REDUCTION OF EXHAUST EMISSION WITH

NEW WATER INJECTION SYSTEM IN DIESEL

Presented by-
M.LOHITH – 16075A0301
KRISHNA GOPAL – 16075A0302

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY(JNTUH)
CONTENTS

• Objective Of The Topic

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 Objectives
 The main intention of this water injection system is to reduce the Nox emission
from diesel engines.

 It is a new way to avoid detonation which occur due to premature ignition.

 Specific fuel consumption can be decreased to about 13%.

 Loss of fuel due to insufficient oxygen can be reduced.

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 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION /
MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT
 Use of biodiesel as an alternative diesel fuel results in reduction of HC, smoke and
PM emissions but slightly higher NOx emissions.

 The NOx emissions increase limits the use of biodiesel fuels in non-attainment
areas and is therefore a significant barrier to market expansion for these fuels.

 Various methods were used previously to reduce NOx emissions from biodiesel
fuelled diesel engines.

 Here diesel engine consists of a another injector for injecting water in addition to a
fuel injector.

 The injected water absorbs heat and thus decreases the temperature avoiding the
knocking effect.

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 Overview :

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• Here the air enters the inlet manifold through the air filters , compressor and an
inter cooler.

• The water to be injected is supplied by means of a oscillating pump through a

• An electronic control unit recieves signals from the sensors and allows the devices
to work according to that condition.

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 Methodology :
 As the charge enters the combustion chamber water is injected on to it in the form
of a fine mist.

 Due to high temperatures the water vaporises and reduces the combustion
temperature.

(a) (b) (c)

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 Here it shows the water being As the water is being evaporated we
evaporated from the body. feel cool.

• Water injection system works with this principle due to this the temperature
of the combustion chamber decreases.

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 EFFECTS OF INTRODUCING WATER IN THE
ENGINE CYLINDER:
The waters function in decreasing NOX emissions is related to two phenomena :

 The first is that vaporisation of the injected water droplets will decrease the internal
energy proportionally to the vaporisation enthalpy of the water.
The below equation shows the energy being drawn from cylinder gas to
evaporate the water.
d Q = -mw * hw-vap
dU=dQ–dW
d U = -mw * hw-vap
 The second is that specific heat of the cylinder gas will also increase with increasing
water content.
The below equation shows that as the specific heat of the gas is increased
more energy is needed to increase the temperature.

Q = Cpg * mg * ∆T

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 Since cool air has a higher density which increases the oxygen content in the
combustion chamber.
pv = mRt
p ∕ Rt = ρ

From the above equation, we can say that the density and
temperature are inversely related.

Actual volume of charge entered during suction stroke at N.T.P

 Finally, the effective internal cooling of the combustion chamber reduces the
thermal strain on numerous performance-related components.

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Result :

Diesel engine without water injection. Diesel engine with water injection
system.

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Advantages :
• Reduces air inlet charge temperatures.
• Reduces detonation ( knock ) in engine.
• Reduces carbon deposits on the piston.
• Maintenance cost associated with frequent replacement of parts such as exhaust
valves, turbine wheels, and pistons is reduced.

Disadvantages :
• Need to maintain a water tank.
• For pressurizing water requires pump

Applications :
• Marine engines
• Locomotive engines
• Stationary engines.

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Conclusion :
• The study shows that the water injection system is very effective in running
vehicle, where temperatures are expected to be high.

• With this system the Nox , Cox emission can be reduced to a considerable amount.

• Wastage of fuel due to insufficient oxygen can be reduced to some exten and the
knocking effect too.

• Reduction of fuel consumption for the vehicles which run at high loads and low
speed.

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FUTURE SCOPE

• The new water injection system may not eradicate the air pollution, yet it could be a
good method to adopt.

• The theoretical study on this system shows the tendency to reduce the Nox emission
to a great extent.

• Moreover this system can also be extended to SI engines and can be made to work
with high compression ratios, which further increases its performance.

• With a small change in diesel engine with a another injector for water injection will
increase its performance.

• Moreover water is cheaply available, in future we can expect a water filling stations
besides the fuel filling stations.

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Reference :
• S. Fernando, C. Hall, and S. Jha, (Jan. 2006), “NOx Reduction from Biodiesel
Fuels,”

• K. Breda and P. Stanislav,(2001), “Reduction of Diesel Engine Emissions by

• https://images.google.com

• https://scholar.google.co.in

• http://papers.sae.org/960033/

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