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Talk To Me in Korean - Level 3

Talk to me in Korean complete lessons (1-30) for Level 3; includes dialogue.

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80% found this document useful (5 votes)
6K views99 pages

Talk To Me in Korean - Level 3

Talk to me in Korean complete lessons (1-30) for Level 3; includes dialogue.

Uploaded by

Lucy Arianna
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TalkToMeInKorean.

com - Free Korean Lesson Notes


LEVEL 3 LESSON 1

Welcome to Level 3 and congratulations on making it through to the 3rd level in the Talk-

ToMeInKorean curriculum! In Level 3, we will be building upon what weve already introduced

through Level 1 and Level 2, as well as reviewing some grammar points that we already covered

in the previous levels.

Today, in this lesson, we are looking at a word that is very commonly used in everyday Korean

not only for its original meaning, but for its more colloquial meaning as well.

Basic meaning

- [neo-mu] = too (much), excessively

The basic meaning of [neo-mu] is too much or excessively.

For example:

. [neo-mu keo-yo]

= Its too big.

. [neo-mu bi-ssa-yo]

= Its too expensive.

. [neo-mu ppal-la-yo]

= Its too fast.

Colloquial usage
- = very, quite (sometimes also used in short as , only in spoken language)

Although the basic meaning of the word is too much or excessively, in colloquial Ko-

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 1

rean, it also has the meaning of very, quite, or really.

For example:

. [neo-mu ma-si-sseo-yo]

= Its really tasty.

. [neo-mu jo-a-yo]

= Its really good.

= Im really happy about it.

. [neo-mu jal dwae-sseo-yo.]

= Its really well done.

= You did such a good job.

Sample sentences
1. ! [ jeo sa-ram neo-mu meo-si-sseo-yo.]

= That guy is really cool.

2. . [i-geo neo-mu jo-a-yo.]

= I really like this.

3. . [yeo-gi neo-mu si-kkeu-reo-wo-yo.]

= Its too noisy here.

4. . . [neo-mu jo-a-yo. geu-reon-de neo-mu bi-ssa-yo.]

= Its really good. But its too expensive.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 1

The word used to be used only in negative contexts or sentences, but it gradually began

to be used in positive meanings as well. Now, most people use in both ways.

ex)

. [neo-mu deo-wo-yo.] = Its too hot. / Its very hot.

. [neo-mu jol-lyeo-yo.] = Im too sleepy. / Im very sleepy.

. [neo-mu ba-ppa-yo.] = Im too busy. / Im very busy.

is usually combined with adjectives but it can also be used with verbs as well.

ex)

. [neo-mu bo-go si-peo-yo.] = I miss you/him/her/them so much.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 2

Now, everyone, its time to start looking at more ways to make compound sentences in Korean.

Of course there are many different ways to make compound nouns depending on what you

want to say, but in this lesson, we are looking at how to use the verb ending - [-go].

- [-go]

What does - do? Do you remember the conjunction, [geu-ri-go]? Yes, means

and or and then in Korean, and when you use - after a verb stem, it has the same mean-

ing as . By using the verb ending - instead of ending the sentence with just one verb

and then starting the next one with , you can save a lot of time and make the logic in

your sentence more clear.

. .

[i chae-geun jae-mi-i-sseo-yo. geu-ri-go i chae-geun ssa-yo.]

= This book is interesting. And this book is cheap.

But since you are talking about the same subject in the second sentence, you can just omit

. .

= This book is interesting. And (its) cheap.

But you can make it even shorter and combine the two sentences together by saying:

[i chae-geun jae-mi-it-go ssa-yo.]

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 2

= This book is interesting and cheap.

Construction:
Verb stem + - + another verb

Ex) , , .

[i chae-geun jae-mi-it-go, ssa-go, jo-a-yo.]

= This book is interesting, cheap and good.

Attention:
When you make a compound sentence in English using the conjunction and to connects two

smaller sentences, you need to make the tenses of the verbs agree. However, in Korean, thats

not absolutely necessary and sometimes it sounds even unnatural to try to use the same tens-

es for every verb, especially the future tense and the past tense. Most native Korean speakers

usually just use the past tense or the future tense in only one last verb.

Past tense example:


.

[eo-je chin-gu-reul man-na-sseo-yo.]

= I met a friend yesterday.

[geu-ri-go yeong-hwa-reul bwa-sseo-yo.]

= And I saw a movie.

Lets put the two sentences above together.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 2

. .

, .

[eo-je chin-gu-reul man-nat-go, yeong-hwa-reul bwa-sseo-yo.]

= I met a friend yesterday and saw a movie.

But you can also say , . with the part in the present

tense.

Future tense example:

[nae-il yeong-hwa-reul bol geo-ye-yo.]

= I will watch a movie tomorrow.

[seo-jeo-me gal geo-ye-yo.]

= I will go to a bookstore.

Lets put them together.

. .

, .

[nae-il yeong-hwa-reul bol geo-go, seo-jeo-me gal geo-ye-yo.]

= I will watch a movie, and go to a bookstore.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 2

But you can also just say , .

Remember?

Do you remember that (or in this case, -) has the meaning of and after that or and

then? Therefore, making compound sentences using - is a good way of talking about things

that happened or will happen in a sequence.

Sample sentences

1. , .

[nae-i-reun chin-gu man-na-go, seo-jeo-me gal geo-ye-yo.]

= As for tomorrow, Im going to meet a friend and go to a bookstore.

2. , , .

[chaek il-go, gong-bu-ha-go, un-dong-hae-sseo-yo.]

= I read a book, studied, and did some exercise.

3. 9 , 10 .

[gu-wo-re-neun han-gu-ge ga-go, si-wo-re-neun il-bo-ne gal geo-ye-yo.]

= In September I will go to Korea, and in October I will go to Japan.

4. , , , . .

[keo-pi ma-si-go, do-neo-cheu meok-go, ke-ik meok-go, u-yu ma-syeo-sseo-yo. bae bul-leo-

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 2
yo.]

= I drank some coffee, ate a donut, ate some cake, and drank some milk. Im full.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 3

This is a lesson where we will be looking at how to describe relative locations of things and

people.

First of all, lets look at how to ask where something or someone is. The word for where is

[eo-di] and the word for to be is [it-da]. So for the present tense, you can ask

? [eo-di i-sseo-yo?]. Or if you want to be more accurate, you can add the location marking

particle - [-e] and say ? [eo-di-e i-sseo-yo?]

? [eo-di i-sseo-yo?]

= ? [eo-di-e i-sseo-yo?]

= Where is it? / Where are you? / Where are they?

Now in order to give response to this question, you need to know these five one-syllable

words.

[ap] = front

[dwi] = back

[yeop] = side

[wi] = top

[mit] = bottom

To these words, you add - [-e], the location marking particle to use them with other words.

[a-pe] = in front of

[dwi-e] = behind

[yeo-pe] = beside, next to

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 3

[wi-e] = over, on top of

[mi-te] = under, below

In English, these words come BEFORE the words that they modify, but in Korean, they come

AFTER the words.

Examples:

[ ja-dong-cha] = car, automobile

= in front of the car

= behind the car

= beside the car, next to the car

= on the car, on top of the car

= under the car

Combined with :

. = Its in front of the car.

. = Its behind the car.

. = Its next to the car.

. = Its on top of the car.

. = Its under the car.

If you remember, - [-e] is only used with the status of a person or an object, and when you

want to express actions and behaviors that are happening, you need to use - [-e-seo].

For example,

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 3

Q: ?

[chin-gu-reul eo-di-e-seo man-nal geo-ye-yo?]

= Where are you going to meet (your) friends?

** [eun-haeng] = bank

A: .

[eun-haeng a-pe-seo man-nal geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to meet (them) in front of the bank.

A: .

[eun-haeng dwi-e-seo man-nal geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to meet (them) behind the bank.

A: .

[eun-haeng yeo-pe-seo man-nal geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to meet (them) beside the bank.

[so-pa wi-e-seo ja-go i-sseo-yo.]

= Im sleeping on the sofa.

[na-mu mi-te-seo chae-geul il-go i-sseo-yo.]

= Im reading a book under the tree.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 4

There are times when you want to invite others to do something with you and ask shall we do

this together? and there are also times when you are making assumptions and ask yourself or

others I wonder what the weather will be like tomorrow or what will he say to that?

In Korean, you can use the same sentence ending for both of these purposes and more!

-()? [-(eu)l-kka-yo?]

Usage #1

- Asking oneself a question or showing doubt about something

Examples:

I wonder what is in this bag?

Will he be alright?

Will it be hot tomorrow?

What will she say?

etc.

Usage #2

- Raising a question and attracting attention of others

Examples:

Why did this happen? What do you think, everyone?

What do you think life is?

etc.

Usage #3

- Suggesting doing something together

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 4

Examples:

What shall we do now?

Shall we go to the movies?

Do you want me to help you?

etc.

How do you know which of these meanings it takes?


- Its fairly clear and easy to see which meaning it takes when you look at the context.

Construction

1. Verb stems ending with a consonant + -?

- (to eat) becomes ?

2. Verb stems ending with a vowel + -?

- (to see) becomes ?

3. (Exception) Verb stems ending with + -?

- (to sell) becomes ?

Construction for the past tense

You can add the past tense suffix -// right after the verb stem and before -() to

make an assumption about a past event. Since this is in the past tense, it can ONLY be used for

expressing doubt or curiosity.

Ex) Taliana ?

[eo-je Taliana-ga han-gu-ge wa-sseul-kka-yo?]

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 4

= Do you think Taliana came to Korea yesterday?

More examples

1. ?

[nae-il bi-ga ol-kka-yo?]

= Do you think it will rain tomorrow?

= I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.

= Will it rain tomorrow? What do you think?

(It CANNOT mean shall we... because shall we ... rain tomorrow? does not make sense.)

2. ?

[nae-il u-ri yeong-hwa bol-kka-yo?]

= Shall we see a movie tomorrow?

= Do you want to see a movie together tomorrow?

(It CANNOT mean I wonder if... because do you assume that we will see a movie tomorrow?

generally doesnt make sense.)

3. ?

[i sa-ram-eun nu-gu-il-kka-yo?]

= Who do you think this person is?

= Who is this person, I wonder?

= I wonder who this person is.

4. ? ?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 4

[keo-pi ma-sil-kka-yo? maek-ju ma-sil-kka-yo?]

= Shall we drink coffee? Shall we drink beer?

= Do you want to drink coffee or beer?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 5

In this lesson, we are going to look at how to say approximately or about when you talk

about quantity, frequency, time, etc. There are many different ways you can say this in Korean,

but the most commonly used expression is [ jjeum].

In English, about, approximately, and around are used BEFORE nouns. However, in Korean,

the word [ jjeum] is used AFTER nouns.

Examples

1 oclock = [han si]

Around 1 oclock = [han si-jjeum]

1,000 won = [cheon won]

About 1,000 won = [cheon won-jjeum]

One month = [han dal]

Approximately one month = [han dal-jjeum]

4km = 4 [sa kil-lo-mi-teo]

About 4 km = 4 [sa kil-lo-mi-teo jjeum]

Similar expressions

Similar words: [ jeong-do], [yak]

[ jeong-do] is used after nouns, just like [ jjeum], whereas [yak] is used BEFORE
nouns.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 5

[han dal] = one month

[han dal-jjeum] = about a month

[han dal jeong-do] = about a month

[yak han dal] = about a month

Note that has a space before it and doesnt. Sometimes people also use and

together or and together.

[yak han dal-jjeum] = about a month

[yak han dal jeong-do] = about a month

Sample sentences

1. 100 .

[baek-myeong-jjeum wa-sseo-yo.]

= About 100 people came.

2. 2 .

[do-gi-re-seo i-nyeon-jjeum sa-ra-sseo-yo.]

= I lived in Germany for about two years.

3. ?

[eon-je-jjeum gal geo-ye-yo?]

= About when are you going to go?

4. ?

[nae-il myeot si-jjeum man-nal-kka-yo?]

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 5

= Around what time shall we meet tomorrow?

5. ?

[da-seot si-jjeum eo-ttae-yo?]

= How about around five oclock?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 6

Through our previous lessons, we have learned how to use the future tense. In this lesson, we

are introducing one more way of talking about a future action and looking at how the two ways

of talking about the future are different.

-() vs. -()

If you pronounce -() [-(eu)l geo-ye-yo] very quickly, it sounds similar to -()

[-(eu)l-ge-yo], so a lot of beginner-level and even advanced learners mix up the two very often,

but in fact these two sentence endings for the future are used for distinctively different pur-

poses.

Lets look at -() first.

-() [-(eu)l geo-ye-yo] is the basic way to express a future plan or action and you at-

tach this at the end of a verb stem.

[ha-da] = to do

+ - = [hal geo-ye-yo] = I will do ______. / I am going to do ______.

[bo-nae-da] = to send

+ - = [bo-nael geo-ye-yo] = I will send ______. / I am going to send

______.

[ut-da] = to laugh

+ - = [u-seul geo-ye-yo] = I will laugh.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 6

With -() , you are just expressing your intention or plan for a future action, or your

expectation for a future state, and this is NOT related to or affected by the reaction or the re-

quest of the person youre talking to.

And now lets look at -().

-() [-(eu)l ge-yo] is also attached after a verb stem and also expresses the future, but

it focuses more on your actions or decisions AS A REACTION TO or AS A RESULT OF what the

other person says.

Lets compare the two forms.

1.

vs.

[gong-bu-hal ge-ye-yo.]

= Im going to study.

= I will study.

(Here, regardless of what the other person is saying, you were ALREADY planning to study so

you will, and you are not changing your mind at all because of what the other person says.)

[gong-bu-hal-ge-yo.]

= I will study.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 6

= (If you say so,) I will study.

= (Since the circumstances are like this,) I will study.

= (If you dont mind,) I will study.

(Here, the other person says something to you, and you think Oh, in that case, I have to

study. so you say I will study then. Or you could be just saying it before the other person

says anything, but after you say this, you wait for the other persons reaction to see if they

have anything to say.)

2.

vs.

[ jeo-do gal geo-ye-yo.]

= I will go (there), too.

= Im going to go, too.

= Im coming along, as well.

[ jeo-do gal-ge-yo.]

= I will come along, too(, if you dont mind).

= (In that case,) I will go there, too.

= (OK, since you say so,) I will go, too.

So in summary, you use -() (instead of -() ) when:

1. you are changing your plan according to what the other person said

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 6

2. you want to check what the other person thinks by saying something and seeing their reac-

tion

3. you decide to do something because of something the other person said

More sample sentences:


1. ? .

[ ji-geum eo-di-ye-yo? ji-geum na-gal-ge-yo.]

= Where are you now? I will go out now.

(+ if you dont mind/if you want me to/unless you dont want me to/what do you think about

that?)

--> Here, if you say , it means that regardless of where the other person is,

you were already going to go out anyway, probably to an unrelated place.

2. . .

[ jeo gal-ge-yo. an-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo.]

= Im going to go. Take care.

(+ unless you want me to stay longer/unless theres something I have to stay longer to do)

--> Here, if you say , it means you dont care whether the other person wants you

to stay or not, and you will just leave any way, and in most cases, you dont want the other

person to ask you to stay, and you wont even if you are asked to.

3. ? .

[geu-rae-yo? da-si hal-ge-yo.]

= Is that so? Ill do it again.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 6

4. 4 . ?

[nae-il ne-si-jjeu-me gal-ge-yo. gwaen-cha-na-yo?]

= Ill be there at around 4 oclock tomorrow. Is that alright?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 7

In this lesson, we are going to look at another verb ending that you can use to connect two or

more verbs in one sentence. We learned the verb ending - [-go] in one of our previous les-

sons; - [-go] is used to connect independent actions and states together in one sentence, but

they do not necessarily have a strong logical relation to each other.

On the other hand, the verb ending we are looking at in this lesson, -//+, is a verb
ending that can show logical relation between the verbs.

Do you remember these two conjunctions- and (from Level 2 Lesson 3)?

[geu-ri-go] means and, and [geu-rae-seo] means therefore/so.

The verb ending - [-go] has the same meaning as [geu-ri-go], and the verb ending -

//+ has a similar meaning as [geu-rae-seo].

Lets look at the construction and usages of -//+ in more detail.

Construction
[meok-da] = to eat

(verb stem) + =

[man-deul-da] = to make

(verb stem) + =

[ha-da] = to do

(verb stem) + =

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 7

[o-da] = to come

(verb stem) + =

Usages
1. Reason + -// + result

2. An action + -// + another action that takes place after the first action

3. An action + -// + the purpose of or the plan after the action

4. Some fixed expressions

Examples for usages

Usage 1
Reason + -// + result

Example:

(it rains) + (cant go)

--> . [bi-ga wa-seo mot ga-yo.] = It rains, so I cant go.

--> . [bi-ga wa-seo mot ga-sseo-yo.] = It rained, so I couldnt go.

** Note that the tense was expressed only through the last verb.

. (Today, Im busy.) + . (I cant see the movie.)

--> . [o-neu-reun ba-ppa-seo yeong-hwa-reul mot bwa-yo.]

= Im busy today, so I cant watch the movie.

(to meet) + (to be glad to see someone)

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 7

--> . [man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da]

= I meet you so Im glad. = Its nice to meet you.

--> . [man-na-seo ban-ga-wo-yo]

= Im glad to meet you. (Less formal than the sentence above)

Usage 2
An action + -// + another action that takes place after the first action

(to go to the park) + (to read a book)

--> . [gong-wo-ne ga-seo chae-geul il-geul geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to go to the park and read a book.

** Note: This does NOT mean Im going to the park, so Im going to read a book.

** Also note that the tense is expressed through the last verb here as well.

(to meet a friend) + (to eat)

--> . [chin-gu-reul man-na-seo ba-beul meo-geo-sseo-yo.]

= I met a friend and ate together.

** Note that here, this sentence COULD mean that you met a friend so you ate together, but

in most cases, it will mean that you met a friend AND THEN ate together after that.

--> . [chin-gu-reul man-na-seo ba-beul meo-geul geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to meet a friend and eat together.

Usage 3
An action + -// + the purpose of or the plan after the action

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 7

(to save up, to save money) + (to do what)

--> ? (do-neul mo-a-seo mwo hal geo-ye-yo?) = What are you going

to do with the money you save up? (lit. You save up money and what will you do?)

(to buy a cake) + (to give to a friend)

--> . [ke-i-geul sa-seo chin-gu-han-te jul geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to buy a cake to/and give it to a friend.

Usage 4
Fixed expressions

There are some fixed expressions that basically use the same -// structure in them but

are not often used in other forms.

- [-e tta-ra-seo] = according to ~

Ex) [gye-hoe-ge tta-ra-seo jin-haeng-ha-ge-sseum-ni-da.]

= Ill proceed according to the plan.

[ye-reul deu-reo-seo] = for example

Ex) , . [ye-reul deu-reo-seo, i-reo-ke hal su i-sseo-yo.]

= For example, you can do it like this.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 7

Sample sentences
1. ? [han-gu-ge ga-seo mwo hal geo-ye-yo?]

= After you go to Korea, what are you going to do?

2. . [seo-u-re wa-seo jo-a-yo.]

= Since I came to Seoul, Im glad.

= Im glad to have come to Seoul.

3. .

[su-reul neo-mu ma-ni ma-syeo-seo meo-ri-ga a-pa-yo.]

= I drank too much so my head is aching.

4. . [bi-ga wa-seo ji-be i-sseo-sseo-yo.]

= It rained so I stayed at home.

5. .

[yo-jeu-me ba-ppa-seo chin-gu-deu-reul mot man-na-yo.]

= These days Im busy so I cant meet my friends.

6. .

[yeol-sim-hi gong-bu-hae-seo jang-hak-geu-meul ba-deul geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to study hard so I can get/and I will get a scholarship.

7. .

[han-gu-geo-ga neo-mu jae-mi-i-sseo-seo mae-il gong-bu-ha-go i-sseo-yo.]

= Korean is so much fun that Im studying it everyday.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 8

In this lesson, we are going to look at how to say that something is like or looks like something

else. (i.e. You are like an angel, This looks like coffee, or You are like my teacher.)

First, lets look at how to say that something is similar to something else.

[bi-seu-ta-da] = to be similar
- Present tense: [bi-seu-tae-yo] = it is similar

In order to say that A is similar to B, you need to use a particle that means with or together

with, which is - or -. (Go back to Level 2 Lesson 4 to review.)

A . [A-rang bi-seu-tae-yo.] = Its similar to A.

B . [B-ha-go bi-seu-tae-yo.] = Its similar to B.

Examples:

? = Is Tokyo similar to Seoul?

. = (a type of fruit) is similar to melon.

Now, lets look at the word for to be the same in Korean.

[gat-da] = to be the same


- Present tense: [ga-ta-yo] = its the same, they are the same

A . [A-rang ga-ta-yo.] = Its the same as A.

A B . [A-ha-go B-neun ga-ta-yo.] = A and B are the same.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 8

Examples:

? [i-geo-rang i-geo-rang ga-ta-yo?] = Are this and this the same?

. [u-ri-neun na-i-ga ga-ta-yo.] = We have the same age. (lit. For us, the

age is the same.)

Now you know how to use that something is similar to or the same as something else in

Korean, using - and - .

But if you use the word [gat-da] which means to be the same without the
particle - or -, it takes a different meaning.

Construction
Noun + = to be like + Noun / to look like + Noun / to seem to be + Noun

Examples:

. [keo-pi ga-ta-yo] = Its like coffee. / It seems to be coffee. / It looks like coffee.

. [geo-jit-mal ga-ta-yo] = It seems to be a lie. / It sounds like a lie.

. [ro-bot ga-ta-yo] = Its like a robot. / It seems to be a robot. / It looks like a robot.

Sample sentences:
1. . [ jeo sa-ram-eun ro-bot ga-ta-yo.]

= That person is like a robot.

2. . [gyeong-eun ssi-neun cheon-sa ga-ta-yo.]

= Kyeong-eun is like an angel.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 8

3. . [hyeo-nu ssi-neun cheon-jae ga-ta-yo.]

= Hyunwoo seems to be a genius.

4. . [geu i-ya-gi-neun geo-jit-mal ga-ta-yo.]

= That story sounds like a lie.

5. . [i go-yang-i-neun go-yang-i ga-ta-yo.]

= This puppy is like a cat.

In this lesson, we looked at how to use with nouns only. Lets look at how to use

with verbs and say many more things in the next lesson. Stay tuned!

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 9

In the previous lesson, we looked at how to use [ga-ta-yo] after nouns to mean it looks

like or it seems to be something.

Examples:
. [keo-pi ga-ta-yo.] = It looks like coffee. / I think its coffee.

. [ jeo sa-ram so-yeon ssi ga-ta-yo.] = That person looks like So-yeon. / I

think that person is So-yeon.

In the examples above, both and were nouns, so it is relatively simple to use

in the sentences. You just have to add after the nouns.

However, when you want to use with verbs, first you need to change the verb into its

noun form. There are a few different ways to change a verb into a noun, but here, we are going

to use the - form. We learned about this noun form in Level 2 Lesson 19.

Lets review a little bit.


1. Descriptive verbs

Verb stem + -()

Ex) [ye-ppeu-da] = to be pretty

[ye-ppeun geot] = being pretty, something pretty, the thing that is pretty

2. Action verbs

- Present tense

Verb stem + -

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 9

Ex) [mal-ha-da] = to talk, to speak, to say

[mal-ha-neun geot] = talking, what one is saying, the act of talking

- Past tense

Verb stem + -()

Ex) [mal-han geot] = what one said, the fact that one talked

- Future tense

Verb stem + -()

Ex) [mal-hal geot] = what one will say, the fact that one will talk

How to use with verbs


Now that weve reviewed how to change verbs into the - noun forms, we are almost

there! Since you already have the verbs in the noun forms, you just have to add after

the word .

-() = present tense for descriptive verbs / past tense for action verbs

- = present tense for action verbs

-() = future tense for action/descriptive verbs

What does - mean?


Even when is combined with verbs, since the - part already makes them nouns, the

basic meanings and usages are the same as Noun + .

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 9

1. It looks like...

2. It seems to be...

3. To me it looks like...

4. I think it is...

5. I think it will...

6. I think it was....

etc.

Examples
1. [i-sang-ha-da] = to be strange

+ = = It seems to be strange. / I think its strange.

2. [nu-ni o-da] = to snow

+ = = It seems to be snowing. / I think its snowing.

+ = = I think it will snow. / It seems like it will snow.

3. [i-ya-gi-ha-da] = to tell, to talk

+ =

= I think they told them. / It looks like they talked.

+ =

= I think they will talk. / It seems like they will talk.

+ =

= I think they are talking. / They seem to talk to each other.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 9

As you can see from the examples above, when you want to say I think in English, you can

use in Korean.

Sample sentences
1. .

[yeo-gi bi-ssan geot ga-ta-yo.]

= I think this place is expensive.

= It looks expensive here.

= This place seems to be expensive.

2. .

[geu-reon geot ga-ta-yo.]

= I think so.

= It seems to be so.

= It looks like it.

** Verb = (irregular) = to be so, to be that way

3. .

[i yeong-hwa jae-mi-i-sseul geot ga-ta-yo]

= I think this movie will be interesting.

= This movie looks like it will be interesting (to watch).

4. , .

[i ga-bang, yeo-gi-e-seo san geot ga-ta-yo.]

= This bag, it seems like we bought it here.

= I think I bought this bag here.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 9

5. .

[a-ma an hal geot ga-ta-yo.]

= I think I probably wont do it.

= It looks like we are probably not going to do it.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 10

In this lesson, we are going to learn how to say before -ing in Korean. As with many Korean

expressions and prepositions, the order is the opposite from English. In English, the word

before goes before the clause or the word, but in Korean this part goes after.

The key letter here is [ jeon]. The Chinese character for is and it means before, front,

or earlier. To this noun, you add the particle - [-e] to make it a preposition.

= before (+ noun)

[su-eop jeo-ne] = before class

[i-ryo-il jeo-ne] = before Sunday

1 [han-si jeo-ne] = before 1 oclock

Since is used after nouns, in order to use it with verbs, like before going or before

leaving, you need to change the verbs into nouns.

In our previous lesson, to use verbs before , we changed them into the - form, but

here, you need to change verbs into the - form, the first noun form of verbs that we learned

here at TalkToMeInKorean.com.

--> (going)

--> (buying)

--> (eating)

+
--> = before going

--> = before buying

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 10

--> = before eating

Examples

--> [ ji-be ga-gi jeo-ne]

= before going home, before you go home

--> [gong-bu-ha-gi jeo-ne]

= before studying, before you study

--> [do-neul nae-gi jeo-ne]

= before paying money, before you pay money

Sample sentences
1. ?

[yeo-gi o-gi jeo-ne mwo hae-sseo-yo?]

= What did you do before you came here?

2. .

[ ji-be ga-gi jeo-ne sul ma-sil geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to drink before I go home.

** = to go back home

3. .

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 10

[deu-reo-o-gi jeo-ne no-keu ha-se-yo.]

= Knock before you come in.

** = to come in

4. .

[sa-gi jeo-ne jal saeng-ga-ka-se-yo.]

= Think well before you buy it.

** = to buy

5. .

[do-mang-ga-gi jeo-ne ja-beu-se-yo.]

= Catch him before he runs away.

** = to run away

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 11

You have learned a lot about Korean verbs so far - conjugations, rules, etc. But just like many

other languages, Korean has some irregularities as well, which people started using more and

more often so they have become a fixed rule now.

Korean has much fewer verb irregularities than some other languages do, but you will

encounter these irregularities everywhere as you learn and speak Korean. We would like to

introduce one of them in this lesson.

irregular

This mean that if verbs have at the end of their verb stems, and they are followed by a suffix

that starts with a vowel, the part will change to or .

If the vowel before is , you change to .

If the vowel before is not , you change to .

Example
[dop-da] = to help

=++

--> + + =

** Note that it is NOT

[eo-ryeop-da] = to be difficult

= + +

--> + + . = .

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 11

[present tense]

[past tense]

[future tense]

[chup-da] = to be cold

--> + + = .

[present tense]

[past tense]

[future tense]

Some other irregular words:


[nup-da] = to lie down

[gup-da] = to bake

[deop-da] = to be hot (weather)

[swip-da] = to be easy

[meap-da] = to be spicy

[gwi-yeop-da] = to be cute

[mip-da] = to hate, to be dislikeable

[a-reum-dap-da] = to be beautiful

Remember that these verbs have irregular forms ONLY WHEN the suffix coming after them

start with a VOWEL. So if you have suffixes like - or -, they still keep the .

Irregularities in irregular verbs


Although the irregular rule is applied to most verbs that have in them, some verbs do

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 11

not follow this rule.

Action verbs
- [ip-da] = to wear

- [ jap-da] = to catch

- [ssip-da] = to bite

Descriptive verbs
- [ job-da] = to be narrow

- [neolp-da] = to be wide

These words still keep their in front of vowels.

Ex) --> (Not )

Ex) --> (Not )

Sample sentences
1. .

[i mun-je-neun eo-ryeo-wo-yo.]

= This problem is difficult.

2. .

[i-geo neo-mu gwi-yeo-wo-yo.]

= This is so cute.

3. .

[han-gu-geun gyeo-eu-re jeong-mal chu-wo-yo.]

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 11

= In Seoul, its really cold in winter.

4. TTMIK , .

[ttmik-e-seo gong-bu-ha-myeon, han-gu-geo gong-bu-ga swi-wo-yo.]

= If you study at TTMIK, studying Korean is easy.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 12

We have introduced a few different conjugations so far through our previous lessons, and today

we have one more interesting conjugation word to introduce.

The word is [geu-rae-do].

(In Level 2 Lesson 3, we introduced [geu-rae-seo], which means so, therefore, and

is only different at the end.)

means but still, however, or nonetheless.

Ex)

. ?

[bi-ga wa-yo. geu-rae-do gal geo-ye-yo?]

= Its raining. Are you still going?

Lets break it down:


= +

- = (to do it in such a way, to do that)

- = also, too, even

So the literal meaning of + is even if you do that even if that happens or if you

do that too and the meaning of still is added to the context.

Sample sentences
1. . .

[han-gu-geo-neun eo-ryeo-wo-yo. geu-rae-do jae-mi-i-sseo-yo.]

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 12

= Korean is difficult. But still, it is interesting.

2. . .

[eo-je-neun bi-ga wa-sseo-yo. geu-rae-do chuk-gu-reul hae-sseo-yo.]

= Yesterday, it rained. But still, we played soccer.

3. . .

[ jeo-do do-ni eop-seo-yo. geu-rae-do geok-jeong-ha-ji ma-se-yo.]

= I dont have money, either. But still, dont worry.

4. . .

[no-rae-bang-e ga-ya dwae-yo. geu-rae-do no-rae an hal geo-ye-yo.]

= I have to go to a . But still, Im not going to sing.

5. . .

[yo-jeum ba-ppa-yo. geu-rae-do han-gu-geo-reul gong-bu-ha-go i-sseo-yo.]

= Im busy these days. But Im still studying Korean.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 13

Korean and English are different in many ways, but one of the key differences is that in Korean,

adjectives also take the form of verbs. For example, if you say beautiful in English, that is

an adjective and you can look it up in the dictionary, but in Korean, you can only find

[ye-ppeu-da] in the dictionary, which is in the verb form and means to be beautiful and you

cant find [ye-ppeun], which means beautiful, in the dictionary.

Therefore, all the adjectives in English have to be in the to be + adjective form in order to

mean the same thing as the Korean descriptive verbs.

Examples

[ssa-da]

--> It does NOT mean cheap. It means to be cheap.

[ba-ppeu-da]

--> It does NOT mean busy. It means to be busy.

Since the adjectives are presented in the form of descriptive verbs in Korean, you can

conjugate them just like other action verbs whereas the adjectives never change forms.

For example, if you say It is fun. It was fun. and It will be fun., the word fun does not

change its form. But in Korean, since the descriptive verbs are conjugated, you change

[ jae-mi-it-da] to [ jae-mi-i-sseo-yo] (present tense), [ jae-mi-i-sseo-

sseo-yo] (past tense), and [ jae-mi-i-sseul geo-ye-yo] (future tense).

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 13

What if you want to use them as adjectives?


Good question. When you want to use descriptive verbs in the adjective form, you need to

change them to the -() form.

- Verb stems ending with a vowel + -

- Verb stems ending with a consonant + -

Examples

[ jak-da] = to be small

--> + - = [ ja-geun] = small

[ppa-reu-da] = to be fast

--> + - = [ppa-reun] = fast

[ jo-yong-ha-da] = to be quiet

--> + - = [ jo-yong-han] = quiet

[bi-ssa-da] = to be expensive

--> + - = [bi-ssan] = expensive

Exceptions

--> [ha-yan] = white [NOT ]

--> [geu-reon] = such [NOT ]

--> [dan] = sweet [NOT ]

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 13

Common Mistake

A lot of people make the mistake of trying to say to be () + adjective just like in

English.

( x )

( x )

This is incorrect. Since all the adjectives in Korea are descriptive verbs, you need to

conjugate them like verbs:

--> ( o )

--> ( o )

Sample sentences
1. .

[ jo-eun a-i-di-eo-ye-yo.]

= Its a good idea.

2. .

[i-sang-han sa-ra-mi-e-yo.]

= Hes a strange person.

3. ?

[deo ja-geun ga-bang i-sseo-yo?]

= Do you have a smaller bag?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 13

4. .

[si-won-han keo-pi ma-si-go si-peo-yo.]

= I want to drink some cold coffee.

5. .

[na-ppeun sa-ram-i-e-yo]

= He is a bad person.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 14

In the previous lesson, we looked at how to conjugate descriptive verbs and make adjectives

in Korean. You are now familiar with the fact that Korean and English have different systems

when it comes to using adjectives. But thats not it. In this lesson, let us look at how to make

adjectives out of verbs.

Again, adjectives are a part of speech that modifies nouns (usually) in front of them (i.e.

good in good idea and awesome in awesome music). And in Korean, not only descriptive

verbs but also action verbs can be used as adjectives, or more precisely, used in the form of

adjectives.

Example of descriptive verbs used as adjectives


Nice person (nice + person)

= descriptive verb + =

Fun game (fun + game)

= descriptive verb + =

Examples of action verbs used as adjectives


[no-rae-ha-neun sa-ram]

= (to sing) + (person)

= (the/a) person who sings

[ jo-a-ha-neun chaek]

= (to like) + (book)

= (the/a) book that I like

---> book who likes ( x )

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 14

As you can see above, when verbs are changed into the form of adjectives, the meaning can

depend on the context, so what you have to do is just know that the adjective is somehow

modifying the noun, and from the overall context, figure out what the adjective part means.

Conjugation
: Verb stem + -

(Verb stems ending with drop the and are followed by -)

The adjective part in certain sentences can be longer than just one word.

For example:
[ jo-a-ha-da] = to like, to love

Adjective form: [ jo-a-ha-neun]

= a book that I/you/they/someone like(s)

() = a book that I like

(Here, is the adjective part.)

() = a book that I dont like

(Here, () is the adjective part.)

Depending on the context and the use of particles, the entire meaning can change.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 14

Now you know that is the adjective form of and that it means that I/

someone like(s). But the meaning can change depending on which particle is used.

Example:
[ jo-a-ha-neun sa-ram]

= someone that someone likes

= someone I like

[min-ji-ga jo-a-ha-neun sa-ram]

= someone that Minji likes

[min-ji-reul jo-a-ha-neun sa-ram]

= someone that likes Minji

Sample sentences
1. .

[i no-rae-neun je-ga jo-a-ha-neun no-rae-ye-yo.]

= This song is a song that I like.

2. ?

[ ja-ju meok-neun han-guk eum-sik i-sseo-yo?]

= Is there any Korean food that you eat often?

3. ?

[ ja-ju ga-neun ka-pe i-sseo-yo?]

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 14

= Is there a cafe that you go to often?

4. ?

[yo-jeum jo-a-ha-neun ga-su-neun nu-gu-ye-yo?]

= Which singer do you like these days?

5. .

[yo-jeum gong-bu-ha-go it-neun oe-gu-geo-neun il-bo-neo-ye-yo.]

= The foreign language I am studying these day is Japanese.

6. .

[nu-ni o-neun na-re-neun yeong-hwa bo-go si-peo-yo.]

= On a day when it snows, I want to see a movie.

7. , ?

[ jeo-gi it-neun sa-ram, a-neun sa-ra-mi-e-yo?]

= That person who is over there, is it someone that you know?

8. ()?

[bae go-peun sa-ram (i-sseo-yo)?]

= Anybody (who is) hungry?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 15

! Welcome back to another lesson on conjunctions!

Today we are introducing a conjunction that means in that case or if so.

[geu-reo-myeon] = in that case, if so, then

Do you remember -()?


Yes, we introduced it in Level 2 Lesson 23.

-() or -() means if or in case.

is a combination of [geu-reot-ta], which means to be so and -.

A shorter version of
In spoken Korean (and very often also in casual written Korean), instead of saying ,

people just use the shortened form of [geu-reom]. Try not to confuse it with [geu-

reon], which means such.

Sample sentences
1. ?

[geu-reo-myeon i-geo-neun mwo-ye-yo?]

= Then, what is THIS?

2. ? ?

[ ji-geum ba-ppa-yo? geu-reom eon-je an ba-ppa-yo?]

= Youre busy now? Then WHEN are you not busy?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 15

3. ? ?

[han-guk eum-sik jo-a-hae-yo? geu-reo-myeon gim-bap-do jo-a-hae-yo?]

= Do you like Korean food? Then do you like kimbap too?

4. ? ?

[ jin-jja-yo? geu-reom i-je eo-tteo-ke hae-yo?]

= Really? If so, what do we do now?

5. ?

[geu-reom i-geo-neun eo-ttae-yo?]

= Then how about this one?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 16

! Sometimes when you want to do things with other people, you will say things

like Lets go. Lets do it. or Lets start. Today in this lesson, lets look at how to say lets in

Korean.

There are a few different ways to say this in Korean:


1. -// [polite/plain]

2. -() [honorific]

3. - [informal]

4. -()? [polite/casual]

5. -()? [polite/formal]

Example:
[si-ja-ka-da] = to start, to begin

1. . [si-ja-kae-yo] = Lets start. (plain)

2. . [si-ja-ka-si-jyo] = Lets start. (honorific)

3. . [si-ja-ka-ja] = Lets start. (informal)

4. ? [si-ja-kal-lae-yo?] = Shall we start? (polite/casual)

5. ? [si-ja-ka-sil-lae-yo?] = Shall we start? (polite/formal)

But the most frequently used one is number 1, -// [-a/eo-/yeo-yo]. The other forms will

all be covered through our future lessons.

-//

Yes. This is the same form as the plain present tense,but dont worry. You can tell the difference

quiet easily through context. Lets see how the meaning can be clear through some examples.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 16

1. . !

[ jeo-do seo-jeo-me gal geo-ye-yo. ga-chi ga-yo!]

= Im going to the bookstore, too. Lets go together!

2. ? .

[bae an go-pa-yo? u-ri haem-beo-geo meo-geo-yo.]

= Arent you hungry? Lets eat hamburgers.

3. . .

[ ji-geum du si-ye-yo. se si-e yeo-gi-e-seo man-na-yo.]

= Its two oclock now. Lets meet here at three oclock.

4. . . ?

[ jeo geu-myo-il-kka-ji ba-ppa-yo. to-yo-i-re si-ja-kae-yo. eo-ttae-yo?]

= Ill be busy until Friday. Lets start on Saturday. What do you think?

5. . .

[da-reun de ga-yo. yeo-gi an jo-eun geot ga-ta-yo.]

= Lets go somewhere else. I think this place is not so good.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 17

In this lesson, we are introducing an expression that means in order to, in order
for, or for the sake of. The key word in the expression is [wi-ha-da].

[wi-ha-da] means to make efforts for something/someone or to do


something to best benefit someone, but it is rarely used as is without being changed
to another form.

= = in order to/for

is rarely used and it is changed to forms like or to mean in order


to, in order for, or for the sake of.

Sometimes, you will see instead of . is the original conjugation form but in

everybody language, is shortened to (both in written and spoken languages) for

the ease of pronunciation.

Using / with nouns

Noun + - /
= in order for + noun

= for the sake of + noun

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 17

Ex)

[geon-gang-eul wi-hae-seo]

= for health, for the sake of health, in order to be healthy

[hoe-sa-reul wi-hae-seo]

= for the company, for the good of the company

Using / with verbs

Verb stem + - /

Ex)

[han-gu-ge ga-gi wi-hae-seo]

= in order to go to Korea

[il-bo-neo-reul bae-u-gi wi-hae-seo]

= in order to learn Japanese

** Please note that using / in a sentence makes your sentence sound very formal.

You will hear/see this a lot in song lyrics, books and new articles, but not in casual spoken con-

versations.

Sample sentences
1. .

[su-peo-mae-neun se-gye pyeong-hwa-reul wi-hae-seo i-rae-yo.]

= Superman works for world peace.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 17

2. .

[ jeo-neun han-gu-ge ga-ga wi-hae-seo yeol-si-mi gong-bu-hae-sseo-yo.]

= I studied hard in order to go to Korea.

3. .

[bu-mo-ni-meul wi-hae-seo do-neul mo-a-sseo-yo.]

= I saved up money for my parents.

4. .

[geon-gang-eul wi-hae-seo mae-il un-dong-ha-go i-sseo-yo.]

= I am exercising everyday for my health.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 18

In this lesson, we are looking at how to say nothing but or only in Korean. We already
introduced one expression that means only in Level 2 Lesson 15, which is - [-man].

The expression we are introducing in this lesson consists of two parts:

+ negative verb conjugation

The way this works is similar to saying nothing else but or do not do anything other than in

English.

= outside, outdoors
= outside something, other than something, out of the range of something
+ negative verb conjugation = ONLY + verb

Construction:
Noun + + negative conjugation

Examples:
() [kol-la(-reul) ma-si-da] = to drink cola

[kol-la ba-kke an ma-si-da] = to only drink cola

() [do-ni it-da] = to have money

() [do-ni eop-da] = to not have money

[don ba-kke eop-da] = to have nothing but money, to only have money

Are - and interchangeable?


The answer is yes and no. Sometimes, they are interchangeable (and of course you have to

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 18

change the verb in the negative form when you use ) but is generally more widely

used over -.

You cant use with imperative sentences, including -// (do something for

me). So you have to use - with imperative sentences. (i.e. = Give me this one

only.)

And when the verb itself has a negative meaning, - is more commonly used than . (i.e.

= I only hate chicken.)

Sample sentences
1.

[han-gu-gin chin-gu-ga han myeon ba-kke eop-seo-yo.]

= I only have one Korean friend.

[han-gu-gin chin-gu-neun han myeon ba-kke eop-seo-yo.]

= As for Korean friends, I only have one.

2.

[han-gu-geo jo-geum ba-kke mot hae-yo.]

= I can only speak a little bit of Korean.

3.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 18
?

[i-geot ba-kke eop-seo-yo?]

= This is it?

= You only have this?

4.

[u-ri go-yang-i-neun cham-chi ba-kke an meo-geo-yo.]

= My cat only eats tuna.

5.

[wae gong-bu ba-kke an hae-yo?]

= Why do you only study?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 19

There are a few different ways to say after -ing in Korean. Through this lesson, we will
introduce the three most common ways to say it. These three expressions all share a common
structure:

-() +
-() +
-() +

These three all mean after -ing. Lets look at the key nouns

[da-eum] = next time, next


(i.e. = next week)

[hu] = after
(i.e. = afternoon)

[dwi] = behind, back


(i.e. = behind the back)

The -() part indicates that the action has been done, so it is already in the past tense
form. After before this, you put the verb steam.

Verb stem + -() + (or /) = after -ing

The meaning doesnt change depending on the noun part, so these expressions are inter-
changeable.

Examples
[pyeon-ji-reul bat-da] = to receive a letter
[pyeon-ji-reul ba-deun da-eu-me] = after receiving a letter

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 19

[ ji-be ga-da] = to go home


[ ji-be gan dwi-e] = after going home

[chae-geul ilg-da] = to read a book


[chae-geul il-geun hu-e] = after reading a book

Sample sentences
1. .
[yeong-hwa bon da-eu-me u-ri keo-pi ma-syeo-yo.]
= After watching the movie, lets drink coffee.

2. , .
[ jeom-si-meul meo-geun da-eu-me, do-seo-gwa-ne ga-sseo-yo.]
= After having lunch, I went to the library.

3. ?
[i-geo han da-eu-me mwo hal geo-ye-yo?]
= After doing this, what are you going to do?

4. ? .
[geu-geo-yo? i-geo han dwi-e hal-ge-yo.]
= That one? Ill do it after I do this.

5. .
[gyeol-jeong-han hu-e yeol-lak ju-se-yo.]
= Contact me after you decide.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 20

In Level 3 Lesson 12, we introduced a conjunction that means but still or nevertheless, which

is [geu-rae-do]. Today we are introducing a verb ending that means the same thing as
but can be used to combine two sentences together.

-// [-a/eo/yeo-do] = even if, even though

Construction
- Verb stems ending with the vowel or are followed by -
- Verb stems ending with other vowels are followed by -
- Verb stems ending with are followed by -

Examples
[bo-da] = to see

--> [bwa-do] = even if you see, even if you look

[ul-da] = to cry

--> [u-reo-do] even if you cry, even though you cry

[gong-bu-ha-da] = to study

--> [gong-bu-hae-do] even if you study, even though you study

Combining two sentences together


. + .
[yo-jeu-me ba-ppa-yo] + [geu-rae-do un-dong-eun ha-go i-sseo-yo.]
= Im busy these days. But still, Im doing some exercise.

--> , .
= Even though Im busy these days, Im still doing some exercise.

Sample sentences

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 20

1. , .
[ ji-be ga-do, ba-bi eop-seo-yo.]
= Even if I go home, there is no food.

2. , .
[taek-si-reul ta-do, si-ga-ni o-rae geol-lyeo-yo.]
= Even if I take a taxi, it takes a long time.

3. .
[seok-jin ssi-neun je-ga jeon-hwa-reul hae-do an ba-da-yo.]
= Even if I call him, doesnt answer.

4. .
[naem-sae-neun i-sang-hae-do ma-si-sseo-yo.]
= Even though the smell is weird, its tasty.

5. .
[ba-ppa-do han-gu-ge gal geo-ye-yo.]
= Even if Im busy, I will go to Korea.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 21

In this lesson, we are introducing a verb ending that has a very versatile meaning.

Lets look at the basic structures first. They are all very similar and all end with -, but the
words that come right before change a bit.

1. - is used after action verbs, after and , and after - or -.


2. - is used after descriptive verbs that have a last consonant in the verb stem, except for
the consonant .

3. - is used after descriptive verbs that end in a vowel or the consonant (in this case,
is dropped), and after and .

Examples
1. [ha-da] --> [ha-neun-de]
2. [it-da] --> [it-neun-de]
3. [meok-da] --> [meok-neun-de]
4. [ye-ppeu-da] --> [ye-ppeun-de]
5. [ jak-da] --> [ ja-geun-de]

Usages
The usages of this ending is very diverse.

1. Explaining the background or the situation before making a suggestion, a


request, or a question

Ex)
, ?
[nae-il i-ryo-il-in-de, mwo hal geo-ye-yo?]
= Its Sunday tomorrow + (-) + what are you going to do?

2. Explaining the situation before explaining what happened

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 21

Ex)
, .
[eo-je ja-go i-sseot-neun-de, han-gu-ge-seo jeon-hwa-ga wa-sseo-yo.]
= I was sleeping yesterday + (-) + I got a phone call from Korea.

3. Showing a result or situation that is contrasted from the previous action or


situation

Ex)
9 .
[a-jik a-hop-si-in-de beol-sseo jol-lyeo-yo.]
= Its still 9 oclock but I am already sleepy.

The second part (after -) can be omitted when the meaning can be easily
implied.

Ex)
()...
[ jun-bi ma-ni haet-neun-de...]
= I prepared a lot, but...

4. Showing surprise or exclamation

Ex)
()!
[meo-sit-neun-de!]
= Oh, thats cool!

5. Asking a question (expecting some explanation about a situation or behav-


ior)

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 21

Ex)
()?
[ ji-geum eo-di-e it-neun-de(yo)?]
= So where are you now?

6. Expecting an answer or a response

Ex)
()? ().
[ ji-geum(yo)? ji-geum ba-ppeun-de(yo).]
= Now? Im busy now, so...

Sample sentences

1. , .
[nae-il chin-gu saeng-il-in-de, seon-mu-reul a-jik mot sa-sseo-yo.]
= Its my friends birthday tomorrow, but I havent been able to buy a present.

2. , .
[i-geo il-bo-ne-seo sat-neun-de, seon-mu-ri-e-yo.]
= I bought this in Japan, and its a present for you.

3. , ?
[o-neul nyu-seu-e-seo bwat-neun-de, geu-geo jin-jja-ye-yo?]
= I saw it in the news today. Is that for real?

4. !
[i-geo jo-eun-de-yo!]
= I like this! / This is good!

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 21
5. ? .
[eo? yeo-gi i-sseot-neun-de]
= Huh? It was here...

6. , .
[yeong-hwa jae-mi-it-neun-de, mu-seo-wo-sseo-yo.]
= The movie is interesting, but it was scary.

7. , .
[yeong-hwa bwat-neun-de, mu-seo-weo-sseo-yo.]
= I saw a movie, and it was scary.

8. , .
[ jeo ji-geum hak-saeng-in-de, il-do ha-go i-sseo-yo.]
= I am a student now, but Im working too.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 22

In this lesson, lets have a look at the expression -() [-(eu)l su-do it-da]. In
fact, this is a combination of two grammar points that we covered in our previous lessons.

-() can be broken down into two parts:


1. -() was introduced in Level 2 Lesson 17 and it means can, to be able

to.
2 - was introduced in Level 2 Lesson 13 and it means also, too.

When these two expressions are combined into -() , it means it could... its pos-
sible that... or it might.... In order to understand why -() takes such meanings,
we need to have a closer look at the expression -() first.

Basically, the word [su] is a noun that is most commonly used in this structure and means
way method or idea. So -() means there is a way to do..., there is an idea for
doing... or there is a possibility for doing....

Therefore when the meaning of - [-do], which is also or too, is added to this, the sentence
takes the meaning of there is also the possibility of ....

So even though sometimes -() COULD mean to be also able to do something,


it usually means it might it could or perhaps....

Examples
1. [al-da] = to know (something, someone)

--> [al su-do it-da] = might know (something, someone)


Ex) . [ je chin-gu-ga al su-do i-sseo-yo]
= My friend might know (the person / the thing).

2. [man-na-da] = to meet

--> [man-nal su-do it-da] = might meet

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 22

Ex) . [nae-il da-si man-nal su-do i-sseo-yo]


= We might meet again tomorrow.

3. [ jak-da] = to be small

--> [ ja-geul su-do i-sseo-yo] = might be small


Ex) . [mo-ja-ga ja-geul su-do i-sseo-yo]
= The hat could be small.

Sample sentences
1. .
[ jeo nae-il ol su-do i-sseo-yo.]
= I might come here tomorrow.

2. .
[ jeo nae-il an ol su-do i-sseo-yo.]
= I might not come here tomorrow.

3. .
[ jeo nae-il mot ol su-do i-sseo-yo.]
= I might not be able to come here tomorrow.

4. .
[i-geo ga-jja-il su-do i-sseo-yo.]
= This might be fake.

5. .
[ jeong-mal geu-reol su-do i-sseo-yo.]
= It might really be so.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 23 - WORD BUILDER 1

Welcome to the 1st Word Builder lesson at TalkToMeInKorean.com! Word Builder lessons are designed to help you

understand how to expand your vocabulary by learning/understanding some common and basic building blocks of

Korean words. The words and letters that are introduced through the Word Builder lessons are not necessarily all

Chinese characters (or [han-ja]). Even though many of them are based on Chinese characters, their meanings

can be different from modern-day Chinese, and you dont have memorize the Hanja characters themselves. Your

goal through these lessons is to just understand how words are formed and remember the keyword in Korean and

expand your Korean vocabulary from there.

Todays keyword is .

The Chinese character for this word is .

The word is related to learning studying and school.

+ (person, member, participant) = [hak-saeng] = student


+ (school) = [hak-gyo] = school
+ (house, garden) = [ha-gwon] = private institute

(numbers) + = [su-hak] = mathematics


(subject, class, species) + = [gwa-hak] = science
(word) + = [eo-hak] = language learning
(word+word) + = [eo-neo-hak] = linguistics

+ (person) = [hak-ja] = scholar

(to stay) + = [yu-hak] = studying abroad


(studying abroad) + = [yu-hak-saeng] = student studying abroad

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 23 - WORD BUILDER 1

(to roll, to move) + = [ jeon-hak] = to change schools


(to change schools) + = [ jeon-hak-saeng] = student who moved to another
school

+ (year) = [hak-nyeon] = school year


+ (period) = [hak-gi] = semester

(recommend) + + (money) = [ jang-hak-geum] = scholarship


++= [ jang-hak-saeng] = student on scholarship

(return) + + = [bok-hak-saeng]
= student who has returned to school (usually) after a long break

+ (acquire) = [hak-seup] = learning, studies


[han-gu-geo hak-seup] = Korean learning

(alone) + = [dok-hak] = self-study, studying by oneself

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 24 - WORD BUILDER 1

Welcome to another lesson on irregularities. In this lesson, we are looking at the irregular.

irregular is applied only to these three occasions:

Verb stem ending with - followed by

+ -//

+ -//

+ -//

In these cases, is changed to and placed at the end of the previous vowel and you add ONE
MORE before the verb ending.

Even if the verb stem ends with - [reu], if it is then followed by


other endings such as -//, -, etc, - stays the same.

Examples
[go-reu-da] = to choose, to pick, to select

--> [gol-la-yo] = I pick.

--> [gol-la-seo] = I pick and then; because I pick

--> [gol-la-sseo-yo] = I picked.

Sample Sentences
1. ?

[mwo gol-la-sseo-yo?]

= What did you choose?

2. .

[ jeo-do mol-la-yo.]

= I dont know, either.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 24 - WORD BUILDER 1

3. .

[bi-haeng-gi-neun ppal-la-seo jo-a-yo.]

= Planes are good because they are fast. / I like airplanes because they are fast.

4. ?

[nu-ga ke-ik jal-la-sseo-yo?]

= Who cut the cake?

5. 5 .

[to-kki-reul o-nyeon dong-an gil-leo-sseo-yo.]


= I had a rabbit as a pet for five years. / I grew a rabbit for five years.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 25

In this lesson, we are going to look at how to use the verb ending - [-ne-yo]. You might have heard this
ending used a lot in everyday conversational Korean.

As you have seen so far, there are many different types of verb endings in Korean. They all have very specific

rules and this one is no exception. If you change a plain sentence into this - form, you indicate that you are

expressing your impression, thought, or surprise.

For example
if you just say about a dish, it just means that it is delicious. But if you say , the sentence can

show that you are impressed or surprised by the taste. While can do the same thing when said with the

right intonation, it cannot convey the same nuance when it is written.

Structure:
The conjugation is very simple. Just add - after the verb stem.

Examples
1.

[keu-da] = to be big (verb stem = )

- + = = Its big. (Plain fact)

- + = = (I see that) it is big. / (Oh, I didnt know it was big but) it is big. (Showing surprise)

2.

[ jal eo-ul-li-da] = to suit someone well, to go well with someone

- + = . = It looks good on you. (Plain fact)

- + = . = Oh! I find that it looks good on you. (Showing impression)

3.

[mat-da] = to be correct

- + = = Its correct. (Plain fact)

- + = = I see that its correct! (Finding out a fact for the first time.)

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 25

Sample Sentences
1. !

[yeo-gi it-ne-yo!]

= Oh, here it is!

2. .

[i deu-ra-ma jae-mi-it-ne-yo.]

= I find this drama fun to watch.

** If you already know that this drama is fun and you are telling someone else the fact, you need to say

3. .

[byeol-lo an chup-ne-yo.]

= Well, its not that cold.

4. .

[a-mu-do an wat-ne-yo.]

= Oh, look. Nobody is here yet.

5. 11.

[beol-sseo si-bil-wol-i-ne-yo.]

= Wow, its already November!

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 27

So far, through our previous lessons, we have introduced various sentence structures and verb endings. However,

all of the sentence endings that we have introduced so far are in the politeness level.

There are three main levels of politeness/formality and now we think it is time for you to learn about the
level (casual language).

What are the three main levels of politeness in Korean?


The politeness level is determined by the end of the verb.

Type 1. - [-nida] ending = honorific, most polite, most formal


Type 2. -(//) [-(a/eo/yeo)yo] ending = polite, natural, a bit formal
Type 3. -// ending = casual, informal, intimate

Type 1 and 2 are called [ jon-daet-mal] and Type 3 is called [ban-mal]. And in this lesson, we are look-

ing at how to use , and when NOT to use it.

When do you use ?


Generally, is considered to be the most intimate and casual way of speaking with others in Korean. Therefore,

it has no formality in it at all. You can only use to someone who is obviously and certainly younger than you,

someone of the same age as you, or (if the other person is older than you) someone with whom you agreed to

mutually use .

If you dont know the other persons age or social status, you should not use in any case. Once you know the

other persons age and find out the he or she is younger than you, you can use but it is a nice gesture and

also safe to ask the person first whether you can use to him or her.

Here are some common cases in which you can use


1. You are much older than the other person and you know for sure that the other person wont get offended if

you use .

2. You are older than the other person and you got his or her permission to use .

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 27

3. You are of the same age as the other person and you got his or her permission to use .

4. You are in elementary school, middle school or high school and you know that all your classmates are of the

same age as you.

5. You are talking to yourself or writing in your diary.

Here are some common cases in which you SHOULD NOT use
1. You know the other person only through work, and not personally.

2. You are older than the other person but he or she is your business client or customer.

3. You are older than the other person but you are talking to the person in an official environment such as semi-

nars, lessons, etc.

4. You dont know the other person. You just met him/her.
5. You are younger than the other person. You never got permission from him/her that you can use to him/

her.

6. You are the same age as the other person. But you are both adults now and you dont know him/her that well.

7. You are older than the other person but he or she is your boss or the spouse of your older sibling.

8. You are talking to a large group of people or in a video blog.

How do you ask for and give permission to speak in ?


There are certain expressions that people say in order to get permission from the other person.

If you are the older one:


1. ?

[mal nwa-do dwae-yo?]

= Can I speak in with you?

** [ma-reul no-ta] literally means to put down the language or lower the language.

2. ?

[mal pyeon-ha-ge hae-do dwae-yo?]

= Can I speak comfortably with you?

If you are the younger one:

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 27

1. .

[mal no-eu-syeo-do dwae-yo.]

= You can speak casually with me.

2. .

[mal pyeon-ha-ge ha-syeo-do dwae-yo.]

= You can speak comfortably with me. / You can speak with me.

If you are of the same age as the other person:


1. ?

[u-ri mal no-eul-kka-yo?]


= Shall we speak in to each other?

2. ?

[mal pyeon-ha-ge hae-do doe-jyo?]

= I can talk in with you, right?

How to change to

Present tense

-// ---> -//

- / - --> - / -

Past tense

-// ---> -//

Future tense

-() --> -()

Examples
1. What is this?

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 27
: ? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?]

: ? [i-geo mwo-ya?]

2. Im going to work tomorrow.

: . [nae-il il-hal geo-ye-yo.]

: . [nae-il il-hal geo-ya.]

3. I met a friend yesterday.

: . [eo-je chin-gu man-na-sseo-yo.]

: . [eo-je chin-gu man-na-sseo.]

Calling names
When speaking in , you add the word to address the person politely, as in , , ,

, and . Or you add the title of the persons job or status after that, like , , etc.

But when you speak in , you just say the name of the person without . But in order to make the name

sound more natural when you are calling the person by name, you need to add or at the end. Names

that end WITHOUT a consonant are followed by [ya] and names that end WITH a consonant are followed by

[a].

Examples:
----> ! (Hey Kyeong-eun!)

----> ! (Hey Hyunwoo!)

Talking about names

For the same reason as above, when Korean people add the letter after the names that end with a conso-

nant, when they are talking about the person using their name. So names like and are followed by

in sentences.

If wants to talk about in a sentence, he says s name as .

Ex) . [seok-jin-i-ga hae-sseo.] = Seokjin did it.

This is the basic information about and we will look at more expressions using in the following lesson.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 28

In the previous lesson, we introduced how to use (casual language) as well as the cases and situations in
which you can safely speak in . Now, in this lesson, we are taking a look at how to make lets sentences in

For sentences in the plain present tense and the past tense, you can just drop the suffix - at the end to change

a sentence from to . But, if you want to say lets do something when speaking in , you need to

use a different ending.

Structure
Verb stem + - [-ja]

Examples
[ha-da] = to do

+ = [ha-ja] = Lets do it.

[ha-ji mal-da] = to not do it

+ = [ha-ji mal-ja] = Lets not do it.

[meok-da] = to eat
+ = [meok-ja] = Lets eat.

Sample sentences
1. .

[nae-il bo-ja]

= Lets meet tomorrow. / See you tomorrow.

2. .

[i-geo sa-ja]

= Lets buy this.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 28

3. .

[u-ri nae-i-reun swi-ja]

= Lets take a day off tomorrow.

4. .

[ga-chi ga-ja]

= Lets go together.

5. .

[ jo-geum-man deo gi-da-ri-ja]

= Lets wait a little longer.

More Phrases in
1. [an-nyeong-ha-se-yo] -> [an-nyeong]

2. [an-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo] -> [an-nyeong] / [ jal ga]

3. . [an-nyeong-hi ge-se-yo] -> [an-nyeong] / . [ jal i-sseo]

4. [ jeo] -> [na]

5. ~ [ssi] / You -> [neo]

6. [ne] / [ye] -> [eung] / [eo]

7. [a-ni-yo] -> [a-ni] / [a-ni-ya]

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 29

In this lesson, we are looking at one more irregularity in the Korean language. The irregularity that we are intro-

ducing in this lesson is the irregular.

When a verb stem ends with the consonant and it is followed by a vow-
el, the consonant is dropped.

Example:
[nat-da] = to heal, to recover, to be better (in comparison)

+ (present tense) --> [na-a-yo]

= Its better. / Please feel better.

More examples
1. [ jeot-da] = to stir (liquid)

+ = [ ji-eo-yo]

2. [it-da] = to connect, to link

+ = [i-eu-myeon]

3. [ jit-da] = to build, to compose

+ = [ ji-eo-sseo-yo]

Sample sentences
1. .

[ jal jeo-eu-se-yo.]

= Stir it well.

2. .

[du gae-reul i-eo-sseo-yo.]

= I connected the two (objects).

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 29

3. ?

[i ji-beul nu-ga ji-eo-sseo-yo?]

= Who built this house?

4. .

[ jo-eun i-reu-meul ji-eul geo-ye-yo.]

= Im going to make a good name.

5. ?

[gam-gi da na-a-sseo-yo?]

= Did you recover (completely) from the cold?

Exceptions
Some words do not follow this irregularity rule and still keep the consonant
even before a vowel.

1. [ut-da] = to smile, to laugh

2. [ssit-da] = to wash

3. [beot-da] = to take (clothes) off

. [u-seo-yo.] = Smile. / I smile. / He smiles. / They laugh.

. [ssi-seul geo-ye-yo.] = Im going to wash up. / Im going to wash it.

. [sin-ba-reul beo-seo ju-se-yo.] = Please take your shoes off.

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 30 - WORD BUILDER 2

Word Builder lessons are designed to help you understand how to expand your vocabulary by learning/

understanding some common and basic building blocks of Korean words. The words and letters that will be

introduced through Word Builder lessons are not necessarily all Chinese characters, or [han-ja]. Though many

of them are based on Chinese characters, the meanings can be different from modern-day Chinese. Your goal,

through these lessons, is to understand how words are formed and remember the keywords in Korean to expand

your Korean vocabulary from there. You certainly dont have to memorize the Hanja characters, but if you want to,

feel free!

Todays keyword is .

The Chinese character for this is .

The word is related to room.

(make-up) + (room) = [hwa-jang-sil] = toilet, bathroom

(school, teach) + (room) = [gyo-sil] = classroom

(practice) + (room) = [yeon-seup-sil]


= practice room, practice place

(wait) + (room) = [dae-gi-sil] = waiting room

(meet) (discuss) + (room) = [hoe-ui-sil]


= meeting room, conference room

(disease) + (room) = [byeong-sil] = hospital room, patients room

(beauty treatment) + (room) = [mi-yong-sil]


= beauty parlor, hairdressers

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LEVEL 3 LESSON 30 - WORD BUILDER 2

(work) + (work, task) + (room) = [sa-mu-sil] = office

(school) + (work) + (room) = [gyo-mu-sil] = teachers office

(room) + (head, leader) = [sil-jang] = head of the office

(room) + (inside) = [sil-nae] = indoors

(room) + (outside) = [sil-oe] = outdoors, outside

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TalkToMeInKorean.com
This dialogue is based on the grammar points introduced in Talk To Me In Korean
Level 3 lessons. Listen to the dialogue between , , and and check how
much you can understand just by listening to the 100% Korean dialogue, and then
study with the transcript and translation below.

Transcript
At a park, and are walking.

: .

: , .

: ? , .

: ? ?

: .

: ?

: 10 ?

: ... . .

: . !

Next day, they are playing badminton together, when the phone rings.

: () ?

: , . ?

: , , ?

: . 11 .

: . 11 .

(After hangs up)

: ?

: . .

: ? ?

TalkToMeInKorean.com
: ... .

: ? . .

: , ? ?

: .

runs away from .

A couples of hours later, in a windy field, and are staring at each other,
getting ready to engage in a fist fight.

: , . !

: .

: . , .

: !

Translation
Did you enjoy listening to the story?

Check how much you understood by reading the translation below.

: .

= The weather is so good these days.

: , .

= Yes, I think the weather is really good.

: ? , .

= Are you busy tomorrow? Im playing badminton with Jimin tomorrow. Join us.

: ? ?

= Tomorrow? Where?

TalkToMeInKorean.com
: .

= There is a park in front of my oce.

: ?

= At what time?

: 10 ?

= Is 10 in the morning okay?

: ... . .

= Oh I have to go to school for a little while in the morning. I will call you after I
finish school.

: . !

= Good. Then I will see you tomorrow!

: ?

= Hello?

: , . ?

= Minho, this is Su-ah. Are you playing badminton now?

: , , ?

= Yes, Im playing badminton with Jimin now. When you are coming, Su-ah?

: . 11 .

= I just finished school. I will be there around 11.

: . 11 .

= Good. I will see you around 11.

: ?

= Who is that?

TalkToMeInKorean.com
: . .

= Its Su-ah. Shell come here.

: ? ?

= Su-ah? Why will she come here?

: ... .

= Oh I invited her.

: ? . .

= What? Then, Im leaving. It was fun.

: , ? ?

= Jimin, why? Did something happen that I dont know about?

: .

= Dont ask me.

: , . !

= Su-ah Lee. Min-ho Kim is mine. Dont touch him!

: .

= I will decide that myself!

: . , .

= Give up before you get hurt even more. If you give up now, I will forgive you.

: !

= Im not giving up!

TalkToMeInKorean.com
Level 3 Curriculum
Didnt understand any certain grammar point or sentence structure in the dialogue? You
can find the related lesson below and study it! (Links are active. Just click on the title.)

Lesson 1 Too much or very /

Lesson 2 Linking verbs with - / Verb and Verb /

Lesson 3 In front of, Behind, On top of, Under, Next to / , , , ,

Lesson 4 Shall we ?, I wonder / -()?

Lesson 5 Approximately, About / , ,

Lesson 6 Future tense / -() vs -()

Lesson 7 Linking verbs / -//

Lesson 8 To look like, To seem like /

Lesson 9 To seem like, To look like (used with verbs) / -

Lesson 10 Before -ing / -

Lesson 11 irregular /

Lesson 12 But still, Nevertheless /

Lesson 13 Making adjectives / descriptive verbs + -

Lesson 14 Making adjectives / action verbs + -/()/() +

Lesson 15 Well then, In that case, If so / ,

Lesson 16 Lets / -// ()

Lesson 17 In order to, For the sake of / , ,

Lesson 18 Nothing but, Only / +

Lesson 19 After -ing /

Lesson 20 Even if, Even though / -//

Lesson 21 Linking verbs / -, + -, + -

Lesson 22 Maybe I might / -()

Lesson 23 Word builder 1 / ()

Lesson 24 irregular /

Lesson 25 Verb ending / -

Lesson 26 irregular /

Lesson 27 Politeness Levels / and

Lesson 28 Lets in casual language /

Lesson 29 irregular /

Lesson 30 Word builder 2 / ()

TalkToMeInKorean.com
More books from Talk To Me In Korean

TTMIK Grammar Textbook ($13)

Study with 30 bite-sized lessons to help


you form more natural Korean sentences
by linking multiple verbs, and more.

Get

your copy at http://goo.gl/hMf6pM

TTMIK Workbook Level 3 ($12)

TTMIK Workbooks are a great way to


reinforce what you learn through the
grammar textbooks. Solve quiz questions
and compose your own Korean
sentences.

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