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Instrument Transformers

Instrument transformers are used to measure high currents and voltages. They provide isolation and utilize current and voltage transformation properties. There are two main types: current transformers (CT) and potential transformers (PT). CTs have a secondary rating of typically 5A and are used to measure current. PTs are used to measure high voltages and have a secondary rating of around 110V. Both provide isolation and allow measurement of quantities that would otherwise be too high for standard meters.

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Ezeldeen Agory
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96 views19 pages

Instrument Transformers

Instrument transformers are used to measure high currents and voltages. They provide isolation and utilize current and voltage transformation properties. There are two main types: current transformers (CT) and potential transformers (PT). CTs have a secondary rating of typically 5A and are used to measure current. PTs are used to measure high voltages and have a secondary rating of around 110V. Both provide isolation and allow measurement of quantities that would otherwise be too high for standard meters.

Uploaded by

Ezeldeen Agory
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instrument Transformers

• A transformer that is used in conjunction


with a measuring instrument

• It utilizes the current-transformation and


voltage transformation properties to
measure high ac current and voltage

• They also provide isolation

1
Where to use Instrument Transformers

• To measure high currents and high


Voltages

• Why can’t we use voltmeter with very


high series resistance and ammeter with
very low shunt resistance?

2
Disadvantages of Shunts & Multipliers
• Shunts
• Time constant should be same for
meter and shunt
• Power consumed increases
• Insulation problems (for high voltages)
• No Isolation
• Multipliers (Series resistance)
• Power consumption
• Leakage currents, so good insulators
used , hence costly
• No isolation
3
Types of Instrument Transformers

• Current transformer

• Potential (Voltage) transformer

4
Current Transformers

• Secondary is usually 5 A (Standard)

• 5 A is sufficient for a relay to operate and


for a meter to measure
5
Point to note about CT
• Primary current depends on load, but not
on the burden

• Current coil of Wattmeter or Ammeter is


connected across the terminal of the
secondary or Relay

• Secondary operates near short circuit


conditions

• One of the terminal of CT secondary


winding is earthed
6
Types of CT

7
Constructional Details of Window CT

8
Constructional Details of Window CT
Layer 2

Layer 1

Core

9
Constructional Details of wound CT

Primary
Connections

Primary Winding

Secondary
Winding

10
Care, while operating with CT

11
Usually current is measured in terms
of voltage across a standard resistor

12
Connections of CT and PT

13
Potential Transformer

14
15
Points to note about PT
• Secondary is connected voltmeter or
Potential coil of the Wattmeter or Relay

• Design is similar to Power Transformer,


but Potential Transformers are lightly
loaded

• Secondary is usually rated for 110 V

• Should not be shorted

16
Construction of PT
• For the same power rating, Voltage
transformer is costly than Power
transformer (large core & conductor size)

• Output is small (and accurate), but size


is large

• Can carry more load (2 to 3 times)

• Shell type core – Low voltage

• Co-axial windings 17
Construction of PT
• Insulation: Cotton tape and varnished
cambric as insulation for coil

• Oil immersed for more than 7 kV

• Oil filled bushing for oil filled transformer

• If one side of the primary winding is at


neutral, one bushing is sufficient

18
19

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