GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 1

GATE—2017
Electrical Engineering Questions and Detailed Solution
Session-2
1. The figure shows the per-phase representation 2. Consider a solid sphere of radius 5 cm made

ER
of a phase-shifting transformer connected of a perfect electric conductor. If one million
between buses 1 and 2, where  is a complex electrons are added to this sphere, these
number with non-zero real and imaginary electrons will be distributed
parts
(a) Uniformly over the entire volume of the
Ideal sphere
transformer
Bus 1 z Bus 2 (b) Uniformly over the outer surface of the

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sphere
(c) Concentrated around the centre of the
sphere

For the given circuit, Ybus and Zbus are bus (d) Along a straight line passing through
admittance matrix and bus impedance the center of the sphere
matrix, respectively, each of size 2 × 2. Which Sol. (b)
A
one of the following statements is true?
The electric field inside a perfect electric
(a) Both Ybus and Zbus are symmetric conductor is zero, hence all the charge added
(b) Y bus is symmetric and Z bus is to the sphere will be distributed uniformly
M
unsymmetric over the surface of the sphere, so that at
every point on the sphere, the electric field
(c) Y bus is unsymmetric and Z bus is from the surface of the sphere is radial in
symmetric direction.
(d) Both Ybus and Zbus are unsymmetric 3. The figures show diagramatic representations
  
Sol. (d) of vector fields, X , Y and Z , respectively.
S

Given figure, Which one of the following choices is true?

Ideal x y z
transformer
IE

Bus1 Bus2
z

  
(a) .X  0,   Y  0,   Z  0
  
(b) .X  0,   Y  0,   Z  0

Addition of transformer will affect the existing   

(c) .X  0,   Y  0,   Z  0
symmetry of the ZBUS and YBUS and there by
making both of (Z BUS ) and (Y BUS )   
unsymmetric. (d) .X  0,   Y  0,   Z  0

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Kaushal\Electrical\Gate\GAT$-EE-Session-2-2017_Electrical Engineering
 2 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

Sol. (c) The general structure of nominal  network

From the given figures we can observe that is:

Fig (1): X is diverging field hence its Z

divergence of X i.e.   X  0 .
Fig (2): Y is circularly rotating field hence Y Y
2 2
its curl of Y i.e. (   Y)  0.

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Fig (3): Z is also a circularly rotating field
hence its curl of Z i.e., (   Z)  0 .
Hence, option (c) satisfies the above three Comparing this network with given Network
conditions.
we get,
4. A stationary closed Lissajous pattern on an
Y 1
oscilloscope has 3 horizontal tangencies and =
2 3300
2 vertical tangencies for a horizontal input

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with frequency 3 kHz. The frequency of the 2
vertical input is Y =
3300
(a) 1.5 kHz (b) 2 kHz 1
Y = 
(c) 3 kHz (d) 4.5 kHz 1650
|z| = 100
Sol. (d)
A
The magnitude of characteristic impedance
fy No. of horizontal tangencies for a transmission line is

fx No. of vertical tangencies
Z
(Zc ) =
M
fy 3 Y

3 kHz 2 100
=
fy = 4.5 kHz 1 / 1650 
5. The nominal-  circuit of a transmission line = 1650  100
is shown in the figure
165000 =
S

Z
 Characteristic impedance
X X
Zc  406.20
IE

Impedance Z = 10080  and reactance X 6. The figure below shows the circuit diagram
= 3300  . The magnitude of the of a controlled rectifier supplied from a 230
V, 50 Hz, 1-phase voltage source and a 10:1
characteristic impedance of the transmission
ideal transformer. Assume that all devices
line in  , is _____. (Give the answer up to
are ideal. The firing angles of the thyristors
one decimal place).
T1 and T2 are 90° and 270°, respectively
Sol. ( 406.20Ω )
T1
T2
Given data, 10:1
230 v, D3 R
Z = 10080 50 Hz
iD3
X = 3300 D1 D2

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 3

The RMS value of the current through diode The expected waiting time (in minutes) for
D3 in amperes is _____ the vehicle at the junction is _____
Sol. (0) Sol. (0.9)
In the given circuit diagram the load is a Let time of arrival be a random variable x.
resistance and hence there is no stored energy 1
in the resistor (which will make the free  , 0x 5
wheeling diode to conduct) and hence there f(x) =  5
 0, else where
is no current in the freewheeling diode D3 

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and the same can be shown in the waveforms Assume waiting time be g(x), a function of
arrival time.
drawn below.
 0, 0x2 (Green light)
Vs(supply g(x) = 
voltage) 5  x, 2  x  5 (Red light)
Average waiting time = E(g(x))
5

ST
=  g(x) fx (x) dx
0

 2 2 5
t 1 1
=  0  dx   (5  x)  dx
5 5
0 2
V0(load 5
 x 2 
A
voltage) 
= x  
 10  2
t
 =90  =270 9
= = 0.9
M
10
I0(load
current) 8. Let y2 – 2y + 1 = x and x  y  5 . The
value of x  y equals _____. (Give the
t
answer up to three decimal paces).
T1D1 T2D2 Sol. (5.732)
S

ID3(free
Given : y2 – 2y + 1 = x …(1)
wheeling
diode current)
t and x y 5 …(2)
IE

Whenever curent flow in load is continuous, From (1) and (2), we get,
free wheeling diode comes into conduction. y2 – 2y + 1 = (5 – y)2
Here current in load is discontinuous. Hence
 y2 – 2y + 1 = 25 + y2 – 10y
RMS value of current through diode D3 is
zero amperes.  8y = 24
7. Assume that in a traffic junction, the cycle  y = 3 and x = 4
of the traffic signal lights is 2 minutes of
 x y = 4 3
green (vehicle does not stop) and 3 minutes
of red (vehicle stops). Consider that the = 4 + 1.732
arrival time of vehicles at the junction is = 5.732
uniformly distributed over 5 minute cycle.

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 4 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

9. The transfer function C(s) of a compensator Phase lead occurs between 1  0.1 and
is given below, 2  1 . The frequency at which maximum
s  s  phase lead occurs also lie in between   0.1

1  1   and 1 and its value is
C(s)   0.1  100 
1 1
 s  m    0.316 rad s
(1  s) 1  
 10    T12 T1 

The frequency range in which the phase (lead) 10. Two resistors with nominal resistance values

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introduced by the compensator reaches the R1 and R2 have additive uncertainties R1
maximum is
and R2 , respectively. When these
(a) 0.1    1 resistances are connected in parallel, the
(b) 1    10 standard deviation of the error in the
(c) equivalent resistance R is
10    100
(d)   100 2 2

ST
 R   R 
(a)   R1    R 2 

 1R   2  R 
Sol. 9 (a)
Given transfer function is lead lag compensator 2 2
 R   R 
(b)   R1    R 2 
 s  s 
1  1    R 2   R1 
 0.1  100 
C(s) = s
1  s  1  
A
2 2
 R   R 
 10  (c)    R 2    R1
 R1   R 2 
Comparing with the standard transfer function
of lead compensator 2 2
M
 R   R 
1  T1s 1  T2s  (d)    R1    R 2
R
 1  R 2 
C(s) = 1  T s 1  T s
 1  2 
Sol. (a)
1 1
T1  , T2   1  0.1 4  100 Given resistors R1 and R2 are connected in
0.1 100
parallel, uncertainities are
1
T1  1, T2   2  1 3  10
S

10 wR1 = R1
  0.1,   10
wR2 = R2
The location of zeros at   0.1, 100
IE

The location of poles at   1,10 The deviation of error is given by standard

formula,
Now drawing the bode plot for the given pole
zero locations is shown below. 2 2
 R  2  R  2
Magnitude wR =    wR1    w R2
R
 1  R2 

2 2
 R  2  R  2
=    R1    R2
 R1   R2 

 11. In a load flow problem solved by Newton-

m = 0.316 rad/s 1 = 0.1 2 = 1 1 = 10 4 = 100 Raphson method with polar coordinates, the
Lead size of the Jacobian is 100 × 100. If there are
Lag

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 5

20 PV buses in addition to PQ buses and a Hence value of (x + y) = 3 + 4

slack bus, the total number of buses in the = 7
system is _____.
13. The initial charge in the 1F capacitor present
Sol. (61) in the circuit shown is zero. The energy in
In load flow solution using Newton Raphson joules transferred from the DC source until
method with polar co-ordinates, size of steady state condition is reached equals
Jacobian is 100 × 100. _____. (Give the answer up to one decimal
Size of Jacobian [J] = 100 place).

ER
No. of PV bases [NPV] = 20 1F

One slack bus,

Let total no. of buses = N 5 5

Using J = 2N – NPV – 2 +
10 V 5
–
 100 = 2N – 20 – 2 5 5

ST
 2N = 122
 N = 61
12. Let x and y be integers satisfying the following Sol. (100)
equations 1F
2x2 + y2 = 34
A
5 5
5
x + 2y = 11 10V
The value of (x + y) is 5 5
M
Sol. (7)
2x2 + y2 = 34 ...(i) In the given CKT, the bridge is balanced,
and x + 2y = 11 ...(ii) hence the equivalent resistance would be 5.
Solving (i) & (ii), 1F

2
S

 11  x 
2x2    = 34 10V 5
 2 

 8x2 + 121 + x2 – 22x = 136

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 9x2 – 22x – 15 = 0
Now, current in the CKT will decay accord-
Using sridharacharya formula, ing to i = i0e–t/RC till the steady state, when
22  32 the CKT will be open and capacitor will be
10
x = = 3, charged upto +10V in opposition of the volt-
18 18
age source.
10 Energy transferred from voltage source
Discarding – as a root, as it is given that 
18
x and y are integers. =  Ei dt
0

 y = 4 
 10   t/RC
=  (10)  5  e dt
0

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 6 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

 Fundamental rms of phase voltage

 t/RC
= 20  e dt
0 6Vdc

= 20  e t/ RC  RC  0
 =
3
= 20RC = 20 × 5 × 1
2Vdc
= 100 J =

14. A three-phase voltage source inverter with Peak of fundamental of phase voltage

ER
ideal devices operating in 180° conduction
 2Vdc 
mode is feeding a balanced star-connected
resistive load. The DC voltage input is Vdc.
=     2
 
The peak of the fundamental component of
2Vdc
the phase voltage is =

Vdc 2Vdc
(a) (b) 15. A phase-controlled, single-phase, full-bridge

ST
  converter is supplying a highly inductive DC
3Vdc 4Vdc load. The converter is fed from a 230 V, 50
(c) (d)
  Hz, AC source. The fundamental frequency
Sol. (b) in Hz of the voltage ripple on the DC side is

3 phase VSI operating in 180° mode, DC (a) 25 (b) 50

voltage input = Vdc (c) 100 (d) 300
A
Sol. (c)
Vdc Single phase, full bridge converter supplying
highly inductive DC load.
M

i0
3 Star
Load Vs = 230V R Inductive
50Hz DC
L Load

Rms value of line voltage

S

VS
4Vdc  n  50 Hz
VLn = cos  
2n  6 
IE

For fundamental, n = 1, rms line voltage. wt


4Vdc  
VL1 = cos  
2 6
V0
4Vdc 3 100 Hz
=
2 2
wt
2Vdc 3
=

From the above graphs, we can see that
6Vdc
= fVo = 2fVs


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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 7

= 2(50) Which one of the followings is TRUE about

= 100 Hz the frequency selectivity of these systems?

16. An urn contains 5 red balls and 5 black balls. (a) All three are high-pass filters
In the first draw, one ball is picked at (b) All three are band-pass filters
random and discarded without noticing its
colour. The probability to get a red ball in (c) All three are low-pass filters
the second draw is (d) P is low-pass filter, Q is a band-pass
filter and R is a high-pass filter

ER
1 4
(a) (b) Sol. (b)
2 9
Im(z)
5 6
(c) (d) l es P
9 9 po
2
Sol. (a) Re(z)

5 Red balls and 5 Black balls.

ST
unit
circle
One ball discarded in first draw
Poles at z = 0, 0
Discarded Next
ball ball Zeroes at z = 1, –1
4
9 R k(z  1)(z  1)
 H(z) =
(z)(z)
5 1
A
 R
10 2 5 k(z2  1)
B =
9 z2
5 R
5 1 9 At low frequency,
M
 B
10 2 z = 1

4 B k(0)
H(1) =
9 1
From the above tree diagram, we get the = 0
probability of favourable branches (getting Red At high frequency,
S

ball in second attempt) as z = –1

1 4 1 5
     k(0)
2 9 2 9 H(–1) =
1
IE

4 5
=  = 0
18 18
1
It is a band pass filter as output is zero at
= both high and low frequencies.
2
Im(z)
17. The pole-zero plots of three discrete-time Q
systems P, Q and R on the z-plane are shown 0.5
below Re(z)
0.5
Im(z) Q Im(z) R Im(z)
2 poles P unit
Re(z) 0.5 Re(z) Re(z) circle
-0.5 Poles at z = 0.5i, –0.5i
Unit Unit Unit
circle circle circle

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 8 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

Zeroes at z = 1, –1
2
k(z  1)(z  1)
 H(z) =
(z  0.5i)(z  0.5i) 1 2
4 2
2
k(z  1)
= 2
z2  0.25
At low frequency 1 2

z = 1

ER
Sol. (3)
k(0)
H(1) = Given circuit diagram is
1  0.25
= 0 2

It is a band pass filter as output is zero at

both low and high frequencies
1 2

ST
Im(z) 4 2
R

2
Re(z)

unit
circle 1 2
Poles at z = i, –i Converting the above circuit diagram into
A
Zeroes at z = 1, –1 standard T-network by using Y  
transformation we get
k(z  1)(z  1)
 H(z) = 2
M
(z  i)(z  i)
R1 R2
k(z2  1)
H(z) =
(z2  1)
R3
At low frequency
1 2
z = 1 4 2
S

k(0)
H(1) = 2
2
= 0
IE

At high frequency 1 2
z = –1 42 8
R1 =   1
k(0) 242 8
H(–1) =
2 2 2 4
R2 =   0.5 
= 0 242 8
It is a band pass filter as output is zero at 42 8
R3 =   1
both low and high frequencies. 242 8
Hence all the three are band pass filters. Redrawing the given T-network with the
above values
18. For the given 2-port network, the value of
transfer impedance z21 in ohms is _____

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 9

I1 1 0.5 I2 = PQ   Q   QR

= PQ  Q  QR
1
= Q(P  1)  QR
V1 V2
I1
2
I2  (1  P)  1

= Q  QR

ER
applying KVL at the input and output loops  A  AB  A  B 
we get  
V1 = 4I1 + 3I2
V2 = 3I1 + 3.5 I2
= Q  R 
We know 20. Consider a function f(x, y, z) given by

V2 f(x, y, z) = (x2 + y2 – 2z2)(y2 + z2)

ST
Z21 = I The partial derivative of this function with
1 I2 0
respect to x at the point, x = 2, y = 1 and z
V2 = 3 is _____
 Z21 =  3
I1
Sol. (40)
The value of Z21 in ohms is 3 f(x, y, z) = (x2 + y2 – 2z2)(y2 + z2)
A
19. For a 3-input logic circuit shown below, the f
To find :
output Z can be expressed as x x 2,y 1,z 3

f(x, y, z) = x2y2 + y4 – 2y2z2 + x2z2 + y2z2 – 2z4

P
M
f
= 2xy2 + 0 – 0 + 2xz2 + 0 – 0
Q Z x

= 2(2)(1)2 + 2(2)(3)2
R
= 4 + 36 = 40
21. When a unit ramp input is applied to the
(a) QR (b) PQ  R
S

unity feedback system having closed loop

transfer function
(c) QR (d) P  Q  R

Sol. (c) C(s) Ks  b

IE

 2 ,(a  0, b  0, K  0) , the
R(s) s  as  b
Given ckt diagram is,
P
steady state error will be
1
(a) 0
Q 3 Z
a
2 (b)
R b

Output of NAND gate 1 is = PQ aK

(c)
b
Output of NAND gate 2 is = QR
aK
Output of NAND gate 3 is = PQ  Q  QR     (d)
b

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 10 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

Sol. (d) 23. In the circuit shown, the diodes are ideal,
the inductance is small and I0  0 . Which
C(s) Ks  b
= 2 one of the following statements is true?
R(s) s  as  b
is closed loop unity feedback system. D1
Error, E(s) = R(s) – C(s)
 Ks  b  I0
= R(s) 1  2  D2
 s  as  b 

ER
Steady state error,
2 (a) D1 conducts for greater than 180° and
 1   s  as  b  ks  b 
ess lim s
= s 0  2    D2 conducts for greater than 180°
 s   s2  as  b 
(b) D2 conducts for more than 180° and D1
 s2  as  ks  0 conducts for 180°
lim
= s 0  3 2  ... form
 s  as  bs  0 (c) D1 conducts for 180° and D2 conducts

ST
Using L-hospital method, for 180°
2s  a  k ak (d) D1 conducts for more than 180° and D2
lim 2 =
s03s  2sa  b b conducts for 180°
22. The mean square value of the given periodic Sol. (a)
waveform f(t) is _____
In the given figure the Diode D1 is forward
A
f(t) biased during the positive half cycle 0° to
4 180° and D2 is reverse biased during this
t period. After this period current through D1
–3.3 –1.3 –0.3 0.7 2.7 3.7 4.7 starts decaying and current through D2
M

2 starts rising in order to maintain load current

I0 constant and waveforms of the same are
Sol. (6)
drawn below.
Vs(supply voltage)
4
S

–1.3 0.7 2.7 4.7

–3.3 –0.3 –3.7 2
t
3
V0(load voltage)
IE

Mean square value

0.7 2.7
0  (4)2 dt   ( 2)
2
dt  0
0.3 0.7
=
Time period t
0.7 2.7
current)
I0(load

 16 dt   4 dt
= 0.3 0.7
3.7  ( 0.3) ID1 ID2
16(0.7  0.3)  4(2.7  0.7)
= t
4 D1
D2
16  8 D1 D1
= = 6 D2
4 D2

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 11

Thus both the diodes conduct for more than

2
180°. =  2  50
4
24. If a synchronous motor is running at a = 50
leading power factor, its excitation induced = 157 mech rad/sec
voltage (Ef) is
26. The output y(t) of the following system is to
(a) Equal to terminal voltage Vt be sampled, so as to reconstruct it from its
(b) Higher than the terminal voltage Vt samples uniquely. The required minimum
sampling rate is

ER
(c) Less than terminal voltage Vt
X()
(d) Dependent upon supply voltage Vt 
–1000 1000 y(t)
sin 1500t 
Sol. (b) h t  
x(t) X() t

Synchronous motor running at leading pf, cos(1000t)

i.e., Ia leading Vt. (a) 1000 samples/s

ST
P = VIacos = const (b) 1500 samples/s
(c) 2000 samples/s
Ia
(d) 3000 samples/s

Vt

Sol. (b)
–jI aX s z(t)
A
sin 1500t  y(t)
x(t) h t  
Ef t
x()
1
Efsin = const cos(1000t)
M
–1000 1000
From the above phasor diagram, it is clearly
From the above block diagram.
obvious that Ef is greater them Vt in
magnitude. z(t) = x  t  .cos1000t
By using modulation property of Fourier
25. A 3-phase, 4-pole, 400 V, 50 Hz squirrel-cadge Transform.
induction motor is operating at a slip of 0.02. 1
The speed of the rotor flux in mechanical Z   =  X    1000   X    1000 
2
S

rad/sec, sensed by a stationary observer is

X(1000
closest to
(a) 1500 (b) 1470
IE

1/2
(c) 157 (d) 154
Sol. (c)

3-phase, 4P, 50 Hz, 400V –2000

Squirrel-cage induction motor. X()

Slip = 0.02
Speed of rotor flux wrt. stationary observer 1/2
in mech radians per sec

2 
sm =  2f 2000
P

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 12 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

Now, Now tabulating the values of outputs of

Z() flipflops and Z as shown below.

1/2
Clock QA QB QC QA QB QC Z
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 initial
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
–2000 2000
Now, 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

ER
sin1500 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
h(t) =
t 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
H() 1 0 0 1 0 0
6 0 after
6 clock
1 pulse
Hence the output z is “0” after 6 clock pulses.

ST
 28. For the circuit shown below, assume that
–1500 1500 the OPAMP is ideal
Thus, H   is a low pass filter and it will
pass frequency component of Z   upto R
1500  rad sec . Hence, required minimum
sample rate is 1500 samples/sec. R R
A
27. For the synchronous sequential circuit shown R
below, the output Z is zero for the initial –
+ v0
conditions QAQBQC = QA QB QC = 100 2R
M
vs
2R
D Q D Q D Q
Q Q Q
clock [MSB] QA QB QC Which one of the following is TRUE?
Z
[MSB] QA QB (a) v0 = vs
QC
D Q D Q D Q
(b) v0 = 1.5vs
S

Q Q Q
(c) v0 = 2.5vs

The minimum number of clock cycles after (d) v0 = 5vs

IE

which the output Z would again become zero Sol. (c)

is _____
Redrawing the given circuit as shown below,
Sol. (6)
R V3 R I0
Given initial condition,
I2 I3 R
QA QB QC = 100 R I2
v2 –
QA QB QC = 100 v1 + I0 V0
Vs
2R 2R
The output Z for the given circuit is given by

Z =  QA  QA    QB  QB    QC  QC 

For an ideal op-amp v1 = v2
...(i)

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 13

 2R  VS  1
We know v1 = Vs   1 
 2R  2R  = 
R  2
 2R 
= Vs    VS 
 4R  = 1.5   ...(vii)
 R 
Vs
= ...(i)
2 Applying KVL at output,
KCL at node v3 is –V0 + I0R + V3 = 0

ER
I0 = I3 + I2 ...(ii)  V0 – V3 = I0R
V2 = I2R ...(iii)  V0 = V3 + I0R
Applying KVL at the input terminals of opamp
and node V3 we get VS
V0 = VS  (1.5)R
R
–V3 + I2R + V2 = 0

ST
I2R = V3 – V2 [from eq. (vii)]

V3 = V2 + I2R ...(iv) V0 = VS + VS(1.5)

V0 = VS(1 + 1.5)
V3
I3 = ...(v) V0 = 2.5VS
R
From equations (iii) and (v), we get 29. The figure below shows a half-bridge voltage
A
source inverter supplying an RL-load with
V2
I2 = ,  0.3 
R
R  40 and L =    H . The desired
V3  
M
I3 = fundamental frequency of the load voltage is
R
50Hz. The switch control signals of the
Substituting in equation (iv), we get,
converter are generated using sinusoidal pulse
 V2  width modulation with modulation index M
V3 = V2   R = 0.6. At 50Hz, the RL-load draws an active
 R 
power of 1.44kW. The value of DC source
= 2V2
S

voltage VDC in volts is

= 2V1  V1  V2 
S1
2V1 = 2×VS/2 ...(from eq.1) VDC +
–
IE

R L
V3 = VS ...(vi)
I0 = I3 + I2
VDC +
–
S2

V3 V2
= 
R R
(a) 300 2 (b) 500
VS V2
=  (from eq. (vi)) (c) 500 (d) 1000 2
R R
Sol. (d)
VS VS
=  ( V1 = V2) Given data,
R 2R

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 14 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

VDC = 1414.21V
 0.3 
R = 40 , L   H
   = 1000 2V
Modulation index (M) 30. Consider the system described by the
= 0.6 following state space representation

PL = 1.44 kW  x1 (t)  0 1  x1 (t)  0 

       u(t)
V01(Peak)  x 2 (t) 0 2 x2 (t) 1 
M =

ER
VDC
 x1 (t) 
2 y(t) = [1 0 ]  x (t)
 2 
VDC
V01(Peak) = M
2  x1 (t)  1 
If u(t) is a unit step input and     ,
VDC  x2 (t) 0 
V01(rms) = M the value of output y(t) at t = 1 sec (rounded
2 2
off to three decimal places) is______

ST
VDC
=  0.6 Sol. (1.284)
2 2
0 1
0.3VDC A = 0 2 
= 
2
0 
2 B =  
R 2   L 
A
Z1 = 1 
C = [1 0]
2
2 0.3 
= (40)   2  50   x1  0  
  1 
M

Initial values     =  
x
 2 0  0 
= (40)2  (30)2
1
u(t) = 1  u(s) =
= 50 s

40 
State equation x(t) = A X(t) + Bu(t)
cos =
50 Converting into laplace domain
S

= 0.8 s X(s) – X(0) = A X(s) + Bu(s)

 = cos–1(0.8) [sI – A] X(s) = X(0) + Bu(s)
IE

= 36.86 X(s) =  sI  A 1 X(0)  Bu(s)

PL = V01 I01 cos ...(i)
1
 s 0  0 1 
1.44K = V01
 V01  [sI – A]–1 =  0 
s  0 2 
cos  
Z1
1
2 s 1 
 0.3VDC  1 = 0 s  2
1440 =    0.8 
 2  50
1 s  2 1
1440  2  50 =
2 s  s  2   0 s 
= VDC
(0.3)2  0.8

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 15

1 1  3 1 1 2
y(t) =   e 1.2838  1.284
s s s  2   4 2 4
=  
0 1  31. The range of K for which all the roots of the
  s  2  equation s3 + 3s2 + 2s + K = 0 are in the left
0 1 half of the complex s-plane is
Bu(s) =   (a) 0 <K < 6
1  s
0  (b) 0 < K < 16

ER
 
= 1  (c) 6 < K < 36
 s 
(d) 6 < K < 16
substituting the values of [sI – A]–1, Bu(s),
X(0) in equation (i) we get Sol. (a)
1 1  f(x) = s3 + 2s2 + 2s + K = 0
s 0  
s  2   1      For all roots in left half of s-plane, using
X(s) =  1   0  1  

ST
0  s   Routh criteria,
  s  2   
s3 1 2
1 1  1 s2 3 K
s   

s s2   
=  1
 1 6K
0   s1 0
  s  2    s  3
A
 1 1 6K 
  K  0 
  2    3 
 s s s  2    s0  0
=    6K 
1    
M
    3  
 s 
Y(s) = C X(s) + Du(s) 6K
  0 and K  0
3
 1 1 
  2    6– K > 0
10    s s s  2 
=  K < 6 and K > 0
 1  
   
S

 s   0 <K < 6

32. The roots locus of the feedback control system
 D  0 
having the characteristic equation s2 + 6Ks
IE

1 1 + 2s + 5 = 0 where K > 0, enters into the

= 
s s2  s  2  real axis at

1 1 1 1 (a) s = –1
=  2 
s 2s 4s 4  s  2 
(b) s =  5
1  3 1 1 
y(t) = L   2   (c) s = –5
 4s 2s 4 s  2 

3 t 1 2t (d) s = 5
y(t) =   e , at t  1
4 2 4 Sol. (b)
We get
Given characteristic equation is,

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 16 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

s2 + 6ks + 2s + 5 = 0 (c) x(n) = {1, 1, 1, 1}

6ks (d) x(n) = {1, 2, 2, 1}

1 2 = 0 ...(i)
s  2s  5 Sol. (d)
Comparing the equation (i) with 1 + G(s)
= 0
x(n) h1(n) h2(n) y(n)
6sk
We get, G(s) =
s2  2s  5

ER
h(n)
In order to find the point at which the root Now, h(n) = overall system impulse
locus enters the real axis we have to find the response
break away/break-in point. = h1(n) * h2(n)
In order find break away/break-in point,
= {1,  1} * {1, 1}
calculate
 
dk

ST
= 0 Convolution by tabulation method,
ds h1(n)
2
dk [6(s  2s  5)  6s(2s  2)] h2(n) 1 –1
i.e., =  = 0
ds (6s)2 1 1 –1

[6(s2  2s  5)  6s(2s  2)] 1 1 –1

  2 = 0
A
(6s)
 6(s2 + 2s + 5) =6s(2s + 2)
h(n) = {1,0,  1}
 s2 + 2s + 5 – 2s2 – 2s = 0
M

 –s2 + 5 = 0
We know that,
 s2 = 5


 s =  5 H(z) =  h(n)  zn

n 

If s = 5 root locus plot becomes unstable. = 1  z 0  0  z 1  1  z 2

S

= 1 – z–2
Hence, s =  5 is the break away / As we know,
break-in point.
y(z)
IE

33. A cascade system having the impulse H(z) =

x(z)
responses h1(n) = {1, 1} and h2 (n) = {1, 1} is

shown in the figure below, where symbol  y(n)  zn
y(z) = 
denotes the time origin. n 
=1+ 2z–1 + z–2 – z–3 – 2z–4 – z–5
x(n) h1(n) h2(n) y(n)
y(z)
The input sequence x(n) for which the cascade x(z) =
system produces an output sequence y(n) = H(z)
{1, 2, 1, –1, –2, –1} is 1  2z1  z2  z3  2z4  z 5
=
(a) x(n) = {1, 2, 1, 1} 1  z 2
(b) x(n) = {1, 1, 2, 2}  x(z) = 1 + 2z–1 + 2z–2 + z–3

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 17

x(n) = {1, 2, 2, 1} Variance (Y) = E(Y2 )  E(Y)

2


2
34. A person decides to toss a fair coin repeatedly 7 7
=  
until he gets a head. He will make at most 8 8
3 losses. Let the random variable Y denote
7 49
the number of heads. The value of var(Y). = 
8 64
where var(.) denotes the variance, equals:
56  49 7

ER
= =
7 49 64 64
(a) (b)
8 64 35. Two generating units rated 300MW and
400MW have governor speed regulation of
7 105 6% and 4% respectively from no load to full
(c) (d)
64 64 load. Both the generating units are operating
in parallel to share a load of 600MW.
Sol. (c)

ST
Assuming free governor action, the load
Given the maximum no. of losses = 3 shared by the larger unit is_______MW.
The various combinations of three tosses = 8 Sol. (400 MW)
The random variable Y denotes no. of heads For generator 1,
The various combinations are, Rating = 300 MW
H H H  (‘0’ heads) Governor speed regulation = 6%
A
H T H  Frequency droop coefficient
H T T
 6 
T H T –  f01 
M
KP1 =  100 
T T H 300
H H T
{f01= no load frequency of Gen. 1}
T H H
f1 = KP1×(P1) + f01 ...(i)
T T T
For generator 2,
From the above combinations,
S

Rating = 400 MW
1
the probability for “0” heads = Governor speed regulation = 4%
8
 Frequency droop coefficient
IE

7
the probability for atleast one head =
8  4 
–  f02 
 E(Y) = y1P(y1) + y2P(y2) KP2 =  100 
1 7 7 400
= 0  1 =
8 8 8 {f02= no load frequency of Gen. 2}
1  2 7  f2 = KP2×(P2) + f02 ...(ii)
E(Y²) = 0²     1   
8 8 Given f01 = f02 = f0
7 Since both machine operate parallel so
=
8
f1 = f2

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 18 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

–0.06 f0 –0.04 f0  2 (4   )  3 = 0
 P1 = P2
300 400
  3  4  2  3 = 0
 2P1 = P2 ...(iii)
and P1+P2 = 600 MW ...(iv)  (2  4  3) = 0
From equation (iii) and (iv)   = (0, –1, –3)
P1 = 200 MW
37. In the circuit shown all elements are ideal

ER
and P2 = 400 MW and the switch S is operated at 10 kHz and
 Load shared by larger unit i.e. 60% duty ratio. The capacitor is large enough
so that the ripple across it is negligible and
P2 = 400 MW Ans.
at steady state acquires a voltage as shown.
36. The eigen values of the matrix given below The peak current in amperes drawn from
are: the 50V DC source is _________. (Give the
answer up to one decimal place)

ST
0 1 0 S
 
0 0 1  –
0 3 4 
0.6 5
50 V mH 75V
(a) (0, –1, –3) +
A
(b) (0, –2, –3)
Sol. (40)
(c) (0, 2, 3)
Given ckt is a Buck Boost converter
(d) (0, 1, 3) Given data,
M

Sol. (a) Vs = 50V

0 1 0 L = 0.6 mH
 
A = 0 0 1  VC = V0 = 75V
0 3 4  f = 10 kHz

To find eigenvalues, equate (A   ) = 0 duty cycle D = 0.6

S

The output voltage of Buck Boost converter

0 1 0   0 0  is given by,
   
IE

0 0 1   0  0  DVs
(A   ) =  V0 =
0 3 4  0 0   (1  D)
0.6 Vs
=
 1 0  (1  0.6)
  0.6
0  1
=   = Vs
 0 3 ( 4   ) 0.4
V0 6 3
On solving, = =
Vs 4 2
 (–  ) ( 4   )  ( 3)  1[0]  0 = 0 3
 V0 =  50 = 75V
2

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 19

V0 75 VCC = 10V
Load current (I0) = = = 15A
R 5
RB 4R
D
Source current is given by (Is) = I0
(1  D) C
B  = 29
3
=  15 E
2
R
= 22.5 A

ER
The wave form of current through the
inductor shows load current is sum of source RB
current and capacitor current, For this circuit, the value of is
R
IL(avg) = (Is)avg + (I0)avg
(a) 43 (b) 92
= 22.5 + 15
(c) 121 (d) 129
= 37.5 A

ST
Sol. (d)
IL (Inductor current)
V CC=10V
Input loop

IL(max) 4R
RB
IL(avg) Output loop
C
A
IL(min)
+
E
VBE –
M
R
DVs
Current ripple, L =
fL
0.6  50 Given data:
=
10  103  0.6  103
= 5A VCC
VCE =
S

L 2
(IL)max = (IL )avg 
2  = 29
5 VBE = 0.7V
= 37.5 
IE

2 Applying KVL at input, we get,

= 40A
Peak current Ipeak = (IL)max = 40A 10  IB (1  )4R  IB RB  VBE  (1  )IBC

38. For the circuit shown in the figure below, it 10  IB (1  29)4R  IB RB  0.7  (30)IBC
VCC 9.3 = 150IBR + IBRB ...(i)
is given that VCE  . The transistor has
2 Applying KVL at output, we get,
  29 and V BE = 0.7V when the B-E
10  4R(1  )IB  VCE  (1  )IBR = 0
junction is forward biased.
VCC
10 = 4R(1  29)IB  (1  29)RIB  = 0
2

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 20 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

10 = 150IBR + 5 RMS Line to line voltage (VL) = 208V

5 = 150IBR ...(ii) Total power absorbed by load (P) = 432W
Substituting eq. (ii) in eq. (i), we get, Operating power factor = 0.6 leading
9.3 = 5 + IBRB We know,
IBRB = 4.3 ...(iii) Power absored by 3   load,
From eq. (i), we get,
P = 3VL IL cos 

ER
 RB 
9.3 = IB R 150 
 R  432 = 3(208)(IL )(0.6)

5  R  432
= 150  B  IL =
150  R  3  208  0.6

[From eq. (ii)] = 1.9985A

We known in star connection,

ST
9.3  150 RB
= 150  IL = Iph
5 R
93  15 RB Vph
– 150 =  Z = I
5 R ph

RB VL / 3
  129
R =
A
Iph
39. For the balanced Y-Y connected 3-phase
circuit shown in the figure below, the line- 208 / 3
=
line voltage is 208V rms and the total power 1.9985
M
absorbed by the load is 432W at a power = 60.08
factor of 0.6 leading.
 Approximate value of Z
a A
= 60.08  cos1 (0.6)
van z
Z = 60.08  53.13
n N
S

vcn
vbn z z 40. A 3-phase, 2-pole, 50 Hz, synchronous
c b C B generator has a rating of 250MVA, 0.8 pf
lagging. The kinetic energy of the machine
IE

The approximate value of the impedance Z at synchronous speed is 1000 MJ. The
is: machine is running steadily at synchronous
speed and delivering 60MW power at a power
(a) 33  53.1 angle of 10 electrical degrees. If the load is
suddenly removed, assuming the acceleration
(b) 6053.1
is constant for 10 cycles, the value of the
(c) 60  53.1 power angle after 5 cycles is____________
electrical degrees.
(d) 180  53.1
Sol. (12.7°)
Sol. (c)
Given data,
Given data,
No. of phases = 3

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 21

No of poles (P) = 2 = (   0 )
f = 50Hz (frequency) = (2.7 + 10)
S = 250 MVA (rating)
= 12.7
cos = 0.8 lag
41. A 3-phase, 50Hz generator supplies power of
Kinetic energy = 1000 MJ 3MW at 17.32 kV to a balanced 3-phase
Pe = 60 MW inductive load through an overhead line. The
per phase line resistance and reactance are

ER
0 = 10°
0.25 and 3.925 respectively. If the
When load is removed Pe = 0 voltage at the generator terminal is 17.87kV,
then, Pa = Pm – P e the power factor of the load is________.
= Pm – 0 Sol. (0.8018)
Pa = Pm Given data,

ST
i.e., Pm = 60 MW f = 50 Hz
50 cycles in 1 sec, PR = 3MW
10 cycle in ? (receiving end power)
10  1 VR = 17.32 kV (line to line)
t = = 0.2sec
50
R = 0.25 / phase
We know inertia constant (M)
A
XL = 3.925 / phase
KE
= VS = 17.87 kV (line to line)
180f
M
1000 cos = ?
=
180  50
we know, PR = 3VR IR cos 
= 0.111 MJ/deg-Hz
We know, VS=17.87 kV
VR=17.32 kV
G R=0.25
d2  ~
Pa = M ...(i)
S

dt 2 50Hz X = j3.925

Integrating on both sides, we get, L

PR=3MW O
A
t2
IE

D
Pa = M
2
Pa t2
 = PR
2M IR = ...(i)
3VR cos 
2
(60M)  (0.1)
 =  VS VR 
2(0.11)M 
  = IR (R cos   XL sin )
 3 3
60  (0.1)2
 = PR
2(0.11) (VS  VR )
= (R cos   XL sin )
 = 2.7° 3 3VR cos 
 The value of power angle after 5 cycles [From eq. (i)]

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 22 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

PR a = 3.3  m
VS – VR = V cos  (R cos   X L sin )
R

PR
(VS – VR) = V (R  XL tan  )
R R = 1cm drop of
radius 'r'
VR
(VS  VR )  R = XL tan 
PR
Vbubble = 1V

ER
VR R
tan  =  VS  VR   Using volume conservation,
PR  L XL
4 3
17.32  10 3
0.25 4 R2 a = 3 r
= 6
(17.87  103  17.32  103 ) 
3  10  3.925 3.925  3R2a = r3
tan  = 0.7453  r = 0.000996655 m

ST
1 Q
 = tan–1(0.7453) Vbubble =
40 R
 = 36.697° = 1V ...(i)

 cos = cos 36.697 1 Q

Vdrop = 4 r ...(ii)
0
= 0.8018
From (i) & (ii), we get,
A
The power factor of the load is 0.8018.
Vbubble r
42. A thin soap bubble of radius R = 1cm, and
Vdrop =
thickness a = 3.3 m (a<<R), is at a potential R
M
of 1V with respect to a reference point at 1 0.000996655
infinity. The bubble bursts and becomes a  Vdrop =
(0.01)
single spherical drop of soap (assuming all
the soap is contained in the drop) of radius  Vdrop = 10.03 V
r. The volume of the soap in the thin bubble 43. A 25kVA, 400 V,  -connected, 3-phase,
4 3 cylindrical rotor synchronous generator
is 4 R2 a and that of the drop is r . The
S

3 requires a field current of 5A to maintain

potential in volts, of the resulting single the rated armature current under short-
spherical drop with respect to the same circuit condition. For the same field current,
reference point at infinity is_______. (Give
IE

the open-circuit voltage is 360V. Neglecting

the answer up to two decimal places.) the armature resistance and magnetic
a saturation, its voltage regulation (in % with
respect to terminal voltage), when the
R Bursts generator delivers the rated load at 0.8 pf
Soap drop leading, at rated terminal voltage
of radius 'r' is___________.
Soap Bubble Sol. (–14.50)
Sol. (10.03 V) Given data, S = 25 kVA
V = 400V(l – l)
I0 = 5A (field current)

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 23

V0 = 360V (OC voltage)

R2  0.3 , X1  0.41 , X2  0.41 .
Ra = 0
Neglect shunt branch in the equivalent
3
25  10 circuit. The starting current (in Ampere) for
Irated =
3V this motor when connected to an 80V (line),
20Hz, 3-phase AC source is__________.
25000
= Sol. (70.06A)
3  400
= 36.08A (line-line) Given data, V = 208(line – line)

ER
36.08 P = 12.5 kW
Irated/phase = (for  winding) f = 60 Hz
3
= 20.833A R1 = 0.3
V0/Phase R2 = 0.3
then, Xs = I
rated/Phase
X1 = 0.41 at 60 Hz

ST
360
= [ V0/(l – l) = V0/Phase) for  ] X2 = 0.41 at 60 Hz
20.833
Vst = 80V (line-line)
= 17.28
We know voltage regulation can be calculated 20
by calculating E. at 20Hz, X1 =  0.41 = 0.1366
60
E = [(V cos   Ia Ra )2  (V sin   Ia Xs )2 ]1/2
20
A
X2 =  0.41 = 0.1366
2 60
= (400)(0.8)  (0)20.83)  +
1 
1 at starting s = 1 hence, R2   1   0
M
s 
[400  0.6  (17.28)(20.83)]2  2

X1 = j0.1366 X 2 = j0.1366
Ist
1/2
2
= (400  0.8)   (400  0.6  (17.28)(20.83)  
2
  R1 = 0.3 R2 = 0.3
1 80 R3  1s  1 =0
V
3  (short)
= [(320)2  (240  359.9424)2 ]2
S

1/2
= (320)2  (119.9424)2 
Starting current,
= 341.739V
Vst
IE

EV |Ist| =
 % Voltage regulation =  100 (R1  R2 )  (X1  X2 )2
2
V
341.739  400 80 / 3
=  100
400 =
(0.3  0.3)  (0.1366  0.1366)2
2

= –0.145 × 100
80 / 3
= –14.50% =
(0.62  (0.273)2
44. A star-connected, 12.5kW, 208V (line), 3-
phase, 60Hz squirrel cage induction motor 80
has following equivalent circuit parameters = = 70.06A
3  0.6591
per phase referred to the stator. R1  0.3 ,

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 24 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

45. Which of the following systems has = 0.25

maximum peak overshoot due to a unit step
100
input? (D)  n = 10
2
s  20s  100
100 2n = 20
(a) 2
s  10s  100
20
 =
100 20
(b)

ER
2
s  15s  100 = 1
Hence (c) option M P will be highest at
100  = 0.25.
(c)
s2  5s  100
46. A 220V, 10 kW, 900 rpm separately excited
DC motor has an armature resistance
100
(d) Ra  0.02 . When the motor operates at

ST
2
s  20s  100
rated speed and with rated terminal voltage,
Sol. (c) the electromagnetic torque developed by the
motor is 70Nm. Neglecting the rotational
As we know that damping ratio (  ) losses of the machine, the current drawn by
  = MP  the motor from the 220V supply is:
(a) 34.2A
A
Checking value of  for all options,
(b) 30A
100
(A)  n = 10 (c) 22A
s2  10s  100
M
(d) 4.84A
2n = 10
Sol. (b)
 2 = 1
Given 220V, 10 kW, 900 rpm separately
  = 0.5 excited DC motor with Ra = 0.02 .
Rated torque = 70 Nm.
100
S

(B)  n = 10 Irated = ?
s2  15s  100
2n = 15 Ia
IE

20 = 15 Ra = 0.02

3 = const. Eb 220V,

 = 10 kW
4
= 0.75
100
(C) 2  n = 10
s  5s  100
In separately excited motor, field flux remains
2n = 5 constant.
Now, V = E + IaRa
5
 =  220 = E + Ia(0.02) ...(i)
20

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 25

NPZ By residue theorm

and E = ...(ii)
60A  z3  2z  3 
ZPa Res(f(z)) = Lim(z  2)  
T = ...(iii)
z 2
 (z  2) 
2A
= 8 – 2(2) + 3
from (ii) & (iii), we get,
= 7
E (N)(2) By Cauche residue theorem
= 60 
T

ER
a
z3  2z  3
(900)(2)(70)  (z  2)
dz = 2i[Res(f(z))]
 EIa =
60
= 2i (7)
= 6597.344 ...(iv)
= 14 i
from (i) & (iv), we get,
48. For the network given in figure below, the
6597.344

ST
 a (0.02) Thevenin’s voltage Vab is:
220 = Ia
10 10

 (0.02)I2a  220Ia  6597.344 = 0

a +
6A 5 10 – 16V
 Ia = 10969.92, 30.07A b

Discarding excessively high armature

A
current value, we get rated current value (a) –1.5V
30.07A  30A. (b) –0.5V
47. The value of the contour integral in the (c) 0.5V
M
complex-plane (d) 1.5V

z3  2z  3 Sol. (a)
 z  2 dz P 10 Q 10

along the contour |z| = 3, taken counter-

a
clockwise is: 6A 5 10 +
– 16V
S

b
(a) 18 i
(b) 0
IE

Applying KCL at points P and Q,

(c) 14 i At P:
(d) 48 i VP VP  VQ
6  = 0
Sol. (c) 5 10
Given contour Integral is  VQ  3VP = 60 ...(i)
At Q:
z3  2z  3 z3  2z  3
 z  2 dz where f(z) =
(z  2) VQ

VQ  16

VQ  VP
= 0
and the countour is |z| = 3 in counter 10 10 10
clockwise. The pole z = 2 lies inside the  3VQ  VP = 16 ...(ii)
contour |z| = 3.

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 26 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

Solving (i) and (ii), we get, At full load,

3 IL = Ia + Ish
VQ = 
2 7 = Ia + 0.5
= – 1.5V
 Ia = 6.5A
As VQ is Vab , hence Vab = – 1.5V
Now, Vt = Eb + IaRa
49. A 120V DC shunt motor takes 2A at no load.
 120 = Eb + (6.5)(0.8)
It takes 7A on full load while running at

ER
1200 rpm. The armature resistance is 0.8 ,  Eb = 114.8V
and the shunt field resistance is 240 . The Now,
no load speed, in rpm, is__________.
as E  N
Sol. (1241.811)
and  = constant for DC shunt motor.
DC shunt motor,
 E  N
No load: I0 = 2A

ST
Eb N
N0 = ? Hence, = N
E0 0
Full load: IL = 7A
N = 1200 rpm 114.8
=
118.8
IL
118.8
Ish Ia  1200
A
Ra=0.8  N0 =
114.8

240 Eb 120V
N0 = 1241.811 rpm.
50. In the circuit shown in the figure, the diode
M
used is ideal. The input power factor
is________. (Give the answer up to two
As the voltage across shunt is constant decimal places)
(120V), Ish remains constant,
120
Ish = A = 0.5A
240
S

100sin(100t)V 10
for No load, I0 = 2A

and I0 = a0  sh

IE

Sol. (0.707)
2 = a0  0.5 Diode

 a0 = 1.5A
V = 100sin(100t) 10
Now, Vt0 = E0  a0 Ra

120 = E0 + (1.5)(0.8)
In the above half wave diode rectifier,
 E0 = 118.8V

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 27

Vin
1
Vm 51. A 10 digit timer counter possesses a base
2
 2 clock of frequency 100 MHz. When measuring
t
a particular input, the reading obtained is
the same in: (i) Frequency mode of operation
V0 with a gating time of one second and (ii) Period
mode of operation (in the x10 ns scale). The
Vm
frequency of the unknown input (reading

ER
 2 obtained) in Hz is________.
t
Sol. (100000000.00)
Given data:
Vm
V0 = Base clock of frequency (n) = 100 MHz

Gate time (t) = 1sec.
 Vm 

ST
   Given the the reading obtained in frequency
 
 I0 = mode and period mode is same
R
(1) In frequency mode we know
 2
1  Vm sin t  n
ISrms =  d  t 
2 0 
 f =
R  t

100  106
A
2 
Vm f =
ISrms = 2
sin2 t d  t  1
2R 0
f = 108
 (2) In period mode we know period P of input
M
Vm  1  cos2t   
=   2  d t signal is the inverse of its frequency
2 R 0 
1
 Vm  P =
f
=  
 2R  1
IS rms = IL rms P =
108
input power factor
S

= 10–8
Power output at load = 10 × 10–9
=
Power input at source (Converting into n-sec scale)
IE

P = 10 ns
VL rms  IL rms
input p.f = V ...(i) 1
S rms  IS rms The frequency and period displayed on 10
2
VL rms = R × IL rms 1
digit scale. We know in 10 digit scale the
2
Vm Vm most significant bit shows only (0, 1) and
= R 
2R 2 remaining digit display from (0 to 9).
Vm Thus, frequency is displayed as
VL rms 1 100000000.00 Hz
 2 
input p.f = VS rms Vm 2
2 period is displayed as 100000000.00 n sec.
input p.f = 0.707 Ans.

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 28 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

c
Ans. f  100000000.00 Hz

52. If the primary line voltage rating is 3.3 kV

(Y side) of a 25 kVA. Y-  transformer (the
Dca Dbc
per phase turns ratio is 5:1), then the line
current rating of the secondary side (in
Ampere) is_________.
Sol. (37.8787) a b

ER
D ab

Sol.  0.289 

3.3 kV C

5:1
Dca Dbc

ST
Transformer rating = 25 kVA
Finding primary line current, a b
Dab
25 103 Given data:
IPL =
3  3.3 103
f = 50 Hz
= 4.373 A
Dab = Dbc = Dca = 1m
A
Now, transforming phase currents
GMR = 0.01m
IPL 1  IPLine  IPPhase 
=    GMD 
5 in star connection
7
IS we know, L = 2  10 ln 
M

Ph
 GMR 
 ISPh = 4.373 × 5 = 21.86A
...(i)

Now, ISL = 3 ISPh Since it is equilateral spacing,

 GMDA = GMDB = GMDC = GMD = 0.01m
= 3  21.86
 1 
S

7
= 37.8787 A  L = 2  10 ln  
 0.01 
53. Consider an overhead transmission line with
3-phase, 50 Hz balanced system with 7
= 2  10 ln(100)
IE

conductors located at the vertices of an

equilateral triangle of length Dab = Dbc = Dca = 9.2103  107 H
= 1m as shown in figure below. The Positive requence reactance (XL)
resistances of the conductors are neglected.
The geometric mean radius (GMR) of each = 2 fL
conductor is 0.01m. Neglecting the effect of = 2  50  9.2103  107
ground the magnitude of positive sequence 4
= 2.8935  10  / m
reactance in  / km (rounded off to three
= 0.28935 / km
decimal place) is_________.
 0.289   km

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 29

54. In the circuit shown below, the value of  C = 10–2

capacitor C required for maximum power to
 C = 10 mF
be transferred to the load is
RS = 0.5  x, x  1
55. Let g(x) =  and f(x) =
x  1, x  1
5mH
v(t) = 10 sin(100t) 1  x, x  0
1 C  2 . Consider the composition of f
 x , x  0

ER
and g. i.e., (f  g)(x)  f(g(x)). The number
Load
(a) 1 nF of discontinuities in (f  g)(x) present in the

interval  , 0  is:

(b) 1 F
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 1 mF

ST
(c) 2 (d) 4
(d) 10 mF
Sol. (a)
Sol. (d)
R S = 0.5   x, x  1
g(x) = 
x  1, x  1
5mH
1  x, x  0
A
v(t) = 10 sin(100t) ZL f(x) =  2
1 C  x , x  0

1  g(x), g(x)  0

f  g(x) = f(g(x)) = 
M
Load 2
 (g(x)) , g(x)  0
For max power transfer theorem,
 1  (x), x  0, x  1
ZL = Z*S 
1  (x  1), x  1  0, x  1
= 
 (x) , x  0, x  1
2
Calculating ZL,
 2
R/jC  (x  1) , x  1  0, x  1
S

ZL = jL 
1
R  1  x, 0  x  1
jC 
x2 , x 0
= 
IE

3 1
 ZL = j(100)(5 10 )  j(100C)  1 (x  1)2 ,
 x 1

1  j 100C  x 2 , x 0
= j(0.5)  
1  10000C 2  x  1, 0  x  1
f(g(x)) = 
Equating real parts of ZS and ZL (x  1)2 , x 1

1
0.5 = f  g(x) is continuous at every point in
1  10000C2
((, 0).
1
 C2 =  Number of points of discontinuities = 0.
10000

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 30 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

Each multiple choice (m) = 3 marks

Aptitude
hence, e + m = 20 …(1)
1. There are five buildings called V, W, X, Y
and 3m + 11e = 100 …(2)
and Z in a row (not necessarily in that order).
V is to the West of W. Z is to the East of X On solving we get m = 15
and the West of V. W is to the West of Y. Hence, no. of multiple choice questions = 15
Which is the building in the middle?
3. Choose the option with words that are not
(a) V synonyms.

ER
(b) W (a) Aversion, dislike
(c) X (b) Luminous, radiant
(d) Y (c) Plunder, loot
Sol. (a) (d) Yielding, resistant
As given, V is to west of W Sol. (d)

ST
 VW …(1) As “yielding” means giving up
and “resistant” means the one who resists
Z is east of X and west of Y
Clearly, both of these words are not
XZV …(2)
synonymns of each other.
W is to the west of Y
4. Saturn is _________ to be seen on a clear
A
WY …(3) night with the naked eye.
From (1), (2), and (3), we have the order of (a) Enough bright
direction as
(b) Bright enough
M

West East
(c) As enough bright
X Z V W Y
(d) Bright as enough
Hence, the middle building is V.
Sol. (b)
2. A test has twenty questions worth 100 marks
in total. There are two types of questions. Saturn is Bright enough to be seen on a
clear night with the naked eye.
S

Multiple choice questions are worth 3 marks

each and essay questions are worth 11 marks 5. There are 3 red socks, 4 green socks and 3
each. How many multiple choice questions blue socks. You choose 2 socks. The
does the exam have?
IE

probability that they are of the same colour

(a) 12 (b) 15 is:
(c) 18 (d) 19 (a) 1/5 (b) 7/30
Sol. (b) (c) 1/4 (d) 4/15
Let ‘e’ be the number of essay questions and Sol. (d)
‘m’ be the number of multiple choice ques-
3 red socks, 4 green socks, 3 blue socks
tions
When 2 out of all picked, probability that
Test has 20 questions for 100 marks
they are of same colour
Each essay (e) = 11 marks

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GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION | 31

(c) The box labelled ‘Oranges’

No. of ways in which
2 same colour socks (d) Cannot be determined
can be selected
P (same colour) =
Total no. of ways in Sol. (b)
which 2 out of total
can be selected
has has has
Apples Oranges Both
3
C2  4 C2  3C2
=

ER
10
C2 Oranges Apples Apples
Label: or or or
363 Both Both Oranges
= Let us choose a box labelled ‘apples’. If an
45
orange comes out, it can be either be having
4
= oranges or both. Hence can’t say.
15
Similarly if we choose box labelled ‘oranges’,
6. “We lived in a culture that denied any merit

ST
the same scenario will occur.
to literary works, considering them impor-
Now, if we choose a box labelled ‘Both’, then
tant only when they were handmaidens to
(i) If an orange comes out, then the box
something seemingly more urgent - namely
labelled ‘Apples’ has both and box labelled
ideology. This was a country where all ges-
‘oranges’ has Apple.
tures, even the most private, were interpreted
(ii) If an apple comes out, then box labelled
in political terms.
‘apples’ has oranges and box labelled
A
The author’s belief that ideology is not as ‘oranges’ has both.
important as literature is revealed by the Hence, option (b).
word:
8. X is a 30 digit number starting with the
M
(a) ‘culture’ digit 4 followed by the digit 7. Then the
(b) ‘seemingly’ number X3 will have:

(c) ‘urgent’ (a) 90 digits

(d) ‘political’ (b) 91 digits

Sol. (c) (c) 92 digits

S

The author’s belief that ideology is not as (d) 93 digits

important as literature is revealed by the
Sol. (a)
word “seemingly”.
IE

7. There are three boxes. One contains apples, Given X is a 30 digit

another contains oranges and the last one Starts with 4 followed by 7
contains both apples and oranges. All three
Let the number be X = (47 X28 X27 X26
are known to be incorrectly labelled. If you
X25...X0)
are permitted to open just one box and then
pull out and inspect only one fruit, which  The number lies between,
box would you open to determine the contents 47 × 1028 < X < 48 × 1028
of all three boxes? Now, X3 will be in between,
(a) The box labelled ‘Apples’ (47 × 1028)3 < X3 < (48 × 1028)3
(b) The box labelled ‘Apples and Oranges’ (47)3 × 1084 < X3 < (48)3 × 1084

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 32 | GATE–2017 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S ESSION–2 QUESTION AND DETAILED S OLUTION

103823 × 1084 < X3 < 110592 × 1084 contour plot of a geographical region. Contour
lines are shown at 0.05 bar intervals in this
 A total of (6 + 84) = 90 digits
plot.
 The number X3 will have 90 digits.
9. The number of roots of ex + 0.5x2 – 2 = 0 in R
the range [–5, 5] is:
S
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3

ER
Sol. (c) Q
1
ex  x 2  2  0
2
B 1 2km
1
e  2  x2
x
If the possibility of a thunderstorm is given
2

ST
by how fast air pressure rises or drops over
a region, which of the following regions is
most likely to have a thunderstorm?
2 (a) P (b) Q
1 (c) R (d) S
Sol. (c)
A
–2 2
In order to have the rain there should be
pressure difference between the land and sea.
Here the region which is having low pressure
M
is most likely to have heavy rainfall/
No. of solutions = 2 thunderstorm.
Hence, no. of roots = 2 In given figure Region R has lowest pressure
10. An air pressure contour line joins locations hence most likely to have thunderstorm in
in a region having the same atmospheric this region.
pressure. The following is an air pressure
S
IE

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