Cold Formed Sections : - (aCold Formed Section @/ypes of sections: Sections Can be Classified to | Hot Rolled Sections | Cold Formed Sections | aL gle Lis py SLELLS geo [ISU gle Lad y ajLUl le SAS py GLELLE yo gaia yey adel JURG py Cae JSS gle ELLE gues bay) Slee 5 cegllaall elLi! JSts f2 ps8 Lat [a> IPE HEB, EA HEM LPN) ue Pao BES, EGE USA gS BSL plait Plate JI gts psb-+ wylbul i Plate }) 3 gio S Sul @ —7 -Cold Formed Sections have very small thickness "from 1.5 to 4 mm" rod© Different shapes of Cold Formed Sections :- JLOUCCL Stiffened sections LL Unstiffened sections - Therefore Cold Formed Sections are most probably slender sections -Cold formed sections are subjected to local buckling, so we have to calculate the effective part of the section "the part of the section which will not buckle". -local buckling happened only in parts which subjected to compression stress rq© Difference between Compact & non compact & Selender Sections :- 7 3 a————— Ss a) Compact section : @ Can achieve Plastic _ ailure moment without local buckling Vie = 0.64 Fy b) Non-compact section: @ Can achieve yield Failure moment without local buckling EF Soy Local buckling’ Yield 3! sc VF = 0.58 F c) Slender section : @ Undergoes local Ely —~ buckling we must calculate Failure Sy Effective width Local buckling) wy a M Yield J) Jo3 Foe 0.58 B a)slender sections 555; ‘Jz Cold Formed Sections ¢123 | 2 @ Flange tip 3\ jis Local buckling ox \y>\ gacd Say SWS gle 85 jab algoUl ode cab 5 upper Web J\ 5! DL) yeU) Glas GUI Gaal 5 led pe 5) GlolaaUl pos de ,be ,he 4| & Effective Length Ane pall ele p48 pee bs S deal Gl cli etl ol bau @ Compression 3 poral Lil 5sCold Formed Sections (}\ a\ssi—.) A214 in @ allowable J) oss Purlin's J) ia lse gale Cle Ui eLbi ail adioSls 0.58 Fy or Fith, 3\—uls Lin 9) Aulbaia! dia g} Alleah os 9 Als! Cold-formed Compression JA 45) ¢ jal) 4 DY i el SY Ga qpenaill aie ¢LLI ys Lea yb 5 ol pa) oda Glae Gras IL Flange tip rooe eA death 2 AW APIS Boyes | Cold Formed Section Si ‘ubjected to Moment Flange tip Stresses 4 Ze Ze Local Buckling Local Bucklin; C Be Web in flange J Moment Moment ve _ ao WV <= Local Buckling Effective Section V. or? aw Effective part for Sections subjected to Moment be/2 be/2 Fe If a I | Note : the parts reduced is the parts Located at Comp. Side only. | req aCold Formed Section Subjected to Normal Flange tip ~~ Be Local Buckling Normal | | {SS > ih V wpe Local Buckling Effective Section Effective part for Sections subjected to Normal he/2 1 he/2 he/2 he/ he/2 | he/2 | he/2f he/2 alas reduced parts seacaasi” — he, 6 rq LoSM el aYI Gls py Baty iM cl jai GLal I @ Jai SS desbe 5 he 2 > 52 GUI base =I 5 _ ber nett bez ks ba 5 zu wt aaa | walt pS) tr S v b=B-+-r Vb =B-2t-2r V h=H-21-2r Vv A =H-21-2r V d=D4-4r @ Calculation of effective parts Where b = b for flange , =h for web and = d for lip. ; | ¥ For flange ] v For web Y For lip | be=pb he=Ph | endl ——_ on Ap- 0.15 - 0.05 V_ So to calculate b, , h, andd, L p= ; a P 7 we will calculate P 3 times . a stress in start ~~ - We ia stress in end 3 mebiE [ry APS 4d | Ke ra Ld@ How To calculate ?? Ww __stress in start eee stress in end Ssecti se v_for flange v_ for flange” aa fi fk fl fete 1 oo ysl =1 7 “f2 “TS [ a g L W for web plc V._forweb Bs 1 an esl wey ot #8 Sections subjected to Mx Sections subjected to. N r ie@ How To calculate ?? " buckling coefficient" which depends on I- Ww 2- The case of the studied part " stiffened , unstiffened or partially stiffened . End Condition partially stiff. flange stiff. flange Unstiff. flange — [ [- | _ [_ L Unstiff. Li J 4) VS) All webs are stiffened by the two flanges . All lips are unstiffened . So briefly we can calculate Ke as folto Stiff or Unstiff wy | Ko Stiff. | 1 4 Unstiff. 1 0.43 Stiff. -1 23.9 Partially stiff. 1| 2727 | ro EeKo =4.0 Ko_=0.43 Ko = 4.0 ICL SI L_| L | J Ka = 0.43 K,, for the web = 23.9 Sections subjected to _Mx Ko = 7772??? t Ko =4.0 Ko_=0.43 Kg for the web = 4.0| Sections subjected to N = 0.4. Note :- ; ; So it is clear that for only the partially stiffened parts | OAR < — - | 0.43 Ky <4 Al 4@ In case of partially stiffened How to caqlculate Ko : - rprcyrt 1- Calculate S = 1. 28 Ry z where Fy = 2.4 Yom? and E = 2100 tem? | | ‘y t. a conve | 1 Cpbe/2 => Is = stiffener moment of inertia = — D 2- Calculate 2. ' 3- we have 3 cases: dD Kg=(4.82-5(2 Bd ta + 0.43 b No edge stiff required ee < 525-52) i b be= db (____s 7 | 34 ra 4 LoE ; < 0.25 —wl Kg=3.57, AS + 9.43 < 40 | : ~ | L D Kg= [4.82-5(P)] \} A + 0.43 0.25< = < 0.8—» < 5.25-5(2) b a e Nia = SQM 4 5) xt_Cold Formed £164 peal Aah 42946 | @ PDs hpi Kg Juisrise OalliciayY) aa) Gass y @ P >1 — > filly Effective G48 pi ysis Dtinstha, he=h de=d | be=b eb gy) sLine igi > 1 Lb pal ds ule Gv Properties of Sec 18) ySq gli Fully Effective As Jaz ANS BY Jrall gn A & Sx & Sy & Ix & ly e@ PDP <1 —» Partially Effective ¢ 0) 4+ js) 3) Lina lass he=Ph| de=Pd | be =Ab qLisiLihLiasligi py <1 clhilicljeloalglb Vw est Gk Ge Yl Ls Effective JI yal pall Glee op ball oda Logi dgus ySlyayall Neutral Axis J) pls. heel te Gals sll isady See Next Page. . lgeroal wyx But if p for any partis < 1 so the section is not fully effective and we must calculate the mechanical properties of the new section following this way : ¥ a pce e wl x x A YV A of the reduced part = a*t | 2 zzz V Ix of the reduced part = a*t*(H/2-t/2) Bp Y 3 2 YW Ly of the reduced part = aE haxtx(B-e-$) So.. Y Ix eff = Ix table - Ix of the reduced part w Ly eff=Iy table - ly of the reduced part A eff = A table - A of the reduced part @ Take Care: [ If the section is subjected to tension , no reduction will occur and the | allowable stress will be equals to 1.4 tiem’ { Gy v4For given Sections | elf the section is given in the exam and this section is not one of the tables section , so we have to calculate its properties Ix, ly, A a) 2 el Lal) jails ul as ol bins Vv corners J! 5» GLosall _§ tall aos lle Hall Sly @ For corners: _The given radius the inner radius W Radius of center line R'= R + t/2 plates) Y Location of C.G. from outer fiber = 0.673 R’ vNote :- | Inertia of the curve about its local axes = small and can be neglected ee ecoseeeooee aioe @ Properties of Section Ix, ly, A » — a> - v For corners: e 4H VAcorner = LS7R'xt x x VC = 0.673 R' ae oa VArea. = 2Acorner + 2b*t + h*t . C Bp! y 3 2 2 [Late 42x bx tx(H/2-1/2)° + ( H/2- v x 12 ) aes f a Web Flange corners mo uy__ Purlin Design | rma LY~~ ¢ (5i53 _ Loads : 1) Dead load: i a) ow. of corrugated steel sheets : @Single layer: W. = (5-8) kg/m @Double layer : W. = (10-15) kg/m? | | Li Mon yi uw 7 Lecture \. ~~~ b) o.w. of purlin: -0.W. = (20-25) kg/m! ——|% 1 = CW, *a/cos) + OW. | ce aed Wor * COS °K ow OBL AILS i etl A - acs i a a aan Wor Sin o | @ Straining action :- truss M =W * v ODL Ux DL + em =W * ve e = *L yDL “yDL -g 2yo1> Mor > 2) Live load: 4) Due to uniform loads : Case of inaccessible roof : L.L = 60 - 66.67 tan < 20kg/m Case of accessible roof: _ L.L = 200 - 300 tance ¢ 20 kg/m ma atom, =LL* a (kg/m') Why eee es) e Wor aoe Wie * cosa L=Spacing OW ~My “sine Mo = Wt =-W.*L @ LL Pei” Orie Mee * + a 2 = =W * DE Myio~ Wor * Pyne” Byte” 5 5) Due to concentrated load ( P = 100 kg ) [P= 100 kg] 100 kg P= 100 kg e Fe = 100* cosa | e B= = 100 * sin ce ——yrSpacing (X& Y) ss ascLet idles oily gli Lath Bas LS @ r mee; | Meir ht 4 0 On Ou eR th #0 y LL > ”F YLL 2 a canna yi Fake the bigger value of M, , from @or3) Wind load: Wi 5 to the surface] Wind load affects _|_ to the surface tL Wy Mews Factor depends on the location of structure (from code of loads ) Ler ve eq = 70kg/m (Cairo) 2 5 eq = 80kg/m = ( Alexandria ) @ k = Factor depends on the height of the element under scope of study [height (ms) 0 — 10| 10 — 20) 20 — 30 — | k 1.00 1.10 | 1.30 ap ®@ C, = Factor depends on the shape of structure and the angle | Oey bt Ls @ 4) For case tan x < 0.4:- Col dani tn ob Cann ss @ Cz = - 0.8 (suction) neglect wind Loads. Ce ma (Ba@ b) For case 0.4 < tan = < 0.8:- C, has two values << Le ecu) @c) For case tan x > 0,8:- : C. = +0.8 (pressure ) * When C, is -ve value ( suction ) -- -> W. y= -ve neglect wind load in the design of purlin *If Wo y= tve | |(Pressure). 2 @ My i= Mew” © 02. y= Mews * 5 @ My © 2s r= 27 pee \as-Loads is in (X-axis direction) @ Design Values : Combination of loads : Case (I) D.L+L.L M,= Myf Mou @ O.= Qa Qe @M= Mat Mi @ O.= Qa Wu Case (Il) —» D.AL+L.L+W.L. (if Ce is positive) OM = Mi Mii Mon @ Ox= 24 oF Qo @M,= Mat Mu @2,= Quit Qu geal 4e a-Design a ras apurlin @ 1-Loads&Straining actions: (as-Studied prev.). 2-Choice of sec. : —~* If the design case is case (A )—— @ fat ga ee+ < 058 F, = 1.4 t/ em’ (st. 37) | for C - section assume Se 6 6S, for box SxaSy [M+ OM, | |b iss, Lika SY = cn | 1.40 Z, Sshvail from tables choose C no. 3- Check Compactenness :- _a- Code limits for slender sections. ECP page 183-189 _ @ For web subjected to moment he < 200 t b - Stiff, 7s 300 -. . b @or flanges subjected to compression unstiff a < 40 b Partially stiff; ~,~ s 60 IA For Lip ~ fs Pot § uy4- Determine the effective parts of the section. Calculate P for each part, and getbe ,de and he| ly the section is fully effective so use Sx and Sy from cables | Else, calculate 4a By By Se 5) ap 5-Check-Normal Stresses : A _ = f= gt ee a rne + < 300 [ Stiff. => = 300 For flanges subjected to compression 4 — unstiff - < 40 Partially stig, —— < 60 t on Lys an _d_ 40 IA nea wu2- Determine — Ldin Lbout hin = = a Tin 7 Out AO late ~~ "out > (from om tables.) e Cs bigger of i, and houy 52 1.4-65x%10 Muay if ®max< 100 e ro~ | 7500 vee ff max 2 100 hinax @ Calculate P for each part, and get be, de and he If the section is fully effective so use A, off A_ from tables . Else calculate the new A off: @ 4- Check normal stress . N v fe ~Aag* F mo LY© C-if its required the max. Capacity IIT- If it is require to calculate the maximum capacity of a section subjected to compression : *We have to calculate a, = Loin a. = Lbout a ings out rout Lats A seneee —— ‘om tables o=K+* —~_ {fiom sbi’) Loin= K,*L @ / F Section not in table_: vr- {z [So we must calculate A , Ix, ly for the given section *Caleuiate Fy 5 | 14-6510 Bag if aman < 100 Ww Fe= 7500 . fe Tf bnere ~ 100 max nag bigger of Rin and houy @ Determine the effective parts of the section . Calculate ® for each part, and get be , de and he then A, effective @ Maximum capacity = Fe x A effective ( After reduction ) na 27 |© D-if its required the max. Capacitye Subjected to Moment. @ Determine the effective parts of the section . Calculate 9 for each part , and get be , de and he then I effective Calculate 1X effective © Mmax =F ocx * Seffective 0.58 Fy Teffective @Where S effective= yt LuExample (1) @ Design an intermediate ro purlin in for s the shown Truss using : SS NE VAP pom Thin [] p2som 150m 2.00m reat eens 6.00m~ —— — Spacing between frames = 6.00 m - Slope of the roof = 8° a - Unstiffened C section . b - Stiffened C section . c - Box section. Solution: 1 - Calculate the loads and straining actions . Je I-_ dead load: 2 @ Assume We =6 Kg/m_ , o.w. = 10 Kg/m' Wexa 6x 1.75 @ Wai= cosa to =~ cos 8 +10 = 20.6 Ke/m' v Wxdl =Wd xcosa = 20.6 x cos 8 = 20.4 Kg/m' v Wydl =Wad xsin a= 20.6 x sin 8 = 2.87 Kg/m' yA aaVv \/ avi 2 2 Mgt eS = rene = 91.8 mKe Wed S° 287x6° dix 7 x Mydi=~G = ge = 12.92 mKg Weak S 20.4 x6 Oxdi= “5 = = 61.2 Kg II- Liveload; a- uniform load : LL. = 60 - 66.67 tan & = 60 - 66.67 tan 8 = 50.63 Ke/m” Vv Vv W 1 =LL.xa = 50.63 x 1.75 = 88.6 Kg/m' Wy = Wy, xcosa = 88.6 x cos 8 = 87.74 Kg/m' Wy =W,xsina =88.6xsin8 = 12.33 Kg/m' Wy 8? 87.74x6 ? Myy = AEE® = "SEES — 304 mKg 2 2 Wy eS — 12.33x6 My =e =a = 55.5 mKg Wel x S 87.74x 6 OQ xt= = S*® = 263.22 Ke esa LSconcentrated load :_ [P = 100 Kg b-_ concentrated load : 100 x cos 8 = 99 kg Vv Pol px cosa 100 x sin 8 = 13.91 kg Vv Air px sina Y Mutt =BLES = 226 — 148.5 kg V My = BLES = BOLX6 — 09. 56 mke Uniform load is more critical | ‘l- Wind load : Asa =8 sotana =tan8=0.14< 0.4 wind load is suction "neglected" @ Final straining actions: My =Myq[+ M xl] = 91.8 + 394 = 485.8 m Kg = 48.85 cmt My =Myal+ M yl = 12.91 + 55.5 = 68.42 m Kg = 6.84 cmt Ox =Q xd Q xil= 61.2 + 263.22 = 324.4 Kg = 0.325 geal vyDesign as unstifened C section 2- Choice of section Mx My © foco= yt Sy =F he ee Assume no Fy so Pre = 1.4 /cem a @ Andassume S,~ 6 S. y Mx*+ 6M 48.58 + 6 x 6.84 3 Wo = XO LOOT eae Sy= 74 7 14 = 64.0 cm ‘from tabl 3- Check Compactenness :- a- Code limits for slender sections. a @ For web subjected to moment — h = H-2r - 2t = 180 - 2(6) - 2(4) = 160 mm = 19 Ly < 200 Ok 140 190 -}-— t 4 @ For Unstiff. flange b=B-r-t=75-6-4=65mm ~ b 65 - , ae ee pie) SC) (8) Section satisfies code limits. i 4 ro vy4- Determine the effective parts of the section. 1- Flange [Unstiffened flange subjected to compression ow =1 5 — Kg = 043 = — b= 65mm _ bt [Fy _ 05/4 [24 _ Vip VKo 44 \ 0.43 2 _*p-0.15-0.05 W_ _ 0.87 - 0.15 - 0.05 x1 he 0.877 = 0.885 < 1 | Fo FB lange is partially —— —___ [ = (ares Effective. _ | t le LL ] e/be = Pb = 0,885 x 65 = 57.53 mm | wit ron wy2- Web © Stiff, Web subjected to moment W=-l, Kg = 23.9 @ h=160mm Alt Fy. _ 1604 [24 _ Vv ip= = = 0.29 P44 \ Ko 44 7 23.9 a wP= P~ 0.15005 ¥ = 0.29-0.15-0.05%-1 495 2 | P 0.29 — | The web is fully effective. As the flange is not fully effective so we must calculate the new properties of the section. ro LyReduced part @ Ly eff = ke table ‘x of the reduced part 2 = 606.25 - 0.747 x0.4(9-0.2) [- = 583.11 om4 [ oe y eff = 4 table 4 of the reduced part ~ mR Re LJ Dim in mm| 19 0.4.x 0.7474 ME 67.2 - ( ——— + 0.4x0.747x(7.5-1.9. 24 )*) = t 'y 2 jrom table ey 4 =59cm 5-Check-bending Stress : -_ My ._ @i,- Rt off eff 48.58 684 7 2 eaaHes (7.5-1.9) = 1.39 tem < 14 tlem? lel By