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Instrumentation Transformer

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67 views23 pages

Instrumentation Transformer

Uploaded by

ummehr2017
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instrument Transformer

• The name instrument transformer is a general


classification applied to current and voltage
devices used to change currents and
voltages from one magnitude to another
• To perform an isolating function, that is, to
isolate the utilization current or voltage from
the supply voltage for safety to both the
operator and the end device
Instrumentation Transformer
Instrument Transformer
• Figure 1 shows some of the most basic uses for
instrument transformers.
• Voltage transformers are most commonly used to
lower the high line voltages down to typically
120/220 volts on the secondary to be connected to
a voltmeter, watthour meter, or protection relay.
• Similarly, current transformers take a high current
and reduce it to typically 5 amps on the secondary
winding so that it can be used with a watt hour
meter, ammeter, or protection relay
Instrument Transformer
• Used to measure high Voltage and high
currents
Instrument Transformer
• Current Transformer (CT)
• Potential Transformer (PT)
Current Transformers
• Current transformers are constructed in various ways. One
method is quite similar to that of the potential transformer
in that there are two separate windings on a magnetic steel
core.
• But it differs in that the primary winding consists of a few
turns of heavy wire capable of carrying the full load current
• the secondary winding consist of many turns of smaller
wire with a current carrying capacity of between 5/20
amperes, dependent on the design. This is called the
wound type due to its wound primary coil
• Another very common type of construction is the
so-called “window,” “through” or donut type
current transformer in which the core has an
opening through which the conductor carrying the
primary load current is passed.
• This primary conductor constitutes the primary
winding of the CT (one pass through the window”
represents a one turn primary), and must be large
enough in cross section to carry the maximum
current of the load
CT ratio
• The secondary consists of a larger number of turns of smaller wire.
• The number is dependent on the primary to secondary current
transformation desired.
• If a lower current rating than is available is required due to a low load density,
this can be achieved by looping the primary cable through the window of
the CT.
• An example would be the need for a 100 ampere to 5 unit when the lowest
current rating made by the manufacturer was 200 to 5 amperes.
• By looping the cable through the window so that the cable passes through the
window twice, we can make an effective 100:5 ampere unit out of a 200:5
ampere unit .
• Smaller increments of current change can be achieved by adding or backing off
secondary turns as well as primary turns, i.e., we can make a 110:5 ampere
unit out of a standard 200:5 ampere unit by adding 2 primary turns and adding
4 secondary turns. The primary amperes turn
Points to be noted for CT
• The primary current depends on load, but not
on burden
• Secondary operates near short circuit
conditions.
• The current coil of the watt meter or ammeter
is connected across the secondary terminals.
Construction details of Windows
type CTs
Care while operating with CTs
Usually current is measured in
terms of voltage
Potential Transformers
• Potential transformers consist of two
separate windings on a common magnetic
steel core. One winding consists of fewer turns
of heavier wire on the steel core and is called
the secondary winding.
• The other winding consists of a relatively large
number of turns of fine wire, wound on top of
the secondary, and is called the primary
winding.
Points to be noted for PTs
• The secondary is connected to the voltmeter
• The design is similar to power transformers
but the design is lightly loaded
• Secondary is usually rated for 120 or 220v
• Secondary should not be short circuited
Construction of PTs
• Output is small and accurate but size is large.
• For the same power rating voltage
transformer is costly than power transformer.
• Insulation: cotton tape or varnished.

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