakistan has increased due to use of improved farm inputs and better
management practices. Despite an increased production and rising demand in the export
market, the potential of Mango export has, however, not been fully achieved. Pakistan has
comparative advantage in the production of Mango and enormous potential exists for its
export in the vast Middle East market. The study was undertaken to forecast production of
Mango for the years 2005 through 2024. The Log linear and ARIMA models were used to
forecast production of Mango. The predicted value of production of Mango for the year 2024
worked out as 1431010 metric tons, which means that an increased output of Mango would be
available for consumption as well as for export. The paper underlines the need for taking
measure to increase export of Mango by improving its quality, packaging and complying with
international standards required under the WTO regime.
TOPIC: MANGO PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA

Author(S): Ian S.E. Bally, P.R. Johnson, V.J. Kulkarni

Abstract:

In Australia mangoes are grown in four States between the latitudes of 12 and 39 S.
Production starts in the Northern Territory and Kimberley regions in early October, followed by
the Queensland Dry Tropics in mid November, Mareeba in early December, Central Queensland
in late December, and South East Queensland and Northern New South Wales in early January.
The total Australian production in the 1997/1998 season was 46,254 metric tons. Queensland
produced 36,016 tons, Northern Territory, 7,700 tons, Western Australia, 2,392 tons, New
South Wales 146 tons. Queensland is the largest producing state with the Dry Tropics and
Mareeba districts producing the most fruit. 80% of the crop is produced as fresh produce and
20% is processed. Of the fresh fruit, 90% is sold on the Australian domestic market and 10%
exported. The major export markets are Hong Kong (55%) and Singapore (27%). Production is
made up of several cultivars, with Kensington Pride making up 80%, R2E2 8%, Keitt 8%
and other varieties the rest.

TOPIC: PERFORMANCE OF MANGO VARIETIES IN THE MARGINAL LANDS

Autors(S): V.R. Balasubrahmanyam, A.V. Dhake, P. Moitro, B.T. Karangale

Abstract:

Jain Group of Industries has established a banana and mango processing plant of 140 t/day
capacity, which is Kosher Certified. The Group has undertaken large scale planting of mango in
its captive Research and Development farm. For this purpose large chunk of area of hilly terrain
and plataeu hitherto lying waste has been acquired. The farm in its different sites has varied soil
types which are mostly marginal soils. Encouraged by the initial success of some of the mango
cultivars planted early in the farm, the area under mangoes has since been increased to about
130 ha with about 60,000 mango grafts of varieties such as Alphonso, Baneshan, Dashehari,
Kesar, Mallika, Ratna, Totapuri etc. The limiting factors as obtained on specific sites were made
good by adopting improved production technology. The present paper deals with the improved
techniques adopted for raising mango plantations and performance of mango cultivars on these
marginal soils.